Neste trabalho avaliou-se o desempenho de um reator anaeróbio operado em batelada seqüencial e contendo biomassa imobilizada (ASBBR) em espuma de poliuretano quando submetido a diferentes tempos de alimentação e cargas orgânicas volumétricas, além da aplicação de cargas de choque orgânicas. O reator, com mistura por recirculação da fase líquida e mantido à 30 ± 1 ºC, tratou soro de queijo reconstituído e possuiu 2,5 L de volume reacional. Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de alimentação utilizado exerceu maior influência sobre o desempenho do reator para maiores valores de carga orgânica volumétrica. Durante a operação com carga orgânica volumétrica de 3 gDQO/L.d, a alteração do tempo de alimentação não influenciou na eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica filtrada, que foi de 98%. Sob carregamento orgânico volumétrico de 6 gDQO/L.d, verificou-se tendência de queda daquela variável para maiores tempos de enchimento: 99, 98 e 97%, para tempos de alimentação de 2, 4 e 6 horas, respectivamente. Na operação com carga orgânica volumétrica de 12 gDQO/L.d, o aumento do tempo de alimentação resultou em queda mais significativa da eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica filtrada: 97, 95 e 93%, para tempos de alimentação de 2, 4 e 6 horas, respectivamente. Em todas as condições, a aplicação de cargas de choque de 24 gDQO/L.d causaram o aumento da concentração de ácidos no efluente. No entanto, apesar desse aumento, o reator retomou rapidamente sua estabilidade, sendo a alcalinidade otimizada ao afluente suficiente para manter o pH próximo do neutro durante toda a operação. Independente da carga orgânica volumétrica aplicada, a operação com tempo de alimentação de 2 horas foi aquela que proporcionou maior estabilidade e menor suscetibilidade do processo às cargas de choque orgânicas. / This work assessed the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor containing immobilized biomass (ASBBR) on polyurethane foam when submitted to different feeding times, volumetric loading rate and organic shock loads. The reactor, in which mixing occurred by recirculating the liquid phase, contained 2,5 L reaction medium and was maintained at 30 ± 1 ºC for treating reconstituted cheese whey. Results showed that the effect of feeding time on reactor performance was more pronounced at higher volumetric loading rates. During operation at volumetric loading rate of 3 gDQO/L.d, changing feeding time did not affect filtered organic matter removal efficiency, which amounted to 98%. At volumetric loading rate of 6 gDQO/L.d, removal efficiency showed a tendency to drop at higher feeding times: 99, 98 and 97%, for feeding times of 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. At volumetric loading rate of 12 gDQO/L.d, increase in feeding time resulted in a more significant drop in filtered organic matter removal efficiency: 97, 95 and 93%, for feeding times of 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Application of shock loads of 24 gDQO/L.d caused increase in acids concentration in the effluent, at all conditions. However, despite this increase, the reactor readily regained stability and optimized alkalinity supplementation to the influent was sufficient to maintain near neutral pH during the entire operation. Regardless of applied volumetric loading, operation with feeding time of 2 hours was which yielded maximum stability and reduced susceptibility of the process to organic shock loads.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-24T12:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrepinheirodasilva.pdf: 29097377 bytes, checksum: 94bcde5f459e88c78cffbdf774e348a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:30:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrepinheirodasilva.pdf: 29097377 bytes, checksum: 94bcde5f459e88c78cffbdf774e348a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandrepinheirodasilva.pdf: 29097377 bytes, checksum: 94bcde5f459e88c78cffbdf774e348a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-30 / Neste trabalho vamos apresentar a implantação de duas técnicas fototérmicas: a fotoacústica de câmara aberta que possibilita encontrarmos a difusividade térmica dos materiais, e a técnica pc que fornece o valor do produto da densidade pelo calor específico da substância, conhecido como capacidade térmica volumétrica. Utilizamos também a técnica de lente térmica para a medida da difusividade térmica e do parâmetro dS/dT (taxa de variação do caminho óptico S). As técnicas mencionadas fornecem os parâmetros termo-ópticos (Difusividade Térmica, Condutividade Térmica e dS/dT ) para materiais vítreos como os vidros ferro fosfato, telurito, borossilicato e simulado lunar JSC-1. Modelos teóricos são apresentados e testados. Mostramos que o modelo da flexão termoelástica é dominante na maioria das amostras estudadas. Exceção foi observado no caso de vidros semicondutores (ferro fosfato). Neste caso, correções foram necessárias para o modelo da flexão termoelástica, possibilitando obter: difusividade térmica, coeficiente de difusão de portadores, velocidade de recombinação dos portadores na superfície e tempo de recombinação na superfície. As técnicas foram testadas com amostras de alumínio com 99,99 % de pureza, que possuem as informações térmicas disponíveis na literatura. Nos resultados, identificamos, através da técnica fotoacústica, que o vidro ferro fosfato é um vidro semi-condutor. Vidros ferro fosfato são candidatos para aplicações de vitrificação de resíduos nucleares. Comparações foram feitas com vidros borossilicato que são atualmente usados na vitrificação dos resíduos nucleares. Obtivemos a difusividade térmica, a capacidade térmica volumétrica e a condutividade térmica dos vidros do simulado lunar JSC-1 e telurito. O primeiro se mostrou eficiente para aplicações em exploração espacial e o segundo tem potencial aplicação em dispositivos fotônicos. / In this work we present the implantation of two photothermal techniques : the open cell photoacoustic which allows one to find thermal diffusivity of materials, and pc technique which gives the value of the product of density by specific heat of substance, known as the volumetric heat capacity. We also used the technique of thermal lens for measurement of thermal diffusivity and the parameter dS/dT (the temperature coefficient of the optical path S). The mentioned techniques furnished the thermo-optical parameters (Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Conductivity and dS/dT) of glassy materials such as iron phosphate, tellurite, borosilicate glasses and lunar simulate JSC-1. Theoretical Models are presented and tested. It was shown that the model of thermoelastic bending is dominant in most samples studied. Exception is observed in the case of semiconducting glasses (iron phosphate). In this case, corrections were necessary to the bending model, and allowed one to obtain: thermal diffusivity, carrier 's diffusion coefficient, carriers surface recombination velocity and surface recombination time. Techniques were tested with aluminum samples with 99.99 % purity, which have the thermal information available in the literature. As a result, we identified, through the photoacoustic technique, that iron phosphate glass is a semiconductor glass. Iron phosphate are candidates for nuclear waste vitrification applications. Comparison was made with borosilicate glasses that are currently used for nuclear waste vitrification. We also obtained the thermal diffusivity, the volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of simulated lunar JSC-1 and tellurite glasses. The former proved efficient applications in space exploration and the latter has potential applications as photonic device.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-22T19:24:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Stela Maris de Souza Stein_Dissertação.pdf: 8888258 bytes, checksum: ba753cb4bf38e36f1701df0e2a931063 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-22T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Stela Maris de Souza Stein_Dissertação.pdf: 8888258 bytes, checksum: ba753cb4bf38e36f1701df0e2a931063 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Sem bolsa / A presente pesquisa teve como propósito investigar a importância do ensino da Geometria utilizando as construções geométricas, em uma aproximação com conceitos matemáticos. Tratou-se da arte de ensinar Matemática a partir de um estudo sociocultural, que envolveu desde a trajetória do ensino do Desenho Geométrico no país e em especial na ETFPel (Escola Técnica Federal de Pelotas), culminando em um trabalho na abordagem etnomatemática desenvolvido na disciplina de Estudos Volumétricos, com estudantes do curso técnico da área de Design do IF Sul-rio-grandense. Em princípio, analisam-se as aproximações e afastamentos históricos do ensino do Desenho Geométrico e da Geometria para compreender a trajetória de abandono e descaso dos saberes geométricos na educação básica do país. Utiliza-se o conceito de Etnomatemática de D'Ambrósio para justificar a proposta de um ensino dinâmico que busca envolver os Estudos de Volumes, arte e criatividade, conceitos fundamentais quando se trata de currículo. Optou-se pela estratégia de visualização matemática no contexto em que os sujeitos estão inseridos – Patrimônio Cultural da cidade de Pelotas/RS – para elaboração de projetos volumétricos inovadores que proporcionaram um olhar diferenciado na identificação dos traços geométricos, servindo como referencial na construção do bidimensional e sua concretização no tridimensional. Utilizou-se como metodologia, a pesquisa-ação com procedimentos flexíveis, havendo uma interação efetiva e ampla entre pesquisador e pesquisados. A coleta de dados da pesquisa se deu por meio de questionários e relatos de visita técnica ao Patrimônio Histórico da cidade e seu tratamento se deu através de análise temática desse material. O produto da pesquisa se constituiu na apostila de Estudos Volumétricos na qual está registrado o plano de trabalho e seu desenvolvimento. Finalizo enfatizando a relevância do estudo do Desenho Geométrico e dos projetos temáticos no sentido de ampliar os saberes matemáticos de forma criativa, no sentido de uma Educação Matemática diferenciada. / This research aimed at investigating the importance of Geometry teaching using geometric constructions, in an approximation with mathematical concepts. The art of teaching Mathematics has been dealt with in a sociocultural study, which involved from the trajectory of Geometric Design teaching in Brazil and especially at the Federal Technical School of Pelotas (ETFPel), to a work under the ethnomathematical approach developed in the discipline of Volumetric Strudies, with students of the technical course in Design, at the IFSul (Sul-rio-grandense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology). The historical approaching and moving away from Geometric Design teaching and Geometry teaching have been analyzed, in order to understand the trajectory of abandonment and neglect of geometrical knowledge in Brazilian basic education. D’Ambrósio’s concept of Ethnomathematics has been used to justify the proposal of a dynamic teaching which attempts to involve Volumetric Studies, art and creativity – core concepts when curriculum is concerned. The strategy chosen has been mathematical visualization in the context of the subjects – that is, the cultural heritage of Pelotas/RS – for the development of innovative volumetric projects which allowed a distinct look at the identification of geometric tracery, serving as a reference point for bidimensional construction and its tridimensional concretion. The methodological approach used has been that of action research, with flexible procedures and effective and extensive interaction between researcher and participants. Data have been collected through questionnaires as well as through reports of a technical visit to the town’s historical sites, and the material treated by means of thematic analysis. The research has produced a handout of Volumetric Studies in which the work plan and its development are registered. The conclusions emphasize the relevance of Geometric Design and of thematic projects for creatively expanding mathematical knowledge, towards a differentiated Mathematical Education.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de la synthèse d’images texturées. Dans l’objectif d’assurer une reproduction fidèle des motifs et des variations d’orientations d’une texture initiale, un algorithme de synthèse de texture à deux étapes « structure/texture » est proposé. Il s’agit, dans une première étape, de réaliser la synthèse d’une couche de structure caractérisant la géométrie de l’exemplaire et représentée par un champ de tenseurs de structure et, dans une deuxième étape, d’utiliser le champ de structure résultant pour contraindre la synthèse d’une couche de texture portant des variations plus locales. Une réduction du temps d’exécution est ensuite développée, fondée notamment sur l’utilisation de pyramides Gaussiennes et la parallélisation des calculs mis en oeuvre.Afin de démontrer la capacité de l’algorithme proposé à reproduire fidèlement l’aspect visuel des images texturées considérées, la méthode est testée sur une variété d’échantillons de texture et évaluée objectivement à l’aide de statistiques du 1er et du 2nd ordre du champ d’intensité et d’orientation. Les résultats obtenus sont de qualité supérieure ou équivalente à ceux obtenus par des algorithmes de la littérature. Un atout majeur de l’approche proposée est son aptitude à synthétiser des textures avec succès dans de nombreuses situations où les algorithmes existants ne parviennent pas à reproduire les motifs à grande échelle.L’approche de synthèse structure/texture proposée est étendue à la synthèse de texture couleur. La synthèse de texture 3D est ensuite abordée et, finalement, une extension à la synthèse de texture de forme spécifiée par une texture imposée est mise en oeuvre, montrant la capacité de l’approche à générer des textures de formes arbitraires en préservant les caractéristiques de la texture initiale. / This work is a part of the texture synthesis context. Aiming to ensure a faithful reproduction of the patterns and variations of orientations of the input texture, a two-stage structure/texture synthesis algorithm is proposed. It consists of synthesizing the structure layer showing the geometry of the exemplar and represented by the structure tensor field in the first stage, and using the resulting tensor field to constrain the synthesis of the texture layer holding more local variations, in the second stage. An acceleration method based on the use of Gaussian pyramids and parallel computing is then developed.In order to demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to faithfully reproduce the visual aspect of the considered textures, the method is tested on various texture samples and evaluated objectively using statistics of 1st and 2nd order of the intensity and orientation field. The obtained results are of better or equivalent quality than those obtained using the algorithms of the literature. A major advantage of the proposed approach is its capacity in successfully synthesizing textures in many situations where traditional algorithms fail to reproduce the large-scale patterns.The structure/texture synthesis approach is extended to color texture synthesis. 3D texture synthesis is then addressed and finally, an extension to the synthesis of specified form textures using an imposed texture is carried out, showing the capacity of the approach in generating textures of arbitrary forms while preserving the input texture characteristics.

No description available.

Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation et l’analyse de la propagation électromagnétique dans un milieu forestier dans les bandes VHF et UHF. L’objectif principal est le développement d’un modèle numérique "full-wave" tridimensionnel de diffusion par la forêt permettant de caractériser l’interaction d’une onde électromagnétique avec un milieu forestier. Un tel modèle s’avère, actuellement, un outil indispensable à l’analyse des mesures radar pour l’étude des paramètres caractéristiques de la forêt tels que la biomasse forestière, la hauteur des arbres et leur densité. La complexité numérique de ce modèle a limité son domaine d’application à de petites parcelles de forêt et aux basses fréquences. Pour pouvoir traiter de larges zones forestières tout en montant en fréquence, et s’approcher ainsi des besoins et exigences des utilisateurs potentiels de notre modèle, nous avons intégré à ce modèle une méthode numérique efficace dédiée à l’analyse de larges problèmes électromagnétiques. La méthode en question,connue sous le nom de Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM) était récemment développée dans le laboratoire de Communication et Electromagnétisme de l’université PennState dirigé par le Professeur Mittra. Après une optimisation et une adaptation au problème d’intérêt, la CBFM réalise d’excellentes performances et nous permet une diminution considérable du temps de calcul et des besoins en espace mémoire sans pour autant dégrader la qualité des résultats obtenus ou altérer la fidélité du modèle à la réalité du problème électromagnétique traité. / A 3-D full-wave model, based on the integral representation of the electric field and dedicatedto the analysis of bi-static scattering mechanisms by a forest in the VHF and UHF bands wasefficiently enhanced. In order to overcome the limitation of a previous 3D model to small simulationsscenes and low frequencies, we have developed, during this research work, a new model using basis functionsadapted to the problem of interest, in the context of the Characteristic Basis Function Method(CBFM) and we investigated the suitability of this direct method for computing the electromagneticfields inside and outside three-dimensional dielectric objects representing the tree trunks and branches.The CBFM has shown great performances, when applied to the forest scattering modeling, both interms of CPU time and memory resources needed. Once properly set, the CBFM-E is so efficient thatit is able to treat in few minutes electromagnetic problems totally intractable with the classical MoM.Consequently, we have developed a powerful 3D forest electromagnetic scattering tool which allows ustoday to compute large forest electromagnetic problems in few minutes without worrying about theaccuracy of the solution. On the other hand, we have demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of theCBFM-E when applied to 3D dielectric objects in the context of the electric volumetric integral equation,and have consolidated thus its leading position in the computational electromagnetics, especiallyagainst the iterative solvers based numerical methods.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The North West Shelf of Australia is a prolific gas province. The Thebe Gas Field is situated within the northern central Exmouth Plateau in the Northern Carnarvon Basin. The Exmouth Plateau is a submerged continental block whose culmination lies at about 800m below sea level. The seismic data used for this study is the HEX07B survey which was conducted in 2007. The objective of this study was to interpret all available seismic data, of which six horizons were picked, generating two-way-time structure maps and an average velocity map, performing depth conversion and generating various depth maps. The horizons picked were the economic basement, Triassic Mungaroo, Murat Siltstone, Muderong Shale, Gearle Siltstone and the Sea Bed. The horizon of interest was the Triassic Mungaroo Formation and therefore it was the only horizon with an average velocity map. The seismic sections were used in conjunction with the structure maps generated to identify possible locations for appraisal wells to be drilled. Prospect X was identified on the basis of amplitude and structure present within the Triassic Mungaroo Formation. The final task was to calculate the volumes present and a Monte-Carlo Simulation was used for this. The results obtained showed that Prospect X has a good petroleum system in place. The Mungaroo Formation is identified as being the possible source and reservoir rock, the Muderong Shale is the seal, structural traps are provided by large fault block and faults provided the migration pathways from the source in to the reservoir. The volumes were calculated using three areas identified on the structure maps by three closing contours. These areas are the P90, P50, P10 and the volumes for the gas in place were as follows, P90 = 893 Bcf (0.9Tcf), P50 = 1128 Bcf (1.1 Tcf), P10 = 1367 Bcf (1.4Tcf). Using the various parameters the probability of success for Prospect X was calculated to be 20%.

abstract: There has been a renewed interest to understand the degradation mechanism of concrete under radiation as many nuclear reactors are reaching their expiration date. Much of the information on the degradation mechanism of concrete under radiation comes from the experiments, which are carried out on very small specimens. With the advent of finite element analysis, a numerical predictive tool is desired that can predict the extent of damage in the nuclear concrete structure. A mesoscale micro-structural framework is proposed in Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) finite element framework which represents the first step in this direction. As part of the framework, a coupled creep damage algorithm was developed and implemented in MOOSE. The algorithm considers creep through rheological models, while damage evolves exponentially as a function of elastic strain and creep strain. A characteristic length is introduced in the formulation such that the energy release rate associated with each element remains the same to avoid vanishing energy dissipation with mesh refinement. A creep damage parameter quantifies the effect of creep strain on the damage that was calibrated using three-point bending experiments with varying rates of loading. The creep damage model was also validated with restrained ring shrinkage tests on cementitious materials containing compliant/stiff inclusions subjected to variable drying conditions. The simulation approach explicitly considers: (i) moisture diffusion driven differential shrinkage along the depth of the specimen (ii) viscoelastic response of aging cementitious materials (iii) isotropic damage model with Rankine′s failure initiation criterion, and (iv) random distribution of tensile strengths of individual finite elements. The model was finally validated with experimental results on neutron-irradiated concrete. The simulation approach considers: (i) coupled hygro-thermal model to predict the temperature and humidity profile inside the specimen (ii) radiation-induced volumetric expansion of aggregates (RIVE) (iii) thermal, shrinkage and creep effects based on the temperature and humidity profile and (iv) isotropic damage model with Rankine’s criterion to determine failure initiation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la synthétisation de paysages naturels, et plus particulièrement, à leur portion céleste. L’aspect du ciel est gouverné par de nombreux phénomènes atmosphériques parmi lesquels les nuages jouent un rôle prépondérant car ils sont fréquemment présents et couvrent de grandes étendues. Même sans considérer directement le ciel, la densité des nuages leur permet de modifier intensément l’illumination globale d’un paysage. Les travaux de cette thèse se concentrent donc principalement sur l’édition, la modélisation et l’animation d’étendues nuageuses aux dimensions d’un paysage. Comme la simulation thermodynamique de la formation des nuages est difficilement contrôlable et que les détails du volume simulés sont rapidement limités, nous proposons plutôt une méthode par génération procédurale. Nous érigeons un modèle léger de paysage nuageux sous forme d’une hiérarchie de fonctions. Les détails les plus fins sont obtenus par composition de bruits procéduraux et reproduisent les formes de différents genres de nuages. La présence nuageuse à grande échelle est quant à elle décrite à haut niveau et à différents instants par des cartes dessinées par l’utilisateur. Ces cartes discrètes sont transformées en primitives implicites statiques ensuite interpolées par métamorphose en prenant en compte le relief et les vents pour produire des trajectoires cohérentes. Le champ implicite obtenu par mélange des primitives interpolantes constitue le champ spatiotemporel de densité nuageuse. Des images sont finalement synthétisées par rendu du milieu participatif atmosphérique selon notre propre implémentation exécutée en parallèle sur carte graphique / This thesis focusses on the synthetization of natural landscapes, and more particularly on their celestial part. The aspect of the sky is governed by plenty of atmospheric phenomena, among which clouds play a major role for they are recurrent and widespread. Even without directly considering the sky, the density of the clouds allows them to intensely modify the global illumination of a landscape. The work of this thesis thus focuses mainly on the editing, modelling and animation of cloud areas of landscape dimensions.Because the thermodynamic simulation of cloud formation is hard to control and its maximum resolution quickly limits the details of the simulated volume, we propose instead a procedural generation method. We build a lightweight cloudscape model as a hierarchy of functions. The finest details are obtained by composing procedural noises and reproduce the specific shapes of different kinds of clouds. The large-scale cloud presence is described at a high level and at different times by maps drawn by the user. These discrete maps are transformed into implicit static primitives and then interpolated by morphing, accounting for relief and winds in order to produce coherent trajectories. The implicit field obtained by mixing the interpolating primitives represents the spatiotemporal field of cloud density. Images are finally synthesized by rendering of the atmospheric participative medium according to our own implementation, executed in parallel on a graphic card

Las tecnologías conocidas como Haptic Technology y Volumetric Display permiten que el usuario pueda percibir objetos virtuales, por medio de la vista o el tacto, en el mundo real. Estas tecnologías buscan que la interacción entre el mundo virtual y el ser humano deje de tener como intermediario algún computador y que la interacción entre estos sea de forma más directa. Para utilizar estas tecnologías es necesario el uso de ciertos dispositivos, los cuales permiten que el usuario se percate de estos objetos virtuales en su entorno físico. Seria provechoso que el Perú se enfocara en la investigación de estas tecnologías debido a la revolución que tendrán en el rubro de medicina, rubro industrial, mundo de los juegos, entre otros. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo presentar un Roadmap de Proyectos basado en las técnicas de desarrollo de estas tecnologías para su implementación en futuros proyectos generados en el Perú. / Technologies known as Haptic Technology and Volumetric Display allow the user to perceive virtual objects, through sight or touch, in the real world. These technologies seek that the interaction between the virtual world and the human being ceases to have a computer as an intermediary and that the interaction between them be more direct. To use these technologies, it is necessary certain devices, which allow the user to be aware of these virtual objects in their physical environment. It would be beneficial for Peru to focus on the investigation of these technologies due to the revolution that they will have in the field of medicine, the industrial sector, the world of games, among others. The objective of this research work is to present a Project Roadmap based on the development techniques of these technologies for their implementation in future projects generated in Peru. / Trabajo de investigación