The diploma thesis depicts the mode and course of collectivization of the rural areas in the district of Kutná Hora in years 1948-1960. It is based on the analysis of five villages - Bahno, Opatovice I, Petrovice I, Mitrov a Vranice (the little town of Kácov is also included for comparison reasons). The thesis describes how the unified binding principles of the state- controlled agricultural politics of KSČ reflected into the socialization of concrete villages and how they influenced the daily life and destinies of their inhabitants. The thesis also concentrates on the individual reactions towards the collectivization, especially those of local functionaries, focusing on which means and strategies these used against the ruling power. The central question is whether, and to what extent, the functionaries could influence and shape the village life and how they influenced the local form of socialization. The objective of this thesis is to show a more vivid picture of the agricultural collectivization and, at the same time, to offer a certain typology of its participants. Apart from the comparison of the mode of collectivization in concrete villages, their example also shows the differences between the first and second (final) phase of the collectivization of the rural areas. The thesis is based...

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Esse trabalho busca compreender como ocorreu a ocupação do sítio Jaguarundi, com ênfase no estudo das escolhas técnicas inseridas na confecção dos artefatos arqueológicos, da paisagem arqueológica, da dieta alimentar e do padrão de assentamento. Procura-se estudar comparativamente os dados arqueológicos, históricos e etnográficos da região de modo a elucidar sobre o processo histórico do contexto de ocupação e as dinâmicas sócio-culturais empreendidas pelas populações que ali se estabeleceram, para tanto o estudo se centrou na identificação das estruturas arqueológicas para que elas possam ser utilizadas na construção de um modelo analítico para ser empregado em futuras análises de sítios similares. / This work aimed at finding out how happened the occupation of the Jaguarundi site, with emphasis in the study of the technical choices inserted in the manufacture of the archaeological artifacts, of the archaeological landscape, of the alimentary diet ant de settlement pattern. Aiming for the comparative study of the archaeological historical e ethnological data of the region, escheating a elucidation about the historical process of the settlement context and the socio-cultural dynamics ocasionated by the established populations, for this the research centers in the identification of the archaeological structures for the construction of a analytical model for future comparative analyses in similar sites.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T18:12:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO JULIO GUEDES.pdf: 4285428 bytes, checksum: 8bd7f2232b656b579ee43c6e1a2d5fff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T18:12:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO JULIO GUEDES.pdf: 4285428 bytes, checksum: 8bd7f2232b656b579ee43c6e1a2d5fff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of this research is to achieve the idea of a city with which the Portuguese way of founding cities was used in the Portuguese colony in America. This through the foundational ritual of erection, which was made from a normalization in extracts, of the steps that were to be followed in some days of public act. In order to study the formation of the captaincies of the south, the classic bibliographical revision is necessary, within the group of studies of urban history and new history, to clarify the concepts of urban formation and territorial formation. The objective and the concepts are used to compare the case studies about the elevation of the village Nossa Senhora da Ponte de Sorocaba, from which its formation began in the sixteenth century, and its first dismemberments in the eighteenth century, the villages Itapeva da Faxina (1769), Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Itapetininga (1770) and Santo Antonio das Minas de Apiahy (1771). It was noticed the administrative and political practice of the construction of the chapel, election of the people who would compose the chamber and construction of the mother church in Sorocaba, as only points that fulfilled this Portuguese way of city foundation little formatted in this case. Already in the other villages of the eighteenth century from the restructured administration of the Governor Morgado de Mateus, documents were found in primary sources, related to a very well-formed method for the erection ritual. Finally, some aspects that were still little clarified in the history of Sorocaba during this period, such as the first years of the village's life and its insertion in a regional context, participated in historical, social, political, administrative, and economic processes of the whole region from the urban network of the captaincies of the South. / Objetiva-se alcan?ar, com a presente pesquisa, a ideia de cidade com a qual o modo portugu?s de funda??o de cidades foi empregado na col?nia portuguesa na Am?rica. Isto atrav?s do ritual fundacional de ere??o, que foi feito a partir de uma normatiza??o em extratos, das etapas que deveriam seguir-se em alguns dias de ato p?blico. Para estudo da forma??o das capitanias do Sul a revis?o bibliogr?fica cl?ssica se faz necess?ria, dentro do grupo de estudos da hist?ria urbana e da hist?ria nova, para esclarecer os conceitos de forma??o do urbano e forma??o do territ?rio. Empregam-se o objetivo e os conceitos para compara??o entre os estudos de caso da eleva??o da vila de Nossa Senhora da Ponte de Sorocaba, da qual sua forma??o iniciou no s?culo XVI, e de seus primeiros desmembramentos ocorridos no s?culo XVIII, as vilas de Itapeva da Faxina (1769), Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Itapetininga (1770) e Santo Antonio das Minas de Apiahy (1771). Percebeu-se a pr?tica administrativa e pol?tica da constru??o da capela, elei??o das pessoas que comporiam a c?mara e constru??o da Matriz em Sorocaba, como ?nicos pontos que cumpriram esse modo portugu?s de funda??o de cidades pouco formatado neste caso. J? nas outras vilas do s?culo XVIII a partir da administra??o reestruturadora do Governador Morgado de Mateus, encontraram-se documentos em fontes prim?rias relativos a um m?todo muito bem formatado para o ritual de ere??o. Concluiu-se por fim alguns aspectos que ainda estavam poucos esclarecidas na hist?ria de Sorocaba neste per?odo, como os primeiros anos de vida da vila e a sua inser??o em um contexto regional, participando de processos hist?rico-sociais, pol?ticos, administrativos e econ?micos de toda a rede urbana das capitanias do Sul.

Malaria is both a preventable and curable disease if treated early and appropriately. However, it is estimated that every 30 seconds a child dies of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of innovative eHealth/mHealth tools for malaria that seamlessly integrate into the workflow of healthcare workers could potentially ameliorate this problem. Successful design and development of these tools require an overarching understanding of the socio-technical context for the problems and opportunities in the application domain. A series of studies involving malaria management in the Millennium Village Project (MVP) cluster in rural Ghana were performed. A new method introduced by the author was applied to prioritize health information needs of stakeholders that have the potential to have a higher impact in solving health related problems. The result of applying this method was a group of impactful interventions for the MVP malaria program in Ghana. Findings from this study were validated with the MVP Ghana eHealth team, and after mutual agreement, an eHealth/mHealth intervention around malaria supply chain management was selected for further study. User-Centered Design (UCD) methods were adapted for use in a resource poor setting. Functional and non-functional requirements were identified. A low fidelity prototype was created and early usability inputs were collected. A high fidelity prototype was created to provide decision support to health workers through visualizations of stock levels and recommendations of quantities to order. Results from evaluation studies of the high fidelity prototype with end users suggest that they perceive the prototype as both easy to use and useful, with a potential for adoption and with a low risk of implementation. Usability problems found during the course of the study should be addressed to increase the potential of adoption. To obtain a more complete list of usability issues, both users’ and experts’ evaluations are recommended as well as the use of native and foreign test facilitators.

A disposição dos povoados, vilas e cidades ao longo do litoral brasileiro sempre foi representação, para a historiografia, da interdependência da Colônia em face da expansão mercantilista européia. Em conseqüência, os estudos sobre a urbanização, fundamentados nos aspectos estruturais e econômicos da Idade Moderna, têm estes espaços como produto cultural dos grupos dominadores. Essa Dissertação de Mestrado procura mudar o foco de análise ao investigar os contextos sociais específicos dos núcleos urbanos nos primeiros eventos do colonialismo. Como suporte para a pesquisa, foram eleitas algumas cidades litorâneas do atual Estado de São Paulo: São Vicente, Santos, Cananéia, Iguape, São Sebastião e Ubatuba. A partir de pesquisas multidisciplinares, entre as Ciências do Urbanismo, História, Arqueologia, Geografia, Sociologia e Antropologia, as investigações evidenciaram a contribuição das sociedades indígenas nos processos de ocupação, não só das Vilas, mas de toda rede urbana. Presentes alguns séculos antes da chegada dos europeus, elegeram essa frente atlântica como habitat, estabelecendo nos nichos ecológicos seus lugares de vivência, estreitamente harmonizados com o meio ambiente. Essas escolhas balizaram a instalação dos futuros espaços urbanos. Os mesmos sítios, antes ocupados por aldeias (grupos locais), serão seqüenciados pela arquitetura de raiz européia. Os novos espaços, portanto, são fruto do encontro cultural entre indígenas e europeus. A percepção do elo afetivo que as pessoas têm com seus lugares, relativo aos povos indígenas, sinalizou que as representações não poderiam traduzir apenas o repertório cultural europeu. Afinal, pequenos grupos de brancos (ou indivíduos!) foram acolhidos por milhares de índios. Interagindo culturalmente conseguiram se adaptar e sobreviver. O novo cenário social decerto moldou a imagem dos aglomerados. A observação dos sítios, cenários ambientais, desenhos e imagens na linha do tempo, revelaram ao longo da pesquisa as evidências de suas singelezas. Uma recorrência nas Vilas estudadas simboliza o enlace dessas vertentes sociais: a articulação do módulo espacial da Matriz com a contigüidade da rua direita. As aproximações dos núcleos germinais foram obtidas com os levantamentos elaborados pelo Engenheiro Militar João da Costa Ferreira e colaboradores no final do século XVIII. Outra fonte cartográfica foi especialmente utilizada: os levantamentos da Comissão Geográfica e Geológica do Estado de São Paulo, do início do século XX. / The disposition of the population, villages and cities on the Brazilian coast from the interdependence of the Colony to the European commercial expansion was always seen thru history. Consequently, the studies based on the structural and economical aspects of the modern age, show these spaces as the product of the cultural dominant groups. This Masters degree theory tries to change the focus of these analyses once it investigates the social specific contexts of the urban areas from the first colony events. As support for this research the coastal cities chosen from the current state of São Paulo were: São Vicente, Santos, Cananéia, Iguape, São Sebastião e Ubatuba. From the multidiscipline researches, among the Sciences of Urbanism, History, Arqueology, Geography, Sociology and Anthropology the investigations prove the contribution from the Natives on the occupation process not only in the villages but also in all urban areas. Present a few centuries before the European arrived; they elected the Atlantic front as their habitat, establishing the places where they would live in straight harmony with the natural environment. These choices had direct influence in the future urban areas. The same places, which were chosen before from the tribes or local groups, would in sequence have the European architectural roots. Therefore the new spaces are the product of the cultural meeting between Europeans and natives. The perceptions of affection that people have with in relation with the places to the natives, demonstrated that it could not only translate the European culture. After all, small groups of whites (or individuals) were accepted by thousands of natives. Interacting culturally they adapted and survived. The new social scenery will definitely mold the image of these groups. The observation of places, environmental scenes and the design and images during the length of time revealed during the research the evidences of its simplicity. A fact in the villages studied symbolizes the enlace of social lines: the articulation of the cathedral with the continuity of direita street. The closeness of the originating groups was obtained from the data elaborated by the Military Engineer João da Costa Ferreira and the collaborators at the end of the eighteenth century. Another resource was used: the research from the Geographic And Geological Commission from the State of São Paulo, from the beginning of the twentieth century.

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Au Laos, les années 1980-1990 furent marquées par d'importantes transformations de la paysannerie, liées d'une part à la politique de déplacement des villages montagnards vers les basses terres et d'autre part, au " décollage " de l'économie laotienne. Ces mutations furent vécues différemment par les sociétés villageoises et sont examinées selon une approche originale, combinant ethnographie, géographie du peuplement et économie rurale, appliquée à six villages d'un des bassins intramontagnards les plus dynamiques du pays : le bassin de Vang Vieng. Ces villages ont été sélectionnés selon plusieurs critères de différenciation tels que la distance du centre urbain, l'appartenance ethnique, l'ancienneté de l'implantation et la dynamique économique dominante : transition vers l'agriculture commerciale, émergence de l'activité minière et développement urbain lié à l'activité touristique et commerciale. De plus, deux de ces villages avaient fait l'objet de comptabilités économiques en 1967, offrant un recul historique rarement disponible. Le réexamen de leur situation à quarante ans d'intervalle permet de mieux comprendre l'impact, sur leurs institutions et sur leurs systèmes d'activités, des politiques de développement mises en œuvre au niveau du district ou du pays. Enfin, le recours à une histoire des relations entre populations taï et montagnardes permet d'analyser la formation et les caractéristiques d'un espace social pluriethnique à l'échelle du bassin, associant processus de laocisation, maintien d'identités ethniques particulières et émergence d'une identité territoriale commune.

This essay discusses the width of the late medieval desertion of farms in Sweden from an archaeological perspective. The object of the essay is to investigate if archaeological investigations and research during the last 10-15 years have changed the view of the late medieval desertion in relation to the Scandinavian research project on deserted farms and villages. The essay also deals with questions on causes to the desertion and when desertion occurred. An ambition of the essay is also to give a general picture of archaeological investigations during the last 10-15 years considering the late medieval desertion. The analyses-material consists mainly of reports from archaeological investigations. Most of the investigations analysed in this essay are investigations of single farms. Because of this it is natural these investigations do not say much about the width of the desertion. As long as an archaeological investigation is not a part of a large project, where the purpose is to show the width of the desertion, one cannot expect that one single investigation will give much information or knowledge about the width. However, if the ambition is to obtain a complete picture of a medieval deserted farm or village, this essay confirms that an archaeological investigation is necessary, willingly in an interdisciplinary cooperation.

The aim of the study is to carry out a comparative causative analysis of population systems in the territory of Lithuania in the 1st–12th century AD. For this purpose, a unique GIS GDB of archaeological sites and find spots of Iron Age in Lithuania was compiled making advantage of the possibilities offered by GIS technologies. The comprehensive analysis of chronological development of territory population (by cultural groups localized in the territory of Lithuania) systems was carried out distinguishing their progression, change, stability and regression stages. The results obtained by detailed cartographic analysis allowed supplementing the data obtained by other researchers who have investigated the structural homogeneity of cultural areas and distinguished their kernel areas, peripheries, unpopulated tribal and intertribal territories, and peripheral areas of mixed cultural possession. Much attention was paid to the boundaries of cultural areas and their changes. The territorial unevenness of the spread of innovations is pointed out and their seed-beds and centres of old tradition distinguished. The regional differences of population and ethnogenetic processes in the territory of Lithuania were evaluated in close correlation with the natural environment as a determining factor of paramount importance. A concept of natural environment and integrity of cultural divisions (ethnogeocoenoses) is presented and used as an ideological and theoretical basis for further structural... [to full text] / Disertacijos tikslas – atlikti I–XII a. Lietuvos teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų palyginamąją priežastinę analizę. Tyrimui sukurta unikali Lietuvos geležies amžiaus archeologinių vietų ir radimviečių GIS GDB, kurios pagrindu, panaudojant GIS technologijas, atlikta išsami skirtingų I–XII a. Lietuvos teritorijoje lokalizuotų kultūrinių regionų teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų chronologinės raidos analizė (skiriant jų plėtros, kaitos, stabilumo bei regresijos laikotarpius). Detalios kartografinės analizės rezultatas – papildyti ir patikslinti iki šiol kitų tyrinėtojų atlikti tyrimai, vertinant kultūrinių regionų struktūrinį nevienalytiškumą, išskiriant juose branduolius, periferiją, tarpgentines ir vidujgentines neapgyventas teritorijas bei mišrios kultūrinės priklausomybės periferines teritorijas. Daug dėmesio skirta kultūrinių regionų riboms, jų kaitai. Atkreiptas dėmesys į inovacijų plitimo teritorinį netolygumą, išskiriant jų židinius bei konservatyviuosius senųjų tradicijų centrus. Lietuvos teritorijos apgyvenimo ir etnogenezės procesų raidos regioniniai skirtumai vertinti neatsiejant jų nuo gamtinės aplinkos – kaip itin svarbaus jų raidą determinuojančio faktoriaus, įtakos vertinimo. Tuo pagrindu parengta gamtinės aplinkos ir kultūrinių darinių integralumo (etnogeocenozių) koncepcija, šiame darbe tapusi teoriniu pagrindu atliekant tolimesnę teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų struktūrinę analizę. Aptariant bendruomenių adaptaciją nevienalytėje gamtinėje aplinkoje, išryškinti Rytų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]