Rabies management can be described as successful only if examined through a human health perspective. Negating companion animal health outcomes in rabies management creates systemic failures as cats and dogs are significant within our society and bridge humans and wildlife in rabies transmission. A shifting pet ownership culture has created opportunities for increased rabies risk. This thesis applied the One Health concept to the rabies management system in an Ontario municipality. The One Health concept considers that the health of humans is inherently connected to the health of companion animals and their shared environment. A mixed methods design informed a visual conceptualization of the rabies management system. Factors influencing human and companion animal health outcomes were identified through multivariable logistic regression models. The human outcome of interest was the recommendation of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis after a potential rabies exposure by a companion animal; the companion animal outcomes were receiving a post-incident rabies vaccine, being euthanized for rabies testing and being placed under observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with private veterinarians to understand their perceived role in rabies management. Rabies management is more complex than linear interactions and processes that occur to protect human health. An explicit link between the human and companion animal health outcomes was found. Companion animal species appeared as an influential factor and indicates that ownership practices differ between cats and dogs. This implies that veterinarians are not effectively leveraged as the link between public health and pet owners. Indeed, veterinarian’s approach their rabies management roles based on their prioritization of the seriousness of rabies compared to the risk. Through the application of One Health thinking to the municipal rabies management system, it is clear that there is a public-private divide where mitigating human rabies exposures conflicts with the prevention of rabies in companion animals.

Abstract Rainer Stenius (1892–1955) was one of the key figures of Finland’s veterinary profession, who during his career was involved in every aspect of any activity concerning veterinarians. At the peak of his career and his power in the late 1940s he was at the same time the veterinary office manager for animal health at the ministry of agriculture, the president of the Finnish Veterinary Association and the executive director of the College of veterinary medicine. I study Stenius’ activities and his exercise of power in the field of veterinary medicine during 1918–1951. The period was a time of powerful change in medication practices and diagnostics as well as in scientific thought. Women came alongside men in the profession and the College of veterinary medicine was established. I will examine these phenomena through Rainer Stenius, which makes my research two-fold: on the other hand it is history of science and on the other, ideological and personal history which follows an individual’s activities, perceptions and feelings. My principal sources are Stenius’ correspondence, Finnish Veterinary Journal, minutes of meetings as well as memoirs and oral history. I interpret the material through a cultural historical perspective, trying to understand the way past people interacted with each other and their communities. I will show in my research that Stenius was a determined developer of veterinary medicine and at the same time an active authority, who treated his colleagues differently according to his personal preferences. However the disputes between Stenius and his colleagues were often also related to tensions in the veterinary profession and to transition points in the whole field of veterinary medicine. Formally Stenius had power only as an authority and an expert. In practice, he projected his expert power to use economic and political power, even if Stenius acted as being above special interests as a neutral expert. By increasing the visibility and the resources of veterinary medicine, Stenius expanded and maintained his role and the significance of his profession in the society, influencing legislation and justifying significant resources to combat animal disease. / Tiivistelmä Rainer Stenius (1892–1955) oli yksi Suomen eläinlääkärikunnan avainhenkilöistä, joka oli työuransa aikana mukana kaikessa eläinlääkäreitä koskevassa toiminnassa. Uransa ja valtansa huipulla 1940-luvun lopulla hän oli samanaikaisesti maatalousministeriön eläinlääkintöosaston eläintautitoimiston päällikkö, Suomen Eläinlääkäriyhdistyksen puheenjohtaja ja Eläinlääketieteellisen korkeakoulun toiminnanjohtaja. Tutkin Steniuksen toimintaa ja vallankäyttöä eläinlääketieteen kentällä vuosina 1918–1951. Ajanjakso oli eläinlääketieteessä voimakkaan muutoksen aikaa niin lääkityskäytännöissä ja diagnoosien teossa kuin tieteellisessä ajattelussakin, naiset tulivat tuona aikana miesten rinnalle ja Suomeen perustettiin eläinlääketieteellistä opetusta antava korkeakoulu. Tarkastelen näitä ilmiöitä Rainer Steniuksen kautta, jolloin työni on tavallaan kaksijakoinen: toisaalta se on tieteenhistoriaa, toisaalta yksilön toimintaa, käsityksiä ja tunteita valottavaa aate- ja henkilöhistoriaa. Päälähteitäni ovat Steniuksen kirjeenvaihto, Suomen Eläinlääkärilehti, kokouspöytäkirjat sekä muistelmat ja muistitieto. Tulkitsen aineistoani kulttuurihistoriallisesta näkökulmasta pyrkien ymmärtämään menneisyyden ihmisten tapaa merkityksellistää vuorovaikutusta toistensa ja yhteisönsä kanssa. Osoitan tutkimuksessani, että Stenius oli määrätietoinen eläinlääketieteen kehittäjä ja samalla aktiivinen vallankäyttäjä, joka kohteli kollegoitaan eriarvoisesti omien henkilökohtaisten mieltymystensä mukaan. Kuitenkin Steniuksen ja hänen kollegojensa välisissä kiistoissa oli usein kyse myös eläinlääkärin ammattiin liittyvistä jännitteistä ja koko tieteenalan murroskohdista. Muodollisesti Steniuksella oli vain auktoriteetti- ja asiantuntijavaltaa. Käytännössä hän käytti asiantuntijavallan avulla myös taloudellista ja poliittista valtaa, vaikka esiintyi erityisintressien yläpuolella olevana neutraalina asiantuntijana ja yleisen edun vaalijana. Lisätessään eläinlääketieteen näkyvyyttä ja sen saamia resursseja Stenius samalla laajensi ja säilytti omaa ja oman ammattikuntansa yhteiskunnallista roolia ja merkitystä, esimerkiksi vaikuttaessaan lainsäädäntöön tai perustellessaan merkittäviä määrärahoja eläintautien torjuntaan.

No description available.

This study examines lived experiences of veterinarians. A common feature of being a veterinarian is curing and caring for nonhuman animals. It is the love and connection most veterinarians share for animals that ignite their journey to become an animal doctor. Data collected during semi-structured interviews with 17 veterinarians reveal that there are many more intricacies to the job than just animal medicine. These veterinarians suggest that they must treat animals as learning tools during veterinary training and once they complete school, they deal with people and business on a regular basis. Most veterinarians would like their jobs to be animal-centric, but these data show that they are not.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The veterinary industry is operating in a highly regulated environment. Up till now these regulations prevented veterinarians to freely market veterinary services, especially professional services. Every business person in the biggest part of the world is subject to free-market economic pressures. However in the case of the professional, who is also a business person, these economic market-pressures could become very intense and unbalanced, and lead to what is called the “professional dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professional persons are governed by their respective codes of conduct. Those professionals who practice as entrepreneurs therefore need to be more business skilled and creative to successfully manage their businesses as they do not have the luxury of utilising the normal business strategies and options. The state of professionalism within the veterinary profession in South Africa in terms of entrepreneurship has been addressed in the past, but there is still a major gap in terms of providing business tools to managers in the veterinary industry. The biggest challenge in terms of the general business functions faced by veterinarians is the marketing function, thus the reason for this study. It is necessary that the highly regulated environments of professionals being understood. Therefore the research has been conducted by highlighting these environments. The researcher then continues to analyse the internal and external environment, client needs and customer profile in order to identify ways of optimising marketing opportunities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veeartseny industrie word bedryf in ‘n hoogs gereguleerde omgewing. Hierdie regulasies het veeartse tot nou toe verhoed om dienste, veral professionele dienste, vrylik te bemark. Besigheidspersone regoor die wêreld verkeer onder vryemark ekonomiese druk. In die geval van die professionele persoon, wat ook ‘n besigheidspersoon is, kan die ekonomiese druk baie intens en ongebalansseerd word. Daar word verwys na die “professionele dilemma” (Du Preez, 2003: 8). Professionele persone word gereguleer deur hul onderskeie kodes. Daardie professionele persone wat praktiseer as entrepreneurs moet dus oor meer besigheids- en kreatiewe vaardighede beskik om hul besigheid suksesvol te bestuur. Hulle het nie die luuksheid om die algemene strategiee te benut nie. Die stand van professionalisme in die veeartsenyprofessie in Suid- Afrika in terme van entrepeneurskap is al voorheen aangespreek, maar daar is nog steeds gapings ten opsigte van die beskikbaarstelling van besigheidsvaardighede aan bestuurders in die bedryf. Die grootste uitdaging in terme van besigheidsfunksies wat veeartse in die gesig staar, is die bemarkingsfunksie. Dit is dus die rede vir hierdie studieprojek. Dit is belangrik dat die hoogs gereguleerde omgewing van professionele persone verstaan word. Die studie begin dus deur hierdie verskillende omgewings te skets. Die studie skenk verder aandag aan die ontleding van die interne en eksterne omgewings, klientebehoeftes en –profiel om maniere te vind om bemarkingsgeleenthede binne regulasies ten volle te kan benut.

Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Appendix 6: Paper presented at the 15th New Zealand Ergonomics Society Conference: Ergonomics for the Ageing Population, Martinborough. Scuffham, A., Stevenson, M., Legg, S. & Firth, E. Prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand small animal veterinarians. In: 15th New Zealand Ergonomics Society Conference: Ergonomics for the Ageing Population. Eds R. G. Adank & L. Gardner Wood. Martinborough, New Zealand Ergonomics Society. 27-28 May, 2009, [CD-ROM]. Appendix 7: Paper presented at the Society of Diary Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 26th annual conference, Rotorua. Scuffham, A., Firth, E., Stevenson, M., & Legg, S. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand large animal veterinarians. In: Proceedings of the Society of Dairy Cattle Veterinarians of the New Zealand Veterinary Association 26th annual conference. Ed. T. Parkinson. VetLearn, Palmerston North. 24-27 June 2009, pg 201-204. Appendix 8: Paper presented at the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Taupo. Scuffham, A., Firth, E., Stevenson, M. & Legg, S. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand equine veterinarians. In: Proceedings of the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association of the NZVA Annual Conference. Ed. M Leyland. VetLearn, Palmerston North. 24-27 June 2009, pg 163. Appendix 9: Paper presented at the 17th International Ergonomics Association World Congress on Ergonomics, Beijing. Musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand (non-clinical) veterinarians. Scuffham, A., Legg, S., Stevenson, M. & Firth, E. (9-14 August, 2009). [CD-ROM] / This thesis comprises three chapters about musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) in veterinarians. Two of these chapters have been submitted to peer reviewed journals and one is in preparation for submission. The first chapter describes the prevalence and risk factors associated with MSD in New Zealand veterinarians. The second chapter is a paper on the tasks considered by veterinarians to cause MSD. The third chapter is a review of published literature on musculoskeletal problems (MSP) in veterinarians. The first chapter in this thesis describes a cross-sectional study of 867 New Zealand veterinarians. We used a modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to enquire about the presence or absence of MSD, whether this affected normal activities and if MSD necessitated absenteeism from work. Additional questions enquired about work activities, psychosocial factors and workload. The overall period prevalence of MSD was 96%. Normal activities were affected in 67% and 18% of participants reported that they had been absent from work due to MSD. Factors associated with the presence of MSD requiring time off work for clinical veterinarians included 10 year increases in age (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.52), work involving awkward grip and hand movements 100% of time (OR 12.91, 95% CI 3.46 – 84.21) and those who were dissatisfied with the level and difficulty of their work (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.11 - 6.56). In the second chapter in this thesis, veterinarians were asked to indicate tasks that they considered ‘most likely to lead to musculoskeletal aches and pains’ and ‘why these tasks were likely to be the most risky’. They were also asked to suggest ‘any solutions that they applied or knew of’ to reduce musculoskeletal aches and pains. They identified the following tasks: lifting, surgery, rectal palpations and animal handling. Their reasons were primarily related to physical risk factors. Few identified psychosocial risk factors. The most common suggested solutions involved training and selection strategies rather than redesign of tasks, activities or facilities. These findings are consistent with a participatory ergonomics approach for reducing the risk of MSD, which aims to enhance personal well-being and improved system performance. The third chapter in this thesis - a review of the literature - focuses on the prevalence and nature (discomfort, pain, injury and disorders) of MSP amongst veterinarians. Veterinarians are exposed to a range of physical and psychosocial occupational hazards that have been well documented and associated with MSP. The range of reported prevalence estimates in this review was 50% to 96%. This range may reflect real differences among the veterinary populations studied, or more likely be due to differences in MSP definitions, study methodologies, and response rates. The magnitude of the reported prevalence justifies further research to triangulate data and determine other factors associated with MSD. Most of the studies in the review focused on physical risk factors. The lack of studies into psychosocial risk factors for MSP needs to be addressed.

Univ., Diss.--Heidelberg, 2001. / Literaturverz. S. 237 - 255.

No description available.

No description available.

[Truncated abstract] Veterinarians have considerable potential for exposure to several known reproductive hazards such as radiation, anaesthetic gases, pesticides, long working hours and occupational stress. Reproductive effects are a concern to female veterinarians, especially now that about 65% of graduates from Australian veterinary science schools are female. In the last two decades, there have been reports on the possible associations between occupational exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians, but most of them have been equivocal and the whole area remains controversial. More evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was conducted as a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools during the 40-year period 1960-2000. Of 5,748 eligible veterinarians who were sent the questionnaires (73% of the whole cohort), 2,800 replied including 1,197 females (42.8%). Among women veterinarians eligible to participate, 59% participated . . . Identification of these associations may provide the opportunity for preventing harmful exposures and thus reduce the risk of any adverse reproductive outcomes not only for veterinarians, but also for other groups exposed to these risks such as veterinary nurses, animal laboratory technicians, anaesthetists, dentists, dental assistants, and other similar professional groups. The author of this thesis, having completely addressed the research objectives of her doctoral candidacy, has set out and acted on a future research agenda designed to explore the association between perceived occupational stress and pregnancy outcomes and infertility in Australian female veterinarians.