This thesis examines the strategies young children use to develop a common set of goals when collaborating on a group art work. Teachers at Sabot School spend a great deal of time in discussion of children's group work. By concentrating on one project in my preschool classroom, I reached a greater understanding of the way children work together on a group project. This understanding enriched my practice of teaching so that I could become a better facilitator of similar projects in the future. The information is valuable to me and the other Sabot School teachers when planning future group projects, especially when discussing strategies for supporting children's group processes. It is also be of value to teachers and education students who are interested in learning about the Reggio Emilia approach in American classrooms, social constructivism in the classroom, and the possibilities of art in early childhood. In this project, my four and five year old students worked together to create a clay sculpture of a wild area outside the playground fence at our school. I was interested in the way I could support this group project using Vygotsky's idea of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). In the ZPD a child can accomplish tasks they are not developmentally ready to master if they have the support of a teacher or more skilled peer. This study revealed that children and teachers can use words and actions to support cognitive as well as social-emotional learning while working together.

Goal of the thesis is to present main topics of L. S. Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory, especially with respect to the question of nature and character of human being. It's focused on philosophical and scientifical sources of the cultural-historical theory and the development of Vygotsky's thinking during his professional career. It attempts to picture his concept in the context of his life, as well as in the context of ideas and historic events of his era.

The thesis deals with the issue of non-native language instruction of content subjects in a Czech secondary education environment. This topic is viewed upon through the prism of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The theoretical part discusses the learners' competences as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, Krashen's Monitor Model theory, Interactive Hypothesis, Constructivism and Participatory Learning Theory and finally Vygotsky's theoretical concepts. The question is raised whether or not such an approach is feasible to be used in ordinary educational settings; which is addressed in the analytical part, which examines a CLIL project that was run. While discussing World War One, it combined the instruction of English and History. Consequently, the evaluation part of this thesis argues that CLIL is feasible, as it promotes the learners' competences and the whole set of their intelligences.

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Student Number : 0111318E - M Ed research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / This research report explores the unique nature of literature and its efficacy as a dialogically mediating tool. In this study, drawing primarily on the theories of Vygotsky and Bakhtin, the dialogical small-group teaching of nine A Level students is considered, (with the teaching aimed to be within this group’s Zone of Proximal Development) it was found axiomatic that there was a supporting framework of schemes, tropes, narrative role taking, schemata theory and genre, among other concepts. Qualitative analysis of the edited transcripts from eight consecutive seminars substantiates these theoretical presumptions and leads to the conclusion that literature, in this case the prescribed poems of Elizabeth Jennings, is an highly efficacious, dialogically mediating, pedagogical tool.

This research report attempts to establish the cognitive consequences of the disruption of schooling. Specifically the report investigates Vygotsky and Luna’s claim that formal schooling necessarily produces scientific concepts in learners, by examining the performance of learners who had been subjected to disrupted schooling. On the basis of empirical research conducted, the report challenges Vygotsky and Luria's claim about the cognitive consequences of schooling.

Esta tese procura identificar o conceito de cérebro na obra de Vigotski, analisando como este conceito relaciona-se com os fundamentos da psicologia histórico-cultural. A partir disso, discute possíveis implicações desse conceito para a educação, face a um cenário educacional onde as relações entre neurociência e educação recebem atenção crescente de ambos os campos. Trata-se de um trabalho teórico, baseado na produção teórica de Vigotski realizada no período de 1924 a 1934, ano de sua morte. Entre as dezenas de obras conhecidas do psicólogo bielorrusso, foram selecionados e analisados vinte textos nos quais o tema cérebro é abordado de forma mais particularizada. A partir dessa análise, pôde-se concluir que as teorias de Vigotski sobre o cérebro estão intrinsecamente relacionadas com os fundamentos da psicologia histórico-cultural. A abordagem vigotskiana do cérebro se deu de forma densa e inovadora, considerando o que se conhece atualmente a partir das descobertas da neurociência. Entre estas ideias, pode-se destacar a constituição da consciência a partir da internalização da experiência social, o funcionamento cerebral através de sistemas funcionais em oposição à visão localizacionista, os sinais como conexões extra-cerebrais de origem cultural e a defesa do monismo psicofísico, entre outros, caracterizando uma abordagem materialista da psique que entende o cérebro como a base material da consciência. Destaca-se a importância de considerar como parte da fundamentação da obra vigotskiana sua concepção sobre o humano enquanto organismo, o que não implica necessariamente em uma visão reducionista pelo contrário, a fundamentação filosófica materialista e marxista de Vigotski o exige. No que se refere à educação, debate-se a importância de reconhecer que a relação com a neurociência não deve servir como uma roupagem atual para a medicalização e patologização das relações escolares, ousando-se propor que, se alguma contribuição pode ser feita pela neurociência à educação, que seja a favor da defesa da potencialidade para o aprendizado de todos os alunos e alunas. / This thesis covers the concept of brain in the work of Vygotsky, analyzing how this concept relates to the foundations of cultural-historical psychology. It also discusses the possible educational implications of this approach, taking into account an educational setting where relationships between neuroscience and education receive increased attention from both camps. It is a theoretical work, based on Vygotsky\'s production in the period 1924 to 1934, the year of his death. Among the dozens of known works of the Belarusian psychologist, were selected and analyzed twenty texts in which the brain is the topic addressed in a more particularized. From this analysis, we concluded that Vygotsky\'s theories on the brain are deeply related to the foundations of cultural-historical psychology. His approach to the brain occurred in a dense and innovative, even considering what is currently known from the discoveries of neuroscience. Among these ideas, we can highlight the creation of consciousness from the internalization of social experience, brain function through functional systems as opposed to localizing view, the signals as extra-cerebral connections of cultural and defense of psychophysical monism, among other, featuring a materialist approach that understands the psyche of the brain as the material basis of consciousness. We emphasize the importance of considering as part of the grounds of its design work on the Vygotskyan as human body, which does not necessarily imply a reductionist view - on the contrary, the philosophical foundation of Marxist materialism and Vygotsky demands. In relation to education, debate the importance of recognizing that the relationship with neuroscience should not serve as a guise for the current medicalization and pathologizing school, daring to propose that if a contribution can be made by neuroscience to education, that is in favor of the defense capability for the learning of all pupils and students.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-02-23T16:48:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Diss Ellen Côrrea 2017.pdf: 6103976 bytes, checksum: 91fd13d02ff7b32d7f1b405f8234b306 (MD5) estequiometria-na-sala-de-aula-de-quimica-producao-educacional-ellen-correa 2017.pdf: 1818696 bytes, checksum: 58de2ece1ddc0f5d00d8ef02468157b8 (MD5) / Rejected by Vera Leite (vera.leite@unipampa.edu.br), reason: Colocar grande área CNPQ on 2018-03-01T14:37:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-03-13T15:20:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Diss Ellen Côrrea 2017.pdf: 6103976 bytes, checksum: 91fd13d02ff7b32d7f1b405f8234b306 (MD5) estequiometria-na-sala-de-aula-de-quimica-producao-educacional-ellen-correa 2017.pdf: 1818696 bytes, checksum: 58de2ece1ddc0f5d00d8ef02468157b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dayse Pestana (dayse.pestana@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-03-15T12:42:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Diss Ellen Côrrea 2017.pdf: 6103976 bytes, checksum: 91fd13d02ff7b32d7f1b405f8234b306 (MD5) estequiometria-na-sala-de-aula-de-quimica-producao-educacional-ellen-correa 2017.pdf: 1818696 bytes, checksum: 58de2ece1ddc0f5d00d8ef02468157b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T12:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Diss Ellen Côrrea 2017.pdf: 6103976 bytes, checksum: 91fd13d02ff7b32d7f1b405f8234b306 (MD5) estequiometria-na-sala-de-aula-de-quimica-producao-educacional-ellen-correa 2017.pdf: 1818696 bytes, checksum: 58de2ece1ddc0f5d00d8ef02468157b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / O presente trabalho contempla as investigações acerca de uma intervenção realizada por meio de uma sequência de ensino, que abordou os conteúdos relacionados à estequiometria. Teve como objetivo compreender o ensino e o aprendizado destes conteúdos, de estudantes de uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública da cidade de Bagé, no Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa realizada e as aulas tiveram referência nos pressupostos de Vygotsky. Assim, as relações interpessoais foram valorizadas durante as atividades didáticas, e conceitos como mediação e Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal, ganharam destaque. No que tange à estequiometria percebe-se que esta é mencionada, por diferentes autores, como um conteúdo de difícil compreensão pelos estudantes. Porém, é considerada como um importante conhecimento da Química, vinculado diretamente com a atuação da ciência na sociedade. As atividades desempenhadas em sala de aula contaram com recursos variados, como experimentos e um jogo de tabuleiro. A análise da intervenção foi realizada por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Dentre os principais resultados destacamos a melhoria da motivação, do engajamento e da participação dos estudantes. Consideramos que houve a melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem, por meio da interatividade entre os próprios alunos e os alunos e a professora. / The present work contemplates the investigations about an intervention made through a teaching proposal, which approached the contents related to stoichiometry. The objective of this study was to understand about the teaching and learning of these contents, from students of a 2nd grade high school class, of a public school in the city of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul. The research done and the classes had reference in the assumptions of Vygotsky. Thus, interpersonal relations were valued during didactic activities, and concepts such as mediation and Zone of Proximal Development, gained prominence. As far as stoichiometry is concerned, it is perceived that this is mentioned by different authors as a content difficult to understand by students. However, it is considered as an important knowledge of Chemistry, directly linked to the performance of science in society. Classroom activities featured a variety of resources, such as experiments and a board game. The analysis of the intervention was performed through Discursive Textual Analysis. Among the main results we highlight the improvement of student motivation, engagement and participation. We believe that there was an improvement in teaching and learning, through interactivity between the students themselves and the students and the teacher.

Da totalidade da produção vygotskiana sobre arte, há duas obras editadas e traduzidas para vários idiomas: o ensaio sobre Hamlet, A tragédia de Hamlet, príncipe da Dinamarca, de 1915-6, e Psicologia da arte, de 1925. Ambas foram editadas em russo em um mesmo volume somente em 1965. Entre elas, há uma intensa produção do autor como crítico teatral e literário, que até muito pouco tempo constava apenas de listagens de bibliografias e era inédita mesmo em russo. Assim, o objetivo da presente tese é contribuir para a superação dessa importante lacuna na divulgação da obra inicial de Vygotski (entre 1915 e 1926). O corpus investigado compreende um vasto conjunto de resenhas e artigos, principalmente sobre literatura e teatro, além de uma breve incursão no campo das artes plásticas. A partir do levantamento e exame dessa produção, foi feita a tradução diretamente do russo de uma seleção de textos inéditos em português. Esse material foi agrupado temática e cronologicamente em oito eixos: 1) teatro e revolução; 2) crítica literária; 3) crítica teatral sobre a Companhia Solovtsóv; 4) crítica teatral sobre o teatro judaico de Rubin; 5) crítica teatral balanço; 6) dança; 7) teatro infantil; 8) artes plásticas. A tese está dividida em dois blocos principais: no primeiro deles são comentadas as produções do Vygotski conhecido (A tragédia de Hamlet, príncipe da Dinamarca e Psicologia da arte), ao passo que o segundo é dedicado ao comentário sobre os textos inéditos selecionados, cujas traduções são apresentadas em anexo. O Vygótski-crítico que conhecemos a partir do material estudado é alguém com grande sensibilidade estética e também um militante pelo desenvolvimento de uma cena de qualidade nos palcos provincianos. Sua perspectiva sobre a arte busca superar tanto o reducionismo de uma tendência estritamente formal quanto da estética marxista vulgar. / From all Vygotsky\'s works on art, two of them were edited and translated into several languages: the essay on Hamlet from 1915-6 and Psychology of art, from 1925. Both came to light in Russian in a single edition only in 1965. Between them, the author has produced extensively as a theatrical and literary critic. This production has appeared only in bibliographical listings, but remained, until very short ago, unpublished even in Russian. Thus, the objective of the present thesis is to contribute to overcome this gap in the divulgation of Vygotsky\'s initial work (1915-1926). The investigated corpus comprises a vast number of reviews and articles, mainly on literature and theater, plus a brief incursion in the field of plastic arts. From the survey and exam of this production, a selection of texts previously unpublished in Portuguese was translated directly from Russian. This material was thematically and chronologically grouped in eight axes: 1) theater and revolution; 2) literary criticism; 3) theatrical criticism on Solovtsov troupe; 4) theatrical criticism on Rubins Jewish theater; 5) theatrical criticism overview; 6) dance; 7) children\'s theater; 8) plastic arts. The thesis is divided in two main parts: the first is dedicated to the production of the known Vygotsky (essay on Hamlet and Psychology of art), while the second provides comments on the selected unpublished texts, whose translations are presented in the appendix. The Vygotsky-critic that we get to know from the examined material is someone with great aesthetical sensibility and a militant for the development of a qualified scene in the provincial stage. His perspective on art seeks to overcome the reductionism of a strictly formal approach as well as vulgar Marxist aesthetics.

This study addresses the question: How do the structural conditions of university organisation modulate subject position, social relations and discourse and therefore shape individual consciousness and activity? The response is informed by an empirical pedagogical problem located at the tertiary level in Japan: What makes acquirers attain higher levels of language mastery in foreign language (Spanish) settings informed by communicative language teaching? The attempted answer is framed within cultural-historical activity theory, the cultural theory of Holland et al. (2001), and Basil Bernstein’s code theory. These theories have been combined using Marxian-Hegelian notions of culture and subject, which allow language development and mastery to be treated as the acquisition by an individual of a cultural tool (semiotic mediation) subject to both individual agency and historical forces. The organisational and pedagogical contexts of three institutions engaged in Spanish language education have been analysed using motive-action/educational task as the unit of analysis that situates the observation in between micro and macro levels of analysis, in combination with the methodologies for ascertaining subject position provided by Bernstein’s code theory and the cultural theory of Holland et al. This procedure made it possible to determine acquirers’ coding orientations (orientations to meaning) and to establish comparisons between organisation and learning settings. The findings indicate that acquirers who have a formal trajectory of language learning and who are able to recognise grammar instructional discourse – i.e., who possess a representational gaze – attain better levels of language mastery (active realisation) than those with informal trajectories (e.g. learning languages overseas in a conversational fashion without following a formal programme) and who do not recognise grammar instructional discourse. Evidence is provided to indicate that there is no way to avoid representational-function programmes. The bottom-up move within Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development is suggested as a feasible intervention without a drastic reshaping of the programmes.