Cette étude propose d’explorer, parmi un ensemble de variables propres à la vulnérabilité des personnes, celles qui expliquent le mieux les inquiétudes face à la victimisation criminelle chez les aînés. L’utilisation d’un instrument de mesure validé en français et adapté à une population âgée québécoise, le WAV (Worry About Victimization), nous aura permis d’étudier la peur du crime en précisant ses dimensions émotionnelles, cognitives et béhaviorale. L’échantillon est constitué de 387 répondants âgés entre 60 et 98 ans résidant dans les centres urbains de Montréal, Sherbrooke et Trois-Rivières. Les résultats suggèrent, qu’en somme, la préoccupation envers le crime en général, les préoccupations envers certains crimes plus spécifiquement définis, de même que les précautions prises contre le crime sont expliquées par des caractéristiques se rapportant à la vulnérabilité des personnes. Pour ces trois dimensions, le sexe représente le meilleur facteur explicatif. Les autres dimensions : perception générale du risque de victimisation, inquiétude diffuse face à l’éventualité d’être victime d’un crime, et recours à des mesures de protection s’expliquent à la fois par des caractéristiques de vulnérabilité et la recherche de protection. Il est à noter que pour ces autres dimensions, le sexe n’est pas au rang de facteurs explicatifs. Des analyses selon le sexe montrent par ailleurs que les inquiétudes des hommes sont moins fonction des caractéristiques de vulnérabilité que pour les femmes. À l’inverse, les expériences de victimisation criminelle de même que les caractéristiques définissant le réseau social, sa disponibilité, l’utilisation qui en est faite et la satisfaction qu’on en tire expliquent davantage l’inquiétude des hommes que celle des femmes. Cette étude conclut que la considération d’autres théories, en complémentarité avec celle de la vulnérabilité, pourrait être bénéfique selon la dimension des inquiétudes étudiée et le sexe des répondants. Cela dit, l’utilisation du WAV apparaît être le premier pas vers l’obtention de connaissances plus nuancées et ainsi plus cohérentes en regard des différentes dimensions de l’inquiétude liée à la victimisation exprimée notamment par les personnes âgées. / This study offers to explore, between certain variables of vulnerability, those that explain better the fears of the elders towards criminal victimization. The use of validity measures instruments in French and adapted to an elder generation of Quebec, the WAV ‘Worry About Victimization’ permitted us to study the fear of crime distantly depending of its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. The sample tested is made of 387 responding elders aged between 60 & 98 years old. The elders’ samples were taking in urban area in Montreal, Sherbrooke & Trois-Rivieres. The results shows us that the preoccupation towards crime in general, the preoccupation towards crime in specific situation and also that the precautions taken against crime are explained by vulnerability characteristics. For these three last dimensions, the sex represents the best proving facts. The other dimensions (the protection measures - the perception of victimization risk – concern towards facing being personally a crime victim one day) are explained by the vulnerability characteristics and some protection factors to this last one. It’s important to notice that in these three last dimensions, the sex is not ranked by explaining factors. Some analyses more precise about the sex also shows that the men fears are less often touched by their vulnerability characteristics than the women. The experiences of criminal victimization as well as the social network characteristics are factors which better explain the fears of the men than that of the women. This study concludes that the consideration of other theories, in association with the vulnerability theory could be beneficial according to the studied dimension of the worries and depending on the sex of the elder. The use of the WAV seems to be the first step towards knowledge obtaining more qualified and more detailed in regards of different fears connected to victimization.

Fear of crime is a social problem on its own, partly independent of crime as actual crime does not fully explain as to why some individuals are more afraid for crime than others. Structuralist perspectives have offered some explanations, largely neglecting the potential importance of institutional perspectives. This thesis aims to study fear of crime from an institutional perspective using the theoretical construct quality of government which seeks to offer a way to measure well-functioning institutions. It is assumed that quality of government has an impact in different ways; through trust and victimisation. To study these research questions, data were drawn from two sources, the European Social Survey (ESS) and Quality of Government EU Regional Data. The sample contained 85,794 individuals nested in 152 regions which were situated in 18 European countries. The empirical analysis consisted of random intercept multilevel modelling. It was found that the quality of government was correlated with fear of crime, where higher levels of the former tended to result in lower levels in the latter. Trust were found to mediate this correlation whereas victimisation interacted with quality of government.

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This thesis comprises a rigorous and coherent body of work related to the use of the HCR-20 and the START to inform risk assessment and management of secure mental health inpatients. The thesis contributes significant theoretical and applied knowledge by: 1) investigating the extent to which these tools can be generalised beyond restricted validation samples to the full range of individuals in contact with secure services, 2) determining whether they can aid assessment and management of adverse outcomes beyond aggression, and 3) offering practical, empirically-derived advice for clinicians regarding management strategies that may reduce the occurrence of adverse events. This collection of papers has used considerably novel methods, such as rocreg analysis in risk assessment of behavioural outcomes, and high quality, routinely collected data to gain a more realistic representation of what occurs in clinical practice. Further, the papers draw on larger sample sizes than have previously been reported in this area, allowing for more complex statistical analysis. This thesis has helped clarify the contexts in which these instruments perform effectively and therefore has important implications for clinical risk assessment in inpatient settings. Specifically, there is evidence that the HCR-20 and the START may aid assessment and management of aggression for the majority of groups examined, and that both tools have some efficacy for predicting self-harm among female populations. However, the HCR-20 should not be used to inform prediction and management of aggression and self-harm for individuals with developmental and organic disorders and is unlikely to be beneficial at informing risk management strategies targeting self-harm among males; the START should not be used to inform prediction and management of substance abuse, victimisation, or unauthorised leave. Finally, this thesis highlights a number of directions for future research to continue advancement in this area.

(in English): The thesis focuses on risk behaviour among children on the internet. The aim is to find out the specific differences between clients from the low-threshold treatment programme for youths at risk and the general child population, in the context of three main topics: risk behaviour, victimisation and victim and offender role reversal, and in two fields: cyberbullying and online violence against children. The work is divided in three parts: theoretical, methodological and analytical. First, I introduce basic concepts of hazardous internet behaviour among children as described within the academic literature. Those are mainly online communication, cyberbullying, cybergrooming, sexting and child pornography. In the methodological part, I present the goals of this work, research questions, the case-study method which is the base method of my own research, as well as other quantitative research methods that are commonly used to study the child population. These findings are compared in the analytical part, focusing on two main areas: cyberbullying and online violence against children. In the conclusion, the results are put in context of the theoretical findings from the first part in order to answer the research questions. The findings show considerable differences between the general child...

(in English): The thesis "Interaction of police investigators with selected participants of criminal proceedings and its impact on recognition" is studies the interaction and communication of criminal proceeding participants and its influence on the quality of those proceedings on recognition. The theoretical part deals with criminal proceedings such as all the trial requirements and factors which affect police investigation. Rights and responsibilities of all participants of trials are defined. Furthermore, communication, its types and categories and -most of all -its impact on successful police interrogation is examined. We also mention interpersonal perception. In the theoretical part of the thesis a lot of attention is devoted to the personality of police investigators and to significant characteristics which form the foundation of police profession. In conclusion of the theoretical part we describe the aspects which control the investigation and potential offender recognition. In the empirical part the aim was to find out what impact the quality of instructions has on successful offender recognition. The empirical part was performed in an experiment. The research participants were devided into categories according to chosen standards. Then they were presented with a video recording of a...

Se présenter comme victime et se mobiliser en tant que telle dans l'espace public neva pas de soi, même pour les membres d'une association de victimes. Il s'agit d'unlong processus d'intériorisation et de reformulation identitaires consistant à donner dusens à une expérience de souffrance ; une pathologie ou un deuil. Pour les membresd'un collectif de victimes se mobilisant dans le cadre d'un problème de santé publique,il s'agit aussi d'un processus d'ordre collectif consistant à construire un groupesuffisamment cohérent pour imposer des griefs a priori personnels, comme problèmepublic de santé.C'est de ces multiples processus, à la fois individuels et collectifs, entre intimeet public que se propose d'analyser cette thèse. En nous appuyant sur une enquêtecomparative entre l'affaire du Distilbène et la mobilisation de travailleurs agricolesvictimes des pesticides - qui croise 77 entretiens semi-directifs et une quinzained'observations ethnographiques des temps qui articulent ces mobilisations -, nousnous sommes demandée comment des individus dispersés et blessés parviennentprogressivement et collectivement à s'imposer comme des acteurs d'action publique,et plus précisément des acteurs de la santé publique. / To self-identify as a victim and to get involved publicly as a victim is not selfevident,even for members of victims associations. It is a long process of identityreformulation which entails giving a meaning to a past hurtful experience as a traumaor a mourning. For members of victims groups getting mobilized in the context of publichealth scandals is also a collective process. It consists in going beyond a prioripersonal griefs and being able to build a sufficiently coherent group around publichealth problem.This thesis analyses the multiple individual and collective processes, betweenpersonal and public spheres. It is based on a comparative study between the scandalsof Diethylsbestrol and the social mobilization of agricultural workers victims ofpesticides contaminations. It gathers 77 semi-directive interviews and about 15ethnographic observations. In this study we have been trying to understand to whichextend scattered and hurt individuals progressively and collectively manage toestablish themselves as public players and more precisely in public health.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att kartlägga sjöingenjörsstudenters upplevelse av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön ombord under deras fartygsförlagda praktiker, och i vilken utsträckning det påverkat deras framtida vilja att arbeta till sjöss. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsansats där datainsamlingen skedde genom två fokusgruppsintervjuer och tio individuella intervjuer. Totalt har 18 sjöingenjörsstudenter från Sveriges sjöfartshögskolor ingått i undersökningen. Intervjuerna analyserades och tolkades genom hermeneutisk och semantisk metod, som presenterades i ett tematiskt resultat. De mest framträdande resultaten av undersökningen är att även om studenterna fick en förtrogenhetsutbildning, gavs den inte alltid innan de sattes i arbete. Majoriteten av studenterna arbetade betydligt fler timmar än vad som överenskommits i det så kallade elevavtalet. Studenterna upplever även att det förekommer ett bristande ledarskap hos vissa av handledarna, där några av studenterna har utsatts för kränkande särbehandling och dåligt beteende. Trots brister inom onboardingen och den organisatoriska och social arbetsmiljön, var det inga övergripande orsaker till att studenterna inte ville fortsätta arbeta till sjöss. Det var dock en minoritet som inte ville fortsätta att arbeta till sjöss. För dessa var orsaken bristande ledarskap och jargongen ombord. / The purpose of the work presented in this student thesis was to identify how marine engineer students have experienced the organisational and social work environment onboard during their internships, and if their experiences have affected their future career choices. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Data collection was performed through two semi-structured focus group interviews and ten semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. The data analysis was interpreted hermeneutic and semantic, and the result was presented thematic. The participating students shared many experiences. Most of the students were given the mandatory familiarization training onboard, but in many cases this was not completed until after the students first work task onboard the ship. Almost all the students worked more hours than stipulated in the student agreement. Some of the students experienced bad behaviour and were treated badly by their supervisor. Even though students experienced shortcomings in the organisational and social work environment, most of the students were still willing to pursue a career at sea. A small part of the students did not want to work at sea due to their experiences of poor social work environment and lack of leadership onboard. / Drivkrafter för kompetensförsörjning i en socialt hållbar sjöfart

This diploma thesis is comprised of a theoretical section and a practical section. The first theoretical subchapter introduces the CAN syndrome. The second theoretical subchapter focuses on the relevant international and national child protection legislation. The third subchapter "Child Interrogation" deals with the issue of the historical development of child interrogation techniques and methods, and the currently recommended interrogation techniques used to interrogate children in keeping with the Act on Criminal Judicial Procedure No. 141/1961 in the Czech Republic. The third subchapter also concerns with the character traits of the investigator, the qualification requirements of this profession and the fundamental methodology used to prevent a child's secondary victimisation. The fourth theoretical subchapter focuses on the specially designed interrogation room used, among others, for child interrogation. The theoretical part is based on reference literature and relevant legislation. The practical section includes the results of qualitative research. The first subchapter focuses on two case studies of child victims of abuse interrogation. The second subchapter analyses six interviews conducted with a methodological worker and with five investigators, who discuss their experience with the...

This thesis introduces sociolinguistic phenomenon called street compliment, that has not been studied much in Czech Republic. It is a form of a comment given in public places by unacquainted persons, most commonly by men to women but not exclusively. Based in the feminist tradition the research was realized as a set of semi-structured interviews with eight female participants. The research revealed how the participants understand the phenomenon and how the heteronormative configuration of society is being perpetuated. The interpretation of street compliment as a form of a compliment is based on the discourse of female atractiveness and a strong sexual drive at males. The street compliment can be used to express sexual interest, to perform masculinity or to perform identity overall. The street compliment as a display of masculine behaviour towards a legitimate target, that is to say attractive woman, refers to the use of street compliment as a mean of disciplination of female subjects. The participants agreed that they do not utter street compliments because of its convenience. Instead they would express their interest in a group of friends without exteriorizing it. On one side the participants create subversive discourses, however it is common to observe symbolic violence done to them, amongs other...