Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 456926.pdf: 880351 bytes, checksum: 5eb718bdd95aa999abac5ad5aedb2202 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / This dissertation is an assessment of the residential demand for energy sources in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in this dissertation the main objective is to demonstrate the social , environmental and economic benefits that renewable energy provide . To achieve this goal, the methodology used were demonstrations of energy data on the families of Rio Grande do Sul through the Energy Balance of Rio Grande do Sul and Search for Family Budgets- SFB, published by IBGE. In this dissertation also aims to determine the intensity of the income elasticity for the most important energy sources in the state. In this sense, the article will be used - econometric techniques to determine the income elasticity in the state and also compare it with the perspective of economic growth of the state in coming years. By applying these methodologies results demonstrated that the possibility of keeping a residential energy matrix of largely renewable energy is feasible. Thus, there is an optimistic scenery about how the quality and quantity of energy a society demand can be met by renewable energy sources in the pursuit of social, economic and environmental development. / Esta disserta??o ? uma aprecia??o sobre a demanda residencial por fontes energ?ticas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesta disserta??o o objetivo principal ? demonstrar os benef?cios sociais, ambientais e econ?micos que as fontes de energia renov?veis proporcionam. Para atingir este objetivo, a metodologia utilizada foram as demonstra??es dos dados energ?ticos das fam?lias do Rio Grande do Sul atrav?s do Balan?o Energ?tico do Rio Grande do Sul e da Pesquisa de Or?amentos Familiares POF, publicada pelo IBGE. A presente disserta??o pretende tamb?m determinar a intensidade da elasticidade-renda para as fontes energ?ticas mais importantes do estado. Nesse sentido, o artigo utilizar-se-? de t?cnicas econom?tricas para a determina??o da elasticidade-renda no estado e compar?-la tamb?m com a perspectiva de crescimento econ?mico do estado em anos vindouros. Pela aplica??o destas metodologias os resultados demonstraram que a possibilidade de manter-se uma matriz energ?tica residencial majoritariamente de energias renov?veis, ? vi?vel. Assim, h? um cen?rio otimista sobre a forma como a qualidade e quantidade de energia que uma sociedade demanda, pode ser suprida por fontes energ?ticas renov?veis na busca pelo desenvolvimento social, econ?mico e ambiental.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 415969.pdf: 95862 bytes, checksum: 09a666a3f415ddd84c43c7044a366341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-13 / O presente trabalho trata dos poderes do relator nos recursos c?veis. A celeridade e efetividade jurisdicional tem sido perseguidas intensamente na ?ltima d?cada. Uma das formas pela qual se tem buscado alcan?ar tais desideratos ? o aumento dos poderes do relator nos recursos c?veis. A introdu??o de compet?ncia decis?ria ao ju?zo monocr?tico, em grau recursal, tem sido apregoada como uma modifica??o na estrutura dos tribunais. Esta possibilidade de julgamentos individuais em segundo grau iniciou-se a partir do recurso de agravo de instrumento, sendo, posteriormente al?ada aos demais, por for?a do art. 557 do C?digo de Processo Civil. Cumpre assim, abordar a compet?ncia dos relatores atribu?da pela nova dic??o da norma. Tamb?m o surgimento do agravo interno do art. 557, ?1? - A, merecer? destaque, uma vez que muitas quest?es continuam sendo tratadas de modo controvertido. Em cima destas situa??es e da evolu??o legislativa ocorrida, ser? feito um estudo baseado em pesquisa bibliogr?fica e jurisprudencial, buscando chegar a algumas conclus?es acerca de pontos importantes sobre o tema.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-25T13:24:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissserta??o final_Lucas Weber Dias.pdf: 2263503 bytes, checksum: ea9c29b6b538c56ea795610f7bc5a808 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-29T13:30:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissserta??o final_Lucas Weber Dias.pdf: 2263503 bytes, checksum: ea9c29b6b538c56ea795610f7bc5a808 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T13:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissserta??o final_Lucas Weber Dias.pdf: 2263503 bytes, checksum: ea9c29b6b538c56ea795610f7bc5a808 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The main function of the packaging is to protect the cosmetic from the external environment, avoiding undesirable changes in the product that is contained inside, and thus indispensable for its storage and transpotation. However, its disposal improperly generates a large volume of solid waste, which is directly related to the environmental impact. One of the alternatives to minimize this impact is the use of packages made from biodegradable polymeric films based on polyacrylic acid (PLA), poly (lactic acid ? co- glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), blends of theses polymers and incorporation of Zeolites 13x. The thermal, mechanical optical, water vapor barrier and degradation time in saline solution of polymeric systems are evaluated for application as cosmetic packaging. The technique used for the preparation of the polymer films was that of Solvent Casting. The polymer films were characterized by the techniques of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scsannig Electron Microscopy (SEM), transparency, water vapor permeability, mechanical assay and absorption spectroscopy atomic. The transmittance results showed that the PCL and PLA blends showed greater blockage to the passage of radiation (190 - 1100nm) and water vapor permeability. The incorporation of PLA or PLGA to the pure PCL resulted in material with batter thermal properties, but more rigid and brittle, not modifying the degradation process until 120 days of incubation. The incorporation of 15% Zeolite 13x into the PCL/PLA blends did not significantly modify the properties evaluated. / As embalagens t?m como principal fun??o, proteger o cosm?tico do meio externo, evitando que ocorram altera??es indesej?veis no produto que est? contido no seu interior, sendo assim indispens?vel para o seu armazenamento e transporte. Por?m, o seu descarte de forma inadequada gera um grande volume de res?duos s?lidos, que est? diretamente relacionado com o impacto ambiental. Uma das alternativas para minimizar este impacto ? a utiliza??o de embalagens confeccionadas a partir de pol?meros biodegrad?veis. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a prepara??o e caracteriza??o de filmes polim?ricos biodegrad?veis baseados em Poli ? ?cido l?ctico (PLA), Poli (?cido l?ctico ? co- ?cido glic?lico) (PLGA) e Policaprolactona (PCL), blendas destes pol?meros e incorpora??o de Ze?litas 13x. S?o avaliadas as propriedades t?rmicas, mec?nicas, ?pticas, de barreira a vapor de ?gua e o tempo de degrada??o em solu??o salina dos sistemas polim?ricos, visando aplica??o como embalagem para cosm?ticos. A t?cnica utilizada para a prepara??o dos filmes polim?ricos foi a de Solvent Casting. Os filmes polim?ricos foram caracterizados pelas t?cnicas de Espectrofotometria UV-Vis, Calorimetria Explorat?ria Diferencial (DSC), An?lise Termogravim?trica (TGA), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV-FEG), transpar?ncia, permeabilidade a vapor de ?gua, ensaio mec?nico e Espectroscopia de absor??o at?mica. Os resultados de transmit?ncia mostraram que a blenda de PCL e PLA apresentou maior bloqueio ? passagem de radia??o (190 nm ? 1100 nm) e ? permeabilidade de vapor de ?gua. A incorpora??o de PLA ou PLGA ao PCL puro resultou num material com melhores propriedades t?rmicas, por?m mais r?gido e quebradi?o, n?o modificando o processo de degrada??o at? 120 dias de incuba??o. A incorpora??o de 15% Ze?lita 13x ? blenda de PCL/PLA n?o modificou significativamente as propriedades avaliadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso_Lucas_Cotrim.pdf: 614830 bytes, checksum: 07658b0de6f1c452404bd8d7ef6bdc5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-06-01 / This study approaches the form of evaluation of the acquired goodwill and make other considerations on the goodwill developed internally in the companies, as well examine as the subsequent treatment to his evaluation. In the first chapter, it is make the introduction of the present study, where is made the historical considerations on the goodwill. Still in the first chapter it is exposed the context, the problem, the hypotheses, the objectives, the delimitation of the study, the justifications, the contributions and the research methodology used for the elaboration of this study. Being considering the goodwill an Intangible Assets, it is make soon afterwards an approach about the definition of Active Intangible, as well as his importance in the life of the companies. In the chapter III are examined some definitions of goodwill, as well the factors that do with that it exists, it is approached still some classifications attributed to the goodwill. In the chapter IV it is approached the form of evaluation of the goodwill when bought and some forms of evaluation of the goodwill when no bought, being included calculations exemplify. In the chapter V it is verified the relationship between the profit of a company and the existence of the goodwill. Soon afterwards are presented the forms of recognition accounting of the goodwill, as well as some comparative international practices. In the denominated chapter THE AGIO IN BRAZIL, are treated the registration forms and maintenance of the agio as active in the brazilian ambient, when in the study examples of her accountancy are included. Concluding the present study, are presented the conclusions on the theme / This study approaches the form of evaluation of the acquired goodwill and make other considerations on the goodwill developed internally in the companies, as well examine as the subsequent treatment to his evaluation. In the first chapter, it is make the introduction of the present study, where is made the historical considerations on the goodwill. Still in the first chapter it is exposed the context, the problem, the hypotheses, the objectives, the delimitation of the study, the justifications, the contributions and the research methodology used for the elaboration of this study. Being considering the goodwill an Intangible Assets, it is make soon afterwards an approach about the definition of Active Intangible, as well as his importance in the life of the companies. In the chapter III are examined some definitions of goodwill, as well the factors that do with that it exists, it is approached still some classifications attributed to the goodwill. In the chapter IV it is approached the form of evaluation of the goodwill when bought and some forms of evaluation of the goodwill when no bought, being included calculations exemplify. In the chapter V it is verified the relationship between the profit of a company and the existence of the goodwill. Soon afterwards are presented the forms of recognition accounting of the goodwill, as well as some comparative international practices. In the denominated chapter THE AGIO IN BRAZIL, are treated the registration forms and maintenance of the agio as active in the brazilian ambient, when in the study examples of her accountancy are included. Concluding the present study, are presented the conclusions on the theme / Este estudo aborda a forma de avalia????o do goodwill adquirido e faz outras considera????es sobre o goodwill desenvolvido internamente nas empresas, bem como examina o tratamento subseq??ente ?? sua mensura????o. No primeiro cap??tulo, faz-se a introdu????o do presente estudo, quando s??o feitas as considera????es hist??ricas sobre o goodwill. Ainda, no primeiro cap??tulo, exp??e-se o contexto, o problema, as hip??teses, os objetivos, a delimita????o do estudo, as justificativas, as contribui????es e a metodologia de pesquisa utilizada para a elabora????o deste estudo. Sendo considerando o goodwill um Ativo Intang??vel, faz-se em seguida uma abordagem sobre a defini????o de Ativo Intang??vel, bem como sua import??ncia na vida das empresas. No cap??tulo III s??o examinadas algumas defini????es de goodwill, bem como elencados fatores que fazem que ele exista. Exp??e-se, ainda, algumas classifica????es atribu??das ao goodwill. No capitulo IV aponta-se a forma de avalia????o do goodwill quando comprado e algumas formas de avalia????o do goodwill quando n??o comprado, incluindo-se c??lculos exemplificativos. No cap??tulo V verifica-se a rela????o entre o lucro de uma empresa e a exist??ncia do goodwill. Em seguida, s??o apresentadas as formas de reconhecimento cont??bil do goodwill, bem como algumas pr??ticas internacionais comparativas. No cap??tulo denominado O ??GIO NO BRASIL, s??o tratadas as formas de registro e manuten????o do ??gio como ativo no ambiente brasileiro, quando no estudo, s??o inclu??dos exemplos de sua contabiliza????o. Finalizando o presente estudo, s??o apresentadas as conclus??es sobre o tema.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Afonso.pdf: 180176 bytes, checksum: 6a44ffbe8a03a0e92d8796ca9099be39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-07 / The obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronicle disease present in 2% of general population. Its victims fells like they have been prisoners of behaviors and thoughts patterns usually exaggerated, repetitive and unpleasant. Stress is an adaptation organic response. The present study proposal is to describe the stress behavior classes in obsessive-compulsive patients. This study subjects were composed by ten adults (six women and four men), whose age were around 33 years old, previously considered an obsessive-compulsive patient by psychiatrics. The instruments used were the Informed Consent Form, The Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), The Interview Script, and The Identification Form for the patients. The results has shown that 9 participants presented stress, 7 in resistance and 2 in exhaustion phases, what illustrates how damage the stress behavior classes is when associated to obsessive-compulsive behaviors. The categorization used has identified common responses in The Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL) and interview script. According to the interview, the context variable analysis was able to identify the principal contingencies related to the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Feelings and behaviors related to worries about the other s thoughts, rejection, and the non-understanding feelings were also noticed among the answers, as the low-control behaviors, what can be associated to the repetition, no time organization and tiredness behaviors. Self-esteem and self-confidence difficulties could be detached, and as a consequence, there were many reports of guilty, anxious and low-pleasure feelings. It is important to stick out these results reflects this group data analysis, and they shouldn t be generalized. New researches focused on the stress response classes and the obsessive-compulsive disorder are crucial to develop a better quality attendance to these patients / O Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC) ? um transtorno cr?nico, que acomete cerca de 2% da popula??o em geral, em que o indiv?duo sente-se aprisionado por um padr?o de pensamentos e comportamentos repetitivos, exagerados e desagrad?veis. O stress ? uma rea??o do organismo frente a uma situa??o que exija uma adapta??o. O presente trabalho objetiva descrever as classes de comportamentos de stress freq?entes em pacientes diagnosticados com TOC. Participaram deste estudo 10 adultos, diagnosticados por m?dicos psiquiatras, com TOC, destes seis eram mulheres e quatro homens. A m?dia de idade dos participantes foi de 33 anos. Foram utilizados os seguintes materiais: termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido; question?rio de identifica??o; Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos (ISSL) e o roteiro de entrevista. No que se refere a resultados, nove dos dez participantes apresentam stress, destes sete encontram-se na fase de resist?ncia e dois na fase de exaust?o. O presente resultado ilustra o preju?zo que as classes de comportamentos de stress, associadas aos comportamentos obsessivos compulsivos provocam na vida destes indiv?duos. Foi poss?vel identificar, por meio da categoriza??o utilizada, certa regularidade nas respostas dos participantes, tanto com rela??o ?s quest?es do Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress, quanto ao roteiro de entrevista. Com base nos dados da entrevista, a an?lise das vari?veis de contexto permitiu a identifica??o das principais conting?ncias relacionadas ao TOC. Observaram-se sentimentos e comportamentos acerca da preocupa??o com o que o outro pensa, ao medo de desagradar e junto a isto sentimentos de incompreens?o. Tamb?m foi poss?vel notar comportamentos de baixo autocontrole, isto provavelmente em fun??o de comportamentos de repeti??o, dificuldade de organiza??o de tempo e do cansa?o. Destacam-se tamb?m comportamentos de baixa auto-estima e baixa autoconfian?a e em decorr?ncia destes, relatos indicativos de sentimentos de culpa, alta ansiedade e pouco prazer. ? importante ressaltar que esses resultados referem-se apenas ao estudo coletivo dos dados obtidos e portanto n?o devem ser generalizados. Novas pesquisas com a finalidade de compreender melhor as classes de respostas de stress e do Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo s?o necess?rias, a fim de se poder assegurar um atendimento de maior qualidade a esta popula??o

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-04-23T12:18:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467599 - Texto Completo.pdf: 13821810 bytes, checksum: 370f68bc59134286e2e5b7344802f1e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T12:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467599 - Texto Completo.pdf: 13821810 bytes, checksum: 370f68bc59134286e2e5b7344802f1e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Over recent years, the public policy proposition for sustainable schools has been establishing itself in Brazil, in order to transform elementary school institutions into sustainable education places, through encouraging sustainability education.The main purpose of this research consists in observe how the propositon for the sustainable school is constituting itself as a public policy in Brazil. This research also aims at understanding how the schools will be able to transform themselves into sustainable education places indeed and investigate if this proposition is capable of providing local movements of environmentalization.and ecologically correct attitudes.For this purpose, I spent those last two years as a teacher and reseacher searching for documents, I interviewed some people and I observed three schools from Sao Leopoldo, a metropolitan city near to Porto Alegre in Rio Grande do Sul,southern Brazil, in an attempt to understand and describe how the policy proposition for sustainable schools happens. I noticed that the environmentalization process is one of the inherent purposes of the policy for sustainable school, that helps to create sustainable educator places. as well as, it is a proposition that gives priority to the horizontal dialogue and encourages educational processes sensitizers. The children and Youth nacional conference on the Environment and the Committee for the Environment and Quality of life were identified as link between the proposition and the school and also bringing news partners.The proposition for the Sustainable School brings the Curriculum, the management and the physical spaceas shafts articulators, however was identified that without commited and available peoples these axles do not articulate.The training process was verified as essential to the strengthening of the policy, however this process needs to be present in all states of Brazil. The policy proposition for Sustainable Schools needs to be systemic to get succeed, strengthened by training process, legislation, conferences, committees, commited and availables teachers and, thereby provoker of local changes and, therefore, global. / Nos ?ltimos anos a proposta de pol?tica p?blica para Escolas Sustent?veis vem se firmando no Brasil, com o intuito de transformar as escolas de educa??o b?sica em espa?os educadores sustent?veis, atrav?s do incentivo ? educa??o para a sustentabilidade. O objetivo primordial desta pesquisa consiste em ver como a proposta de Escola Sustent?vel est? se constituindo como pol?tica p?blica no Brasil. Tamb?m busca compreender como as escolas poder?o se transformar em espa?os educadores sustent?veis efetivamente, assim como procura investigar se essa proposta ? capaz de proporcionar movimentos locais de ambientaliza??o e atitudes ecologicamente corretas. Para isso, durante os anos de 2013 e 2014, passei, como professora e, ent?o, pesquisadora, a percorrer documentos, conversar com pessoas e observar tr?s escolas do munic?pio de S?o Leopoldo/RS, na tentativa de compreender e descrever como a proposta de pol?tica para Escolas Sustent?veis acontece. Foi poss?vel perceber que o processo de ambientaliza??o ? um dos fins intr?nsecos da pol?tica para Escolas Sustent?veis, contribuindo para a constru??o de espa?os educadores sustent?veis, assim como, ? uma proposta que privilegia o di?logo horizontal e incentiva processos educativos sensibilizadores. A Confer?ncia Nacional Infantojuvenil pelo Meio Ambiente e a Comiss?o pelo Meio Ambiente e Qualidade de Vida foram assinaladas como os elos entre a proposta e a escola, sendo provocadores de novos engajamentos. A proposta para Escola Sustent?vel traz como eixos articuladores o curr?culo, a gest?o e o espa?o f?sico, por?m foi verificado que, sem a presen?a de pessoas engajadas e dispon?veis esses eixos n?o se articular?o. O processo formativo foi identificado como essencial para o fortalecimento da pol?tica, por?m ele precisa estar presente em todos os estados do Brasil. A proposta de pol?tica para Escolas Sustent?veis pode se efetivar se, seguindo os apontamentos da pesquisa, for sist?mica, fortalecida pelos processos formativos, legisla??o, confer?ncias, comiss?es, pessoas engajadas e dispon?veis e, com isso, provocadora de mudan?as locais e, consequentemente, globais.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-14T20:32:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468626 - Texto Completo.pdf: 36893570 bytes, checksum: f40ac0cf663ae01a836d6017460f63fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T20:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468626 - Texto Completo.pdf: 36893570 bytes, checksum: f40ac0cf663ae01a836d6017460f63fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Objective: to evaluate the stability of PLGA 50:50 formulations incorporated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) under different storage time and temperatures. Material and Methods: a total of 27 macrospheres of PLGA + rhGH were prepared using 7.5g of PLGA and 1,33mg of rhGH. Twenty-four of the 27 samples were equally divided into 4 groups (I, II, III and IV), according to the storage time, and two subgroups (A and F), according to the storage temperature prior to degradation. The remaining 3 samples were degraded immediately after its preparation (group 0). The concentration of rhGH released from the matrices was measured by UV-visible spectrophotometry absorption analysis. A calibration curve defined rhGH concentration values based on the final absorbance values. All colected data were submitted to descriptive and analytical statistical analysis with a confidence interval of 95% (p <0.05). Results: in general, the samples stored for different periods of time followed similar rhGH release rate of the samples belonged to group 0, with peaks of major and minor release rates and showing an important release until the 14th day of degradation, but no statistically significant differences between the study groups. Although higher absorbance values were constantly found for the matrices in subgroup F, the pattern of rhGH release was similar and no statistically significant difference was evident between the subgroups compared. The pH analysis revealed a lower pH for the matrices stored refrigerated, with no statistical difference. Conclusion: PLGA + rhGH formulations are stable. Until the 28th day, storage time and temperature do not affect the stability of the formulation. / Objetivo: avaliar a estabilidade das formula??es de PLGA 50:50 incorporadas com horm?nio de crescimento recombinante humano (rhGH) sob diferentes per?odos e temperaturas de armazenamento. Materiais e m?todos: um total 27 matrizes de PLGA + rhGH foram confeccionadas utilizando 7,5g de PLGA e e 1,33mg de rhGH. Vinte e quatro das 27 matrizes foram divididas igualmente em 4 grupos (I, II, III e IV), de acordo com o tempo de armazenamento, e em 2 subgrupos (A e F), de acordo com a temperatura de armazenamento previamente ? sua degrada??o. As 3 matrizes restantes foram degradas imediatamente ap?s sua confec??o (grupo 0). A concentra??o de rhGH liberado das matrizes foi mensurada em dias determinados atrav?s da an?lise de espectrofotometria de absor??o UV-vis?vel do sobrenadante removido do tubos de ensaio onde as matrizes foram degradadas. Uma curva de calibra??o definiu os valores de concentra??o de rhGH baseado nos valores finais de absorb?ncia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ? an?lises estat?sticas descritivas e anal?ticas com intervalo de confian?a de 95% (p<0,05). Resultados: em geral, as matrizes armazenadas por diferentes per?odos de tempo seguiram o mesmo padr?o de libera??o de rhGH das matrizes do grupo 0, com picos de maior e menor libera??o entre os dias avaliados e demonstrando uma libera??o expressiva at? o 14o dia de degrada??o, mas sem diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre grupos do estudo. Apesar de constantemente haver maiores valores de absorb?ncia para as matrizes do subgrupo F, o padr?o de libera??o de rhGH foi similar para os dois subgrupos, e n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significante entre os dois subgrupos comparados. A an?lise de pH revelou menor pH para as matrizes armazenadas em ambiente refrigerado, sem diferen?a estat?stica. Conclus?o: as formula??es de PLGA incorporadas com rhGH s?o est?veis. At? 28 dias, o tempo e a temperatura de armazenamento n?o influenciam na estabilidade da formula??o.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-07T13:31:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 471664 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1025603 bytes, checksum: cc2bf12cfe7084c63f710f9fd2c36364 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T13:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 471664 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1025603 bytes, checksum: cc2bf12cfe7084c63f710f9fd2c36364 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / The repair of injured peripheral nerves is one of the most difficult tasks in neurosurgery. Among the techniques used is distinguished using the artificial tube for nerve guidance during the regeneration process. The preparation of composites based on biodegradable polymers and conducting polymers related to growth factors, have been proposed as a promising approach for improving regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. However, it should be considered that during the regeneration process is necessary to have a control over the dosage and the time of release of the drug in question not to jeopardize the recovery process.In this work were based membranes prepared PLGA (lactic-co-glycolic poly-acid), polypyrrole (PPy) and Tacrolimus as a growth factor. Was reported as a factor of the process of degradation and the relationship between the composition of membrane PLGA / PPy / Tacrolimus with the release of the drug in the first days of incubation. It was found that membranes with higher PLGA thicker, resulting in a lower weight loss and delayed release of Tacrolimus. In this work PLGA membranes containing search polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy) and Tacrolimus, as a growth factor, were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The process of degradation and drug release were assessed 28 days of incubation. It was observed that membranes with a higher concentration of PLGA. / A repara??o de nervos perif?ricos lesionados ? uma das tarefas mais dif?ceis na neurocirurgia. Entre as t?cnicas utilizadas destaca-se a utiliza??o de tubos artificiais para orientar o nervo durante o processo de regenera??o. A prepara??o de comp?sitos baseados em pol?meros biodegrad?veis e pol?meros condutores, associados a fatores de crescimento, t?m sido proposta como uma abordagem promissora para melhorar a regenera??o de nervos perif?ricos lesionados. Por?m, deve ser considerado que durante o processo de regenera??o ? necess?rio ter um controle sobre a dosagem e o tempo de libera??o do f?rmaco em quest?o para n?o prejudicar o processo de recupera??o.Assim, neste trabalho foram preparadas membranas baseadas em PLGA (poli-?cido l?ctico-co-glic?lico), polipirrol (PPy) e Tacrolimus como fator de crescimento. Foi avaliado o processo de degrada??o e a rela??o entre a composi??o de membranas de PLGA/PPy/Tacrolimus com a libera??o do f?rmaco nos primeiros dias de incuba??o. Foi verificado que membrana com maior quantidade de PLGA, mais espessa, resultou numa menor perda massa e retardou a libera??o do tacrolimus. Neste trabalho de pesquisa membranas de PLGA contendo nanofibras de polipirrol (PPy) e Tacrolimus, como fator de crescimento, foram preparadas por meio da metodologia da evapora??o do solvente. O processo de degrada??o e a libera??o do f?rmaco foram avaliados durante 28 dias de incuba??o. Foi observado que membranas com uma maior concentra??o do PLGA.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-12-08T16:24:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 476571 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1876137 bytes, checksum: 9fe390eadadb7a4c4bb1e5c4f411b37c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-08T16:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 476571 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1876137 bytes, checksum: 9fe390eadadb7a4c4bb1e5c4f411b37c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / This study evaluates the electrochemical anodization process parameters in the formation of titanium nanotubes on titanium sheets in order to determine their implications on the morphology of the tubes and the film/substrate adhesion. The evaluated parameters were the anodization time, applied potential, water content in the electrolyte and the electrolyte stirring (ultrasound bath and magnetic agitation) in an ethylene glycol electrolyte with addition of ammonium fluoride. The obtained results were compared to those obtained from the anodization in an aqueous acid electrolyte (mixed solution of hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid). Analyzes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed for the morphological characterization of the samples. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to determine the composition and density profile of the different oxide layers formed. Tensile tests (pull out) were used in order to determine the adhesion of the titanium nanotubes to the substrate. The results showed that it is possible to form titanium nanotubes with various morphologies by changing the parameters of the electrolytic process. The average adhesive tension of nanotubes ranged from 2,82 ? 0,27 Mpa to 5,18 ? 3,61 MPa, however, it was not possible to observe a direct relationship between the morphologies formed and the obtained adhesive tension values. / No presente trabalho, foram estudados os par?metros do processo de anodiza??o eletroqu?mica para forma??o de nanotubos de tit?nio (NTT) sobre chapas de tit?nio a fim de determinar suas implica??es na morfologia dos tubos e na ades?o NTT/substrato. Os par?metros avaliados foram o tempo de anodiza??o, a tens?o de trabalho, o teor de ?gua no eletr?lito e o tipo de agita??o do eletr?lito (banho de ultrassom e magn?tica) usando um eletr?lito org?nico de etilenoglicol com adi??o de fluoreto de am?nia. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os de anodiza??es feitas em eletr?lito aquoso ?cido (mistura de ?cido fluor?drico com ?cido fosf?rico). Para a caracteriza??o morfol?gica das amostras, foram realizadas an?lises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (FEGMEV) e de transmiss?o (MET). Para a determina??o de um perfil de composi??o e densidade das diferentes camadas ?xidas formadas foi utilizada espectrometria de retroespalhamento Rutheford (RBS). Para determinar a ades?o dos NTT ao substrato de tit?nio foram utilizados testes de tra??o (pull out). Os resultados mostraram que ? poss?vel crescer NTT com diversas morfologias a partir das altera??es dos par?metros do processo eletrol?tico. As m?dias da tens?o adesiva dos NTT ao Ti apresentaram valores variando entre 2,82 ? 0,27 MPa e 5,18 ? 3,61 MPa, contudo n?o foi poss?vel observar uma rela??o direta entre as morfologias formadas e os valores de tens?o de ades?o obtidos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-12-28T12:22:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 458573 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3676265 bytes, checksum: 796a38fadce4a0d871cc457059630e2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-28T12:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 458573 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3676265 bytes, checksum: 796a38fadce4a0d871cc457059630e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Peripheral nerve injury results in functional loss in the innervated organ, and recovery without surgical intervention is rare. Many surgical techniques can be used for nerve repair. Among these, the tubulization technique can be highlighted: this allows regenerative factors to be introduced into the chamber. Biomaterials and neurotrophic factors are indicated as a therapeutic alternative for reconstruction of peripheral nerves. Objective: To develop a nanotextured absorbable tube of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and to evaluate its effect with and without tacrolimus on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Materials and Methods: Nanotextured absorbable PLGA tubes and films with and without incorporation of tacrolimus are developed, which were characterized in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and effectiveness as technical tubing were fabricated. The in vivo experiment in which 88 rats were used, occurred in two stages: the copolymers with and without tacrolimus were implanted in 63 animals to evaluate the biocompatibility; a defect of 10mm sciatic nerve was created in the remaining 25 animals were divided into three groups according to treatment: autograft (5), tubulization with PLGA (10), tubulization with PLGA and tacrolimus (10). Walking Track and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: Nanotextured PLGA films, containing tacrolimus or not, differ from the negative control cell viability in vitro assays (p=0.000). The film containing tacrolimus was significantly improved, regardless of the time, when compared to the film without the drug (p=0.026). In vivo biocompatibility evaluation demonstrated a surrounding tissue to PLGA implants with acute inflammation, which was decreasing the long 90 days evaluation. It was evident less collagen deposition in both biomaterials, p ? 0.020 seven days after the implants were inserted. The PLGA tube without tacrolimus had smaller average response to the thickness of the myelin sheath compared to autograft and the tube containing tacrolimus in proximal, medial and distal segments (p<0.05). In functional assessment of the recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats, the group of PLGA without tacrolimus significantly differed from the 90 days autograft group (p= 0.0020). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the combination of tacrolimus and PLGA promoted the regeneration of rat sciatic nerves, and this can be a powerful alternative to clinical use in peripheral nerve injuries. / Introdu??o: Les?es em nervos perif?ricos resultam na perda de fun??o do ?rg?o inervado e raramente apresentam recupera??o sem a interven??o cir?rgica. Uma das formas de reparo ? a t?cnica de tubuliza??o, atrav?s da qual ? poss?vel acrescentar fatores com capacidade regenerativa. Nesse contexto, biomateriais e fatores neurotr?ficos s?o indicados como uma alternativa terap?utica para reconstru??o de nervos perif?ricos. Objetivo: Desenvolver tubo nanotexturizado absorv?vel composto por poli (?cido l?ctico-co-?cido glic?lico), e avaliar seu efeito sem e com incorpora??o de tacrolimus sobre a regenera??o de nervo perif?rico em ratos. Materiais e M?todos: Foram confeccionados tubos nanotexturizados absorv?veis de PLGA com e sem incorpora??o de tacrolimus, que foram caracterizados in vitro e in vivo quanto ? biocompatibilidade, biodegrada??o e efic?cia como t?cnica de tubuliza??o. O experimento in vivo, no qual foram utilizados 88 ratos, ocorreu em 2 etapas: os copol?meros sem e com incorpora??o de tacrolimus foram implantados em 63 animais para avaliar a biocompatibilidade; um defeito de 10mm no nervo ci?tico foi criado nos 25 animais restantes, os quais foram divididos em tr?s grupos conforme o tratamento: enxerto aut?logo (5), tubuliza??o com tubo PLGA (10) e tubuliza??o com tubo PLGA e tacrolimus (10). Foram realizados Teste de Marcha e an?lise histomorfom?trica. Resultados: As membranas de PLGA, contendo ou n?o tacrolimus, diferiram do controle negativo nos ensaios de viabilidade celular in vitro (p=0,000); a membrana contendo tacrolimus foi significativamente melhor, independentemente do tempo, quando comparada ? membrana sem o f?rmaco (p=0,026). Na avalia??o da biocompatibilidade in vivo, o tecido circunjacente aos implantes de PLGA apresentaram inflama??o aguda, que foi decrescendo ao longo dos 90 dias de avalia??o. Em 7 dias ap?s os implantes serem inseridos, evidenciou-se menor deposi??o de col?geno nos dois biomateriais quando comparado aos demais per?odos (p ? 0,020). O tubo de PLGA sem tacrolimus teve m?dia menor em rela??o ? espessura da bainha de mielina comparado ao enxerto aut?logo e ao tubo contendo tacrolimus nos segmentos proximal, medial e distal (p < 0,05). Na avalia??o funcional da recupera??o do nervo ci?tico de ratos, o grupo de PLGA sem tacrolimus diferiu significativamente do grupo enxerto aut?logo (em 90 dias | p= 0,0021), com menores ?ndices de fun??o ci?tica. Conclus?o: o presente estudo sugere que a combina??o de PLGA e tacrolimus favoreceu a regenera??o de nervo ci?tico de rato, e esta poder? ser uma potente alternativa para aplica??o cl?nica em les?es de nervos perif?ricos.