As defesas da reforma agrária, no Brasil, é o mote para estudar o relacionamento cidade-campo no desenvolvimento do capitalismo. A primeira parte mostra que os inúmeros argumentos pró-reforma agrária, em essência, reduzem- se a apenas a uma alegada capacidade para atingir três objetivos: 1) produto: aumentar a oferta de produtos do campo; 2) renda: aumentar a demanda pelos produtos industriais; e, 3) emprego: conter o êxodo rural. A segunda parte apresenta o resultado de outra extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, agora nos trabalhos de Lênin. Ela começa por mostrar a maneira como esse autor tratou cada um daqueles objetivos e que a reforma agrária não tem qualquer relacionamento com eles. Mostra, em seguida, que, no capitalismo não existe a possibilidade de um desenvolvimento não-capitalista do campo. Termina por mostrar que há, em Lênin, um critério bem definido para determinar o tipo de intervenção no campo que o marxista deve realizar. A terceira parte, com base em alguns autores sobre o desenvolvimento do campo, no Brasil, alguns deles inclusive defensores da reforma agrária, mostra que, de acordo com o critério estabelecido por Lênin, não faz o menor sentido propor uma reforma agrária. / This text, well-grounded on Lenin\'s early writings, before 1917 revolution, is a study about Agrarian Reform like an instrument to reach so publicized targets in agricultural economic literature: to widen the market, to expand production and to avoid rural exodus. This study\'s conclusion, the main thesis, is the following: 1) the Agrarian Reform is not an effective instrument to reach those targets; 2) is not an orthodox marxist-leninist proposal; 3) on Leninist perspective, the sound proposal is the land nationalization; 4) but it ought to be defended before the bourgeois revolution in the rural sector; 5) the radical suppression of private property of land is an instrument of political struggle, extinction of latifundium class, to hasten capital penetration in the rural sector; 6) the land nationalization target is to improve the triumph of large production, rather than social work; 7) on Leninist perspective, neither land nationalization nor land reform are sound proposals to Brazil in nowadays.

Phase transitions and other intrinsic properties (shape, size, architecture) of molecularly structured aerosol particles are important for understanding their role in planetary atmospheres and for technical applications. By combining bath gas cooling with time resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy and modeling, information is obtained on dynamic processes and intrinsic properties of fluoroform and ethane aerosol particles. The distinct infrared spectral features of fluoroform aerosol particles make it a particularly suitable model system. Homogeneous crystallization rates of the sub-micron sized aerosol particles are determined (JV = 10⁸ - 10¹⁰ cm-³s-¹ or JS = 10³ – 10⁵ cm-²s-¹ at a temperature of T = 78 K), and the controversial question regarding volume versus surface nucleation in freezing aerosols is addressed. It is demonstrated that current state of the art measurements of droplet ensembles cannot distinguish between the two mechanisms due to inherent experimental uncertainties. The evolution of particle shape from spherical supercooled droplets to cube-like crystalline particles and eventually to elongated crystalline particles is recorded and analyzed in detail with the help of vibrational exciton model calculations. Phase behaviour of pure ethane aerosols and ethane aerosols formed in the presence of other ice nuclei under conditions mimicking Titan’s atmosphere provide evidence for the formation of supercooled liquid ethane aerosol droplets, which subsequently crystallize. The observed homogeneous freezing rates (JV = 10⁷ – 10⁹ cm-³s-¹) imply that supercooled ethane could play a similar role in ethane rich regions of Titan’s atmosphere as supercooled water does in the Earth’s atmosphere. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

This work deals with customer loyalty and loyalty programmes in areas of buying chemist goods, clothing, footwear and groceries. The main objective of this work is to compare the approach of English and Czech customers to loyalty programmes in these areas. The intention of the analysis is to discover whether the approach to loyalty programmes in these two countries varies and what are the major differences. Does using a loyalty programme really affect customer loyalty? Who are more loyal, Czech or English customers? The aim is also to find out how customers use their loyalty programs, what kind of rewards are the most attractive for them and what personal information are they willing to provide when they sign up for loyalty programmes. The analysis also aims to pose these same questions to multi-brand partnership programmes and also mobile applications. This work can therefore benefit companies operating in both Czech and English markets to adapt their loyalty programs to be most effective.

The overall purpose of this licentiate dissertation is to advance our understanding of the auditor by creating a concept of the auditor through focusing on auditors' own perceptions and understandings of their work in relation to boundary-setting forces. The audit profession, the audit firm, the client, society, regulations, and the market are all boundary-setting forces that influence the work of auditors and how auditors perceive and understand their work. The concept of the auditor consists of who the auditor is and what the auditor does; this concept is shaped interactively by the boundary-setting forces, that exist in the auditors’ environment and by the auditors themselves, through the view auditors have of themselves and their environment. The boundary-setting forces have in recent decades undergone significant and rapid changes; for example, increased commercialization as well as significant regulatory changes, which are expected to have influenced the concept of the auditor. The concept of the auditor therefor needs to be explored to understand who today’s auditor is and what today's auditor does. This licentiate dissertation consists of three appended papers and a comprehensive summary. The appended papers constitute the basis for discussing who the auditor is and what the auditor does, thereby contributing to the concept of the auditor. This dissertation uses boundaries in exploring the concept of the auditor, since it is when the auditor encounters the boundaries of being an auditor that the auditor’s conception of an auditor becomes clear. This dissertation has a mixed-methods design based on survey and interview data. The results of this dissertation show that there are several characteristics that define who the auditor is. The auditor: is highly driven by professional values is less driven by business values is genuinely interested in auditor work is resistant to stress, heavy workload, and work–life balance issues is admiring the audit profession and perceiving it as highly professional is perceiving professional values in adding value to the client, i.e., in the business activities is enjoying adding value to the client is more motivated by contributing to the client than to society has high social skills and broad knowledge The results of this dissertation also show that the work of the auditor in the "grey area" between auditing and consulting comprises several activities. The auditor: adds value to the client by being available and engaged, by providing mental support and family mediation, by informing and discussing, by giving tips, advice, and suggestions, by explaining, answering questions, raising questions, and questioning, and by customizing, operating, developing, and contributing expertise to the client conducts a wide range of services, also related to the private and personal matters of the client has counselling, pedagogical, coaching and/or developmental roles / Det övergripande syftet med denna licentiatavhandling är att främja vår förståelse för revisorn genom att skapa ett begrepp för revisorn baserat på revisorers egna uppfattningar och förståelser av deras arbete i förhållande till gränssättande krafter. Revisorsprofessionen, revisionsbyrån, klienten, samhället, regleringar och marknaden är alla gränssättande krafter som påverkar revisorers arbete och hur revisorer uppfattar och förstår sitt arbete. Revisorsbegreppet består av vem revisorn är och vad revisorn gör, och formas interaktivt av de gränssättande krafter som finns i revisorernas omgivning och av revisorer själva genom deras syn på sig själva och sin omgivning. De gränssättande krafterna har under de senaste decennierna genomgått betydande och snabba förändringar, med till exempel ökad kommersialisering samt betydande regleringsändringar, vilket förväntas ha påverkat revisorsbegreppet. Således måste begreppet för revisorn utforskas för att förstå vem dagens revisor är och vad dagens revisor gör. Denna licentiatavhandling består av tre artiklar och en kappa. De bifogade artiklarna utgör grunden för diskussionen om vem revisorn är och vad revisorn gör, och bidrar därmed till begreppet för revisorn. Denna avhandling använder gränser för att utforska revisorsbegreppet, eftersom det är när revisorn möter gränsen för att vara revisor, som revisorns uppfattning om en revisor blir tydlig. En design med blandad metod används och det empiriska materialet består av enkät- och intervjudata. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att det finns flera faktorer som definierar vem revisorn är. Revisorn: är starkt driven av professionella värden är mindre driven av affärsvärden är genuint intresserad av arbetet som revisor är motståndskraftig mot stress, arbetsbelastning och obalans mellan arbete och privatliv beundrar professionen och uppfattar revisionsyrket som mycket professionellt ser professionella värden i att skapa mervärde till klienter tycker om att skapa mervärde till klienten är mer motiverad av att bidra till klienten än samhället har höga sociala färdigheter och bred kunskap Resultaten av denna avhandling visar också att revisorns arbete i den gråa zonen mellan revision och konsultation omfattar flera aktiviteter. Revisorn: tillför mervärde för klienten genom att vara tillgänglig, engagerad, ett mentalt stöd och en familjemedlare och genom att informera, diskutera, ge tips, råd och förslag, förklara, svara på frågor, ställa frågor och ifrågasätta, klientanpassa, agera, utveckla, och bidra med expertis till kunden. bedriver ett brett utbud av tjänster, även relaterade till klientens privata och personliga frågor. kan ha en terapeutisk, pedagogisk, coachande och/eller utvecklande roll

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Pressure ulcers (PUs) present intrinsic risk factors that are not consistently identified by clinical assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG) to provide nurses with guidance in identifying and differentiating how intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors are associated with populations at risk for developing avoidable and unavoidable PUs. CPG development followed a systematic method to search the literature, organize findings, and assess the strength of the resulting evidence and its applicability to the CPG. Quality of the CPG was assessed by a panel of 8 health care professionals using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument. Findings of the assessment indicated a high overall quality of the CPG; its immediate use was recommended and systematic evaluation was suggested to promote usage in a wider array of health care contexts. The quality domains with the highest scores were scope, purpose, applicability, editorial independence (all 100%), rigor of development (99.7%), and clarity of presentation (99.3%). The stakeholder involvement domain demonstrated the lowest--yet still robust--score (94.4%). The CPG can be used to emphasize appropriate and specific nursing competencies for making informed decisions when identifying and describing patients at risk for developing PUs. Further research and evaluation of the use of this CPG will be useful to demonstrate how CPGs can help to decrease the incidence of avoidable PUs. The potential for positive social change relative to the prevention of PUs is high. Decreased incidence of preventable PUs will eliminate unnecessary health care costs and improve overall health outcomes of patients at all levels of socioeconomic status.

No description available.

In this educational study, the research problem was that each semester a variable number of community college students are unable to complete an introductory computer applications course at a community college in the state of Mississippi with a successful course letter grade. Course failure, or non-success, at the collegiate level is a negative event for students and is a factor that leads to high attrition but does not always receive much research (Haynes Stewart et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to see if a relationship existed between ACT scores (i.e., English, reading, mathematics, science reasoning, and composite) and student success in a computer applications course at a Mississippi community college. The first research question examined to see if the ACT composite test score was a statistically significant predictor of success in a computer applications course at a Mississippi community college. The second research question studied the ACT sub scores in English, reading, mathematics, and science reasoning to see if they were statistically significant predictors of success in the same course. Demographics of the sample were gathered from a multi-campus Mississippi community college along with the ACT scores and final grade in the computer applications class of the sample. Descriptive statistics were run and reported on the demographic data while bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to examine predictability of the ACT scores in relation to course final grade. The time period covered by this study was from fall 2010 through spring 2012 excluding the summer semesters. The study showed that while the ACT scores were excellent predictors of inclusion in the success category, the ACT scores did a very poor job of predicting non-success. The study concluded with a summary of the findings as well as limitations of the study. Also discussed were recommendations for practitioners and policy makers to include making the information available to students, teachers, advisors, and administration as an advisement tool when deciding to take the computer applications class. As well, recommendations for future research include treating withdrawals separately, examining multiple schools for differences, and increasing internal validity.

Introduction L’allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques est un traitement avec un potentiel curatif chez une minorité de patients ayant un diagnostic myélome multiple. Malheureusement, ce traitement est associé à un taux élevé de complications, incluant une probabilité élevée de rechute et/ou de GVH chronique limitant. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de déterminer si un entretien au bortezomib (BTZ) post-allogreffe permet de diminuer l’incidence et la sévérité de la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte (GVH) chronique. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’évaluer la prise d’immunosuppresseur, de déterminer l’atteinte d’organe et la survie (OS et PFS) chez les patients ayant reçu ou pas du BTZ en entretien. Méthodes Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous avons comparé 46 patients ayant reçu du BTZ en entretien post-allogreffe à 61 patients n’ayant pas reçu d’entretien. Nous avons étudié l’impact du BTZ sur l’incidence et la sévérité de la GVH chronique en utilisant les critères du NIH de 2014. Résultats À 2 ans, l’incidence globale (61.2% vs 83.6%, p=0.001) et modérée/sévère (44.5% vs 77.0%, p=0.001) de GVH chronique était significativement inférieure chez les patients ayant reçu du BTZ en entretien. Les atteintes buccale (43% vs 67%, p=0.018) et ophtalmique (9% vs 41%, p=0.001) étaient diminuées de manière significative lors du diagnostic initial de la GVH chronique chez ces patients ayant reçu un entretien post-allogreffe. Une diminution de l’usage des immunosuppresseurs, dont les corticostéroïdes systémiques (45.1% vs 76.4%, p<0.001), du mycophenolate mofetil (15.5% vs 28.2%, p=0.031) et du tacrolimus (34.5% vs 70.6%, p<0.001) a été observée chez les patients ayant reçu le BTZ. La probabilité d’être vivant et sans immunosuppresseur à 3 ans post-allogreffe était de 77% chez les patients de la cohorte BTZ et 56% dans la cohorte contrôle (p=0.046). Conclusion En conclusion, un entretien avec du BTZ post-allogreffe permet de diminuer l’incidence et la sévérité de la GVH chronique. Ceci devrait donc être considéré comme une option valide chez les patients avec un myélome multiple traités avec une allogreffe. / Background Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) has curative potential in myeloma but remains hampered by high rates of relapse and chronic GVHD. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine if BTZ maintenance decreases the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD using NIH criteria. The secondary endpoints were to determine the immunosuppression burden, organ involvement and survival (OS, PFS) in patients receiving or not BTZ. Study Design In this retrospective study, we compared the outcome of 46 myeloma patients who received BTZ after upfront tandem auto-allo HCT to 61 patients without maintenance. We explored the impact of bortezomib (BTZ) maintenance on incidence and severity of chronic GVHD using the 2014 NIH criteria. Results At 2 years, incidences of overall (61.2% vs 83.6%, p=0.001) and moderate/severe chronic GVHD (44.5% vs 77.0%, p=0.001) were significantly lower in BTZ recipients who had less mouth (43% vs 67%, p=0.018) and eyes (9% vs 41%, p=0.001) involvement at initial diagnosis. We report a lower use of systemic steroids (45.1% vs 76.4%, p<0.001), mycophenolate mofetil (15.5% vs 28.2%, p=0.031) and tacrolimus (34.5% vs 70.6%, p<0.001) in BTZ recipients. Probability of being alive and off systemic immunosuppressants at 3 years was 77% in BTZ recipients and 56% in controls (p=0.046). Conclusion In summary, BTZ maintenance improved incidence and severity of chronic GVHD and should be considered as a valid option in myeloma patients receiving upfront tandem auto-allo HCT.

This dissertation investigates the roles of facial cues in consumer behavior. Specifically, the research examines the effect of facial structural resemblance, facial expressions, and other perceptual cues—in both individual and group settings—on consumer judgment and decision-making. Essay 1 examines the influence of facial resemblance on consumers* product purchase likelihood. This effect is moderated by consumers* mental construal, such that the effect of increased facial resemblance on product purchase likelihood occurs among consumers with high-level construals but not among those with low-level construals. Results of three experimental studies show that increased facial resemblance among team members enhances the perceived entitativity of the group, which in turn leads to more favorable intention of purchasing the product offered by the group. Essay 2 investigates the differential effects of recipients* group entitativity on two types of donation (time vs. money). Through three studies, the research demonstrates that high (versus low) group entitativity among the recipients increases donation of time but decreases donation of money. Such differential effects on donation of time versus money are driven by consumers* emotional or cognitive well-being associated with time or money donations. In essay 3, the effect of smile intensity on customer behavior is shown to be moderated by power and salience of ulterior motive. When employees* ulterior motive is not salient to customers, low-power customers evaluate the employee with intensified smiles more favorably compared to high-power customers. In contrast, when ulterior motive is made salient, high-power rather than low-power customers react more positively to smile intensity. Results show that the interactive effects between smile, power, and ulterior motive are driven by customers* warmth and competence perceptions. Collectively, this dissertation focuses on consumers* face-based judgments of individuals and teams, and investigates how such facial cues might influence consumers* attitude, purchase intention, and prosocial behavior.