In this thesis, a modified 2D Discrete Cosine Transform based electro-optic and IR image fusion algorithm is proposed and implemented on an FPGA platform. The platform is a custom FPGA board which uses ALTERA Stratix III family FPGA. The algorithm is also compared with state of the art image fusion algorithms by means of an image fusion software application GUI developed in Matlab&reg / . The proposed algorithm principally takes corresponding 4x4 pixel blocks of two images to be fused and transforms them by means of 2D Discrete Cosine Transform. Then, the L2 norm of each block is calculated and used as the weighting factor for the AC values of the fused image block. The DC value of the fused block is the arithmetic mean of the DC coefficients of both input blocks. Based on this mechanism, the whole two images are processed in such a way that the output image is a composition of the processed 4x4 blocks. The proposed algorithm performs well compared to the other state of the art image fusion algorithms both in subjective and objective quality evaluations. In hardware, v the implemented algorithm can accept input videos as fast as 65 MHz pixel clock with a resolution of 1024x768 @60 Hz.

Zugl.: Rostock, Univ., Diss., 2007

Στόχος της παρούσας Διπλωματικής Εργασίας είναι ο σχεδιασμός και υλοποίηση ενός Κρυπτογραφικού Συστήματος με βάση τον Αλγόριθμο κατακερματισμού JH. Ο σχεδιασμός του κρυπτογραφικού αυτού συστήματος έγινε με τη χρήση γλώσσας VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits hardware description language) και στη συνέχεια η υλοποίηση αυτή έγινε πάνω σε πλατφόρμα FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Ο αλγόριθμος JH είναι ένας αλγόριθμος κατακερματισμού (hash function) ο οποίος σχεδιάστηκε στα πλαίσια του διαγωνισμου κρυπτογραφιας NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Η πρώτη του έκδοση έγινε στις 31 Οκτωβρίου 2008 ενώ η τελική του έκδοση έγινε στις 16 Ιανουαρίου 2011. Ο Αλγόριθμος JH έχει τρεις υποκατηγορίες. Υπάρχει ο JH-224, JH-256, JH-384 και ο JH-512. Βασικό χαρακτηριστικό του αλγορίθμου αυτού είναι το γεγονός πώς οι λειτουργίες που συμβαίνουν σε κάθε γύρο είναι ίδιες. Επίσης σημαντικό γνώρισμα ειναι η ασφάλεια που παρέχει ο αλγόριθμος αυτός καθώς ο μεγάλος αριθμός των ενεργών S-boxes που χρησιμοποιούνται και ταυτόχρονα το γεγονός ότι σε κάθε γύρο χρησιμοποιείται ένα διαφορετικό κλειδι το οποίο παράγεται εκεινη τη στιγμή και δεν ειναι αποθηκευμένο σε ένα σημείο, στο οποίο θα μπορούσε κάποιος να επέμβει, κάνει το σύστημά μας εξαιρετικά δυνατό και ανθεκτικό απέναντι σε επιθέσεις όπως είναι η διαφορική κρυπτανάλυση. Για την εξακρίβωση της ορθής λειτουργίας του συστήματος χρησιμοποιήθηκε μία υλοποίηση του Αλγορίθμου JH σε γλώσσα C. Χρησιμοποιώντας την υλοποίηση αυτή κάθε φορά που θέλουμε να κρυπτογραφήσουμε ένα μήνυμα το οποίο είναι μία σειρά από bit, λαμβάνουμε το κρυπτογραφημένο μήνυμα. Αυτο το κρυπτογραφημένο μήνυμα το συγκρίνουμε με αυτό που παίρνουμε στην έξοδο του συστήματος JH που σχεδιάσαμε και με αυτό το τρόπο επιβεβαιώνουμε την ορθότητα του αποτελέσματος. Ύστερα από την non-pipelined υλοποίηση του συστήματος αυτού, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνική της συσωλήνωσης (pipeline). Πιο συγκεκριμένα εγιναν 4 διαφορετικές pipelined υλοποιήσεις με 2,3,6 και 7 στάδια. Σκοπός είναι για κάθε μία pipelined υλοποίηση να γίνει έλεγχος σε θέματα απόδοσης, κατανάλωσης ισχύος καθώς επίσης και σε θέματα επιφάνειας. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται μία σύγκριση στα προαναφερθέντα θέματα μεταξύ των διαφορετικών pipelined υλοποιήσεων και με την non-pipelined υλοποίηση του κρυπτογραφικού συστήματος JH. Επίσης αξίζει να σημειωθεί πώς γίνεται ιδιαίτερη αναφορά στο throughput και στο throughput per area των pipelined υλοποιήσεων. Από τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν η JH NON PIPELINED υλοποίηση έχει απόδοση 97 MHz με κατανάλωση ισχύος 137mW και συνολική επιφάνεια 2284 slices σε SPARTAN 3E FPGA συσκευή. Ενώ από την ανάλυση της JH NON PIPELINED υλοποίησης και των 4 pipelined υλοποιήσεων σε 4 διαφορετικά FPGA (2 της οικογένειας SPARTAN και 2 της οικογένειας VIRTEX) συμπεραίνουμε πώς στην οικογένεια VIRTEX η κατανάλωση ισχύος είναι πάντα μεγαλύτερη σε σχεση με την οικογένεια SPARTAN. / The purpose of this Thesis Project is the design and implementation of a Cryptographic System using the JH Hash Algorithm. The design of this Cryptographic System was performed using the VHDL language (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits hardware description language) and then this implementation was executed on a FPGA platform (Field Programmable Gate Array).The JH Algorithm is a hash algorithm that was developed during the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Cryptography Competition. Its first version was released on 31 October 2008 while its last version was released on 16 January 2011. The JH Hash Algorithm has three subcategories. There is JH-224, JH-256, JH-384, and JH-512. Basic characteristic of this Algorithm is the fact that the functions that are executed in each round are identical. Moreover important characteristic is the security that this Algorithm provides us while the big number of active S-Boxes that is used and in the same time the fact that in each round a different key is produced on the fly, and is not stored in a place that a third person could have access, makes our system really strong and resistant to attacks such as the differential attack. To confirm the right functionality of the system the implementation of the JH Algorithm in C Language is used. Using this implementation each time we want to cipher a message, which is a sequence of bits, we get the message digest. This message digest is compared with the message digest that we get from the JH system that we developed with VHDL and in this way we confirm the correctness of the result. After the non pipelined implementation of the JH system the pipeline technique was used. To be more specific 4 different pipelined implementations with 2, 3, 6 and 7 stages were performed. The target was to check the performance, area and power dissipation for each pipelined implementation. Next a comparison was performed between the various pipelined implementations and the non pipelined implementation for the above mentioned issues. In addition to this it is worth to mention that considerable reference is made for throughput and throughput per area for the pipelined implementations. According to the experimental results the JH NON PIPELINED implementation has a performance of 97 MHz, with power dissipation of 137mW and a total area of 2284 Slices on SPARTAN 3E FPGA device. From the JH NON PIPELINED implementation and the other 4 pipelined implementations on 4 different FPGA Devices (2 from the VIRTEX family and 2 from the SPARTAN family) we concluded that the power dissipation is bigger in VIRTEX family devices in comparison to SPARTAN family Devices.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the possible use of NAND flash memory for a mass memory unit on a micro-satellite. The investigation begins with an analysis of NAND flash memory devices including the complexity of the internal circuitry and the occurrence of bad memory sections (bad blocks). Design specifications are produced and various design architectures are discussed and evaluated. Subsequently, a four bus serial access architecture using 16- bit NAND flash devices was chosen to be developed further. A VHDL design was created in order to realise the intended system functionality. The main functions of the design include a sustained write data rate of 24 MB/s, bad block management, multiple image storing, error checking and correction, defective device handling and reading while writing. The design was simulated extensively using NAND flash simulation models. Finally, a demonstration test board was designed and produced. This board includes an FPGA and an array of 16 8-bit NAND flash devices. The board was tested sucessfully and a write data rate of 12 MB/s was achieved along with all the other main functions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die moontlike gebruik van NAND flash tegnologie as die geheue eenheid van ’n mikrosatelliet. As ’n beginpunt word NAND flash tegnologie ondersoek in terme van die kompleksiteit van interne stroombane en die voorkoms van defektiewe geheuesegmente. Daarna word ontwerpspesifikasies voortgebring en verskillende ontwerpsmoontlikhede met mekaar vergelyk. Vanuit hierdie oorwegings is daar besluit om die oplossing te implementeer met ’n vier-bus seri¨ele struktuur bestaande uit 16-bis NAND flash toestelle. Om die ontwerpspesifikasies te realiseer, is ’n VHDL stelsel geskep. Die belangrikste funksies van hierdie stelsel is ’n konstante skryftempo van 24 MB/s, die bestuur van defektiewe geheuesegmente, die stoor van meer as een beeld, foutopsporing en -herstel, optimale werking in die geval van defektiewe geheuetoestelle en laastens, die gelyktydige lees en skryf van data. Die stelsel is breedvoerig getoets met NAND flash simulasiemodelle. Ten slotte is ’n fisiese demonstrasiebord, bestaande uit ’n FPGA en 16 8-bis NAND flash toestelle, ontwerp en gebou. Fisiese metings was ’n sukses. ’n Skryftempo van 12 MB/s is gehaal, tesame met die korrekte werking van die ander hooffunksies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 batista_ea_dr_ilha.pdf: 3511515 bytes, checksum: 640826f128d375c4f4d6cc00ead5b3e6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aplicabilidade da rede de comunicação junto com o avanço tecnológico é constantemente explorada pelos projetistas de automação e controle, pois, estas vertentes podem melhorar o desempenho de um processo industrial. O padrão IEEE 1451, surge em meio a estes desafios, com intuito de homologar conceitos e tecnologias para implementar uma rede de transdutores inteligentes. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se uma plataforma de hardware/software para ser utilizada na automação industrial, tanto cabeamento como sem fio, de acordo com os padrões IEEE 1451.2 e IEEE 1451.5. Essa plataforma, denominada neste trabalho por plataforma IEEE 1451, é composta por um hardware, o Módulo de Interface para Transdutores (TIM – Transducer Interface Module), e por um software Processador de Aplicação para Rede de Comunicação (NCAP – Network Capable Application Processor). A lógica de controle e as especificações dos transdutores (TEDS – Transducer Electronics Data Sheet) foram inseridas no TIM por meio da programação (linguagem C/C++) do processador NIOS II e o hardware sintetizado em FPGA da família Cyclone II, especificamente na placa de desenvolvimento DE2 da Altera Corporation. A programação do processador NIOS II baseou-se em um template definido neste trabalho como IEEE 1451 que possui funções e bibliotecas específicas para atender às funcionalidades das aplicações e das normas IEEE 1451. O NCAP possui características de um software supervisório e foi desenvolvido com tecnologia Java no ambiente NetBeans IDE (Integrated Development Environment) versão 6.5. Entre as principais funções deste NCAP está a capacidade de enviar e receber os dados através da porta RS232, geração de relatório incluindo a TEDS, interface gráfica dinâmica e identificação de usuários. A plataforma IEEE 1451 foi testada... / Designers usually exploit the fast evolution of technology along with the application of communication networks to improve the performance on industrial processes. The IEEE 1451 standard comes to aid in the development of networks of intelligent transducers, by defining concepts and technologies used in their implementations. This works intends to provide an application consisting of a hardware/software platform to be used in industrial automation, either wireless or not, according to the 1451.2 and 1451.5 IEEE standards. This IEEE 1451 platform is composed by a hardware part, the Transducer Interface Module (TIM), and a software part, the Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP). The control logic and the transducer specifications (TEDS – Transducer Electronics Data Sheet) were inserted in the TIM by programming in C/C++ a NIOS II processor, synthesized in a FPGA of the Cyclone II family, using the DE2 development board from Altera Corporation. The NIOS II programming was based on an IEEE 1451 template, with functions and libraries to implement the functionalities of the IEEE 1451 applications and guidelines. The NCAP software resembles a supervisory system and was developed in Java in the NetBeans integrated development environment, version 6.5. Amongst its main functions are the capabilities of report generation including TEDS, a dynamic graphical interface, user identification and the ability to send and receive data through a RS232 port. This IEEE 1451 platform was tested in the automation of different applications, demonstrating its flexibility and rapid prototyping suited for the development of control systems. Other advantages are the use of an object oriented language in the development of the NCAP software, which facilitates the code reuse, and the use of reconfigurable hardware for the TIM implementation. The results from this work showed that the technology applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Audio coding is used to compress digital audio signals, thereby reducing the amount of bits needed to transmit or to store an audio signal. This is useful when network bandwidth or storage capacity is very limited. Audio compression algorithms are based on an encoding and decoding process. In the encoding step, the uncompressed audio signal is transformed into a coded representation, thereby compressing the audio signal. Thereafter, the coded audio signal eventually needs to be restored (e.g. for playing back) through decoding of the coded audio signal. The decoder receives the bitstream and reconverts it into an uncompressed signal. ISO-MPEG is a standard for high-quality, low bit-rate video and audio coding. The audio part of the standard is composed by algorithms for high-quality low-bit-rate audio coding, i.e. algorithms that reduce the original bit-rate, while guaranteeing high quality of the audio signal. The audio coding algorithms consists of MPEG-1 (with three different layers), MPEG-2, MPEG-2 AAC, and MPEG-4. This work presents a study of the MPEG-4 AAC audio coding algorithm. Besides, it presents the implementation of the AAC algorithm on different platforms, and comparisons among implementations. The implementations are in C language, in Assembly of Intel Pentium, in C-language using DSP processor, and in HDL. Since each implementation has its own application niche, each one is valid as a final solution. Moreover, another purpose of this work is the comparison among these implementations, considering estimated costs, execution time, and advantages and disadvantages of each one.

Na atualidade, as redes públicas de comunicação de dados representam uma nova oportunidade para a aplicação das tecnologias IEEE 802 (baseadas na tecnologia Ethernet). Tanto nas redes de acesso, como nas redes metropolitanas e de núcleo, existe uma crescente demanda pela instalação de equipamentos com grande número de interfaces Ethernet. Em alguns casos, opta-se por equipamentos capazes de emular os serviços das tecnologias legadas ATM/SDH sobre Ethernet e viceversa. Nesse sentido, novos protocolos e novas formas de transmissão de dados utilizando a tecnologia Ethernet estão surgindo para consolidar a convergência das redes de comutação de circuitos (infraestrutúra legada) e as redes de comutação de pacotes; com a ideia de constituir uma rede mais homogênea, flexível e de baixo custo. Um claro exemplo é a adessão dos protocolos de Operação, Administração e Manuntenção (OAM) nas redes Ethernet, os quais permitem um nível de controle semelhante ao de tecnologias como ATM e SDH. OAM possibilita a monitoração de falhas na rede, a configuração e o acompanhamento dos eventos de segurança, assim como também a contabilização de tráfego por assinante; permitindo desta forma o atendimento de diferentes SLAs (Service-Level Agreements) de clientes. Para que isto seja uma realidade, é muito importante reforçar o controle da borda que delimita a rede do cliente final da rede pública. Com esse fim, estão surgindo normas como a IEEE P802.1aj, que define um dispositivo de demarcação de rede que serve como entidade controladora de serviços entre o provedor e o cliente final; sendo sua principal característica o suporte OAM no enlace com o provedor de serviços. Este dispositivo - conhecido comercialmente como Ethernet Demarcation Device (EDD)- é o foco do presente trabalho. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver arquiteturas System-on-a-Programable Chip (SoPC) para um EDD de duas portas, partindo do desenvolvimento de módulos de propriedade intelectual (IP). Foram projetadas duas arquiteturas de EDD, as quais permitem o encaminhamento de pacotes entre duas portas Ethernet e incorporam um processador MicroBlaze para implementação Software do protocolo OAM, segundo a norma IEEE 802.3ah. Como resultado, foram elaborados 7 módulos IP: Módulo Fast Ethernet MAC (FEMAC), Módulo Gigabit Ethernet MAC (GEMAC), Módulo Packet FIFO, Módulo OAM Ethernet, Módulo MII Managment (MIIM), Módulo PHY Ethernet PCS/PMA 1000Base-X (PHY1000X) e Módulo Bit-Error Rate Tester (BERT). Todos os módulos foram descritos em VHDL e logo sintetizados para um dispositivo FPGA da família Virtex-II Pro da Xilinx, quanto para standard-cells utilizando a tecnologia CMOS AMS 0.35μm únicamente nos Módulos FEMAC e GEMAC. Os resultados de síntese mostram que o Módulo MIIM e o Módulo PHY1000X possuim um melhor aproveitamento de recursos de área que seus equivalentes disponíveis no OpenCores e no CoreGen da Xilinx, respectivamente. As arquiteturas SoPC foram prototipadas sobre a placa de desenvolvimento AVNET Virtex-II Pro, a qual permite comunicação com dispositivos de rede através de interfaces elétricas e ópticas. Finalmente, é proposta uma metodologia de validação física das arquiteturas alvo para estas atenderem o regime de vazão máxima (1Gbit/s ou 100Mbit/s), assim como também testes de conformidade como os definidos pela norma IEEE 802.3. / Nowadays, public networks represent a new opportunity for the application of IEEE 802 technologies, which have their basis on Ethernet Technology. In both Access and Metropolitan and Core networks there is a growing demand for the installation of equipments with a large number of Ethernet interfaces. In some cases, equipments capable of emulating the services of the ATM/SDH legacy technologies over Ethernet (and vice versa) are chosen. In this manner, new protocols and data transmission forms using Ethernet technology are emerging in order to consolidate the convergence of circuit switching networks (traditional infrastructure) and packet switching networks; with the common objetive of constituting a more uniform, flexible, low-cost network. A good example is the incorporation of Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) protocols in Ethernet networks, which allow a control level similar to that one of technologies such as ATM and SDH. OAM allows the monitoring of network fails, the configuration and tracking the security events, as well as the counting of traffic per client in a way that permits to attend several SLAs (Service-Level Agreements). In order to bring this to reality, it is critical to reinforce the control of the edge which limits the client network from the public networks. With this aim, standards such as IEEE P802.1aj are emerging; this standard defines a network demarcation device, which is used as a service controlling entity between the provider and the end customer, having as main feature the OAM support in the link with the service provider. This work is focused on this device, commercially known as Ethernet Demarcation Device (EDD). The principal objective of this work is to develop SoPC (System-on-a-Programable chip) architectures for an EDD, starting from the development of Intellectual Property Cores (IP). Two EDD architectures were designed, which allow the packet forwarding between two Ethernet interfaces and incorporate a Soft processor Microblaze for the SW implementation of the OAM protocol according to the standard IEEE802.3ah. As a result, eight IP cores were elaborated: Soft IP Core Fast Ethernet MAC (FEMAC), Soft IP Core Gigabit Ethernet MAC (GEMAC), Soft IP Core Packet FIFO, Soft IP Core OAM Ethernet, Soft IP Core MII Managment (MIIM), Soft IP Core PHY Ethernet PCS/PMA 1000Base-X (PHY1000X) and the Soft IP Core Bit-Error Rate Tester (BERT). All IP modules were described in VHDL and then synthesized for the FPGA Xilinx Virtex-II Pro device, as well as for standard-cells using the CMOS AMS 0.35um technology for the modules FEMAC and GEMAC. The synthesis results show that the module MIIM and module PHY1000X have a better use of the area resources than the ones available in OpenCores and CoreGen of Xilinx respectively. The SoPC architectures were prototyped on AVNET Virtex-II Pro Development kit Board, which allows communication with network devices through electrical and optical interfaces. Finally, we propose a validation methodology of both architecture so these are able to attend a maximum throughput regimen (1Gbit/s ou 100Mbit/s), as well as appropriate levels of approval with what standard IEEE 802.3 defines.

Audio coding is used to compress digital audio signals, thereby reducing the amount of bits needed to transmit or to store an audio signal. This is useful when network bandwidth or storage capacity is very limited. Audio compression algorithms are based on an encoding and decoding process. In the encoding step, the uncompressed audio signal is transformed into a coded representation, thereby compressing the audio signal. Thereafter, the coded audio signal eventually needs to be restored (e.g. for playing back) through decoding of the coded audio signal. The decoder receives the bitstream and reconverts it into an uncompressed signal. ISO-MPEG is a standard for high-quality, low bit-rate video and audio coding. The audio part of the standard is composed by algorithms for high-quality low-bit-rate audio coding, i.e. algorithms that reduce the original bit-rate, while guaranteeing high quality of the audio signal. The audio coding algorithms consists of MPEG-1 (with three different layers), MPEG-2, MPEG-2 AAC, and MPEG-4. This work presents a study of the MPEG-4 AAC audio coding algorithm. Besides, it presents the implementation of the AAC algorithm on different platforms, and comparisons among implementations. The implementations are in C language, in Assembly of Intel Pentium, in C-language using DSP processor, and in HDL. Since each implementation has its own application niche, each one is valid as a final solution. Moreover, another purpose of this work is the comparison among these implementations, considering estimated costs, execution time, and advantages and disadvantages of each one.

Na atualidade, as redes públicas de comunicação de dados representam uma nova oportunidade para a aplicação das tecnologias IEEE 802 (baseadas na tecnologia Ethernet). Tanto nas redes de acesso, como nas redes metropolitanas e de núcleo, existe uma crescente demanda pela instalação de equipamentos com grande número de interfaces Ethernet. Em alguns casos, opta-se por equipamentos capazes de emular os serviços das tecnologias legadas ATM/SDH sobre Ethernet e viceversa. Nesse sentido, novos protocolos e novas formas de transmissão de dados utilizando a tecnologia Ethernet estão surgindo para consolidar a convergência das redes de comutação de circuitos (infraestrutúra legada) e as redes de comutação de pacotes; com a ideia de constituir uma rede mais homogênea, flexível e de baixo custo. Um claro exemplo é a adessão dos protocolos de Operação, Administração e Manuntenção (OAM) nas redes Ethernet, os quais permitem um nível de controle semelhante ao de tecnologias como ATM e SDH. OAM possibilita a monitoração de falhas na rede, a configuração e o acompanhamento dos eventos de segurança, assim como também a contabilização de tráfego por assinante; permitindo desta forma o atendimento de diferentes SLAs (Service-Level Agreements) de clientes. Para que isto seja uma realidade, é muito importante reforçar o controle da borda que delimita a rede do cliente final da rede pública. Com esse fim, estão surgindo normas como a IEEE P802.1aj, que define um dispositivo de demarcação de rede que serve como entidade controladora de serviços entre o provedor e o cliente final; sendo sua principal característica o suporte OAM no enlace com o provedor de serviços. Este dispositivo - conhecido comercialmente como Ethernet Demarcation Device (EDD)- é o foco do presente trabalho. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver arquiteturas System-on-a-Programable Chip (SoPC) para um EDD de duas portas, partindo do desenvolvimento de módulos de propriedade intelectual (IP). Foram projetadas duas arquiteturas de EDD, as quais permitem o encaminhamento de pacotes entre duas portas Ethernet e incorporam um processador MicroBlaze para implementação Software do protocolo OAM, segundo a norma IEEE 802.3ah. Como resultado, foram elaborados 7 módulos IP: Módulo Fast Ethernet MAC (FEMAC), Módulo Gigabit Ethernet MAC (GEMAC), Módulo Packet FIFO, Módulo OAM Ethernet, Módulo MII Managment (MIIM), Módulo PHY Ethernet PCS/PMA 1000Base-X (PHY1000X) e Módulo Bit-Error Rate Tester (BERT). Todos os módulos foram descritos em VHDL e logo sintetizados para um dispositivo FPGA da família Virtex-II Pro da Xilinx, quanto para standard-cells utilizando a tecnologia CMOS AMS 0.35μm únicamente nos Módulos FEMAC e GEMAC. Os resultados de síntese mostram que o Módulo MIIM e o Módulo PHY1000X possuim um melhor aproveitamento de recursos de área que seus equivalentes disponíveis no OpenCores e no CoreGen da Xilinx, respectivamente. As arquiteturas SoPC foram prototipadas sobre a placa de desenvolvimento AVNET Virtex-II Pro, a qual permite comunicação com dispositivos de rede através de interfaces elétricas e ópticas. Finalmente, é proposta uma metodologia de validação física das arquiteturas alvo para estas atenderem o regime de vazão máxima (1Gbit/s ou 100Mbit/s), assim como também testes de conformidade como os definidos pela norma IEEE 802.3. / Nowadays, public networks represent a new opportunity for the application of IEEE 802 technologies, which have their basis on Ethernet Technology. In both Access and Metropolitan and Core networks there is a growing demand for the installation of equipments with a large number of Ethernet interfaces. In some cases, equipments capable of emulating the services of the ATM/SDH legacy technologies over Ethernet (and vice versa) are chosen. In this manner, new protocols and data transmission forms using Ethernet technology are emerging in order to consolidate the convergence of circuit switching networks (traditional infrastructure) and packet switching networks; with the common objetive of constituting a more uniform, flexible, low-cost network. A good example is the incorporation of Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) protocols in Ethernet networks, which allow a control level similar to that one of technologies such as ATM and SDH. OAM allows the monitoring of network fails, the configuration and tracking the security events, as well as the counting of traffic per client in a way that permits to attend several SLAs (Service-Level Agreements). In order to bring this to reality, it is critical to reinforce the control of the edge which limits the client network from the public networks. With this aim, standards such as IEEE P802.1aj are emerging; this standard defines a network demarcation device, which is used as a service controlling entity between the provider and the end customer, having as main feature the OAM support in the link with the service provider. This work is focused on this device, commercially known as Ethernet Demarcation Device (EDD). The principal objective of this work is to develop SoPC (System-on-a-Programable chip) architectures for an EDD, starting from the development of Intellectual Property Cores (IP). Two EDD architectures were designed, which allow the packet forwarding between two Ethernet interfaces and incorporate a Soft processor Microblaze for the SW implementation of the OAM protocol according to the standard IEEE802.3ah. As a result, eight IP cores were elaborated: Soft IP Core Fast Ethernet MAC (FEMAC), Soft IP Core Gigabit Ethernet MAC (GEMAC), Soft IP Core Packet FIFO, Soft IP Core OAM Ethernet, Soft IP Core MII Managment (MIIM), Soft IP Core PHY Ethernet PCS/PMA 1000Base-X (PHY1000X) and the Soft IP Core Bit-Error Rate Tester (BERT). All IP modules were described in VHDL and then synthesized for the FPGA Xilinx Virtex-II Pro device, as well as for standard-cells using the CMOS AMS 0.35um technology for the modules FEMAC and GEMAC. The synthesis results show that the module MIIM and module PHY1000X have a better use of the area resources than the ones available in OpenCores and CoreGen of Xilinx respectively. The SoPC architectures were prototyped on AVNET Virtex-II Pro Development kit Board, which allows communication with network devices through electrical and optical interfaces. Finally, we propose a validation methodology of both architecture so these are able to attend a maximum throughput regimen (1Gbit/s ou 100Mbit/s), as well as appropriate levels of approval with what standard IEEE 802.3 defines.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_fa_me_ilha.pdf: 1540078 bytes, checksum: dcdf1d9d8a1a4c7ac5611476ba3ddbee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente as empresas do setor elétrico deparam–se cada vez mais com as exigências do mercado energético sendo obrigadas a assegurarem aos seus clientes bons níveis de continuidade e confiabilidade no serviço de fornecimento da energia elétrica e também atender os índices de continuidade do serviço estabelecidos pela agência reguladora do setor elétrico (ANEEL – Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica). Para alcançar estes objetivos além de investir na otimização dos seus sistemas de transmissão e distribuição, as empresas responsáveis têm investido na automação de suas operações, buscando alternativas que reduzam os tempos de interrupção por faltas permanentes nos sistemas de potência. Através de informações disponíveis em uma subestação, é possível estabelecer um procedimento para determinar e classificar condições de faltas, localizando o elemento de proteção acionado, e assim fornecer o apoio à tomada de decisão no ambiente de subestações de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica. Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia que fornece respostas rápidas (controle on line), para detecção e classificação de faltas em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica através de informações analógicas disponíveis em uma subestação, tais como amostras de sinais de tensões e correntes na saída dos alimentadores, com uma arquitetura reconfigurável paralela que usa dispositivos lógicos programáveis (Programables Logics Devices – PLDs) -FPGAs e a linguagem de descrição de hardware – VDHL (Very High Speed Integraded Circuit – VHSIC). Para validar o sistema proposto, foram gerados dados de forma aleatória, compatíveis com informações fornecidas em tempo real pelo sistema SCADA (supervisory control and data-acquisition) de uma subestação real. Os resultados obtidos com as simulações realizadas, mostram que a... / Currently companies of the energy industry is facing increasingly with the requirements of the energy market are obliged to ensure their customers good levels of continuity in service and reliability of supply of electric energy and also meet the rates of continuity of service established by the agency regulator of the energy industry (ANEEL - National Electric Energy Agency). To achieve these goals than to invest in optimization of its transmission and distribution systems, the companies responsible have invested in automation of its operations, seeking alternatives that reduce the time of interruption by failures in the systems of permanent power. Through information available in a substation, it is possible to establish a procedure for identifying and classifying conditions of absence, finding the element of protection driven, and thus provide support for decision-making within the environment of substations to distribution systems for power. This work is proposed a methodology that provides quick answers (control online), for detection and classification of faults in distribution systems of electric energy through analog information available on a substation, such as samples for signs of tensions and currents in the output of feeders, with an architecture that uses parallel reconfigurable programmable logic devices (Programables Logics Devices - PLDs)-FPGAs and the language of description of hardware - VDHL (Very High Speed Circuit Integraded - VHSIC). To validate the proposed system, data were generated at random, consistent with information provided by the system in real time SCADA (supervisory control and data-acquisition) of a real substation. The results obtained with the simulations conducted, show that the proposed methodology, presents satisfactory results, and times of reasonable answers.