Detta är en korrelationsstudie med avsikt att undersöka förhållandet mellan personlighetsegenskaper och kognitiva förmågor samt detta förhållandes inverkan på prestation. Studien är baserad på övningstestningar (n = 176) med WAIS-III, FAS, det lexikala beslutstestet SLDT samt personlighetsformuläret SSP, genomförda under informella former. Signifikanta negativa korrelationer förelåg mellan resultat på kognitiva test och personlighetsvariablerna Bitterhet, Somatisk Ångestbenägenhet, Psykisk Ångestbenägenhet, Stresskänslighet och Misstroende. Ett starkt positivt samband framkom mellan Somatisk ångestbenägenhet och antalet som riktiga ord skattade pseudoord i SLDT. Ett starkt negativt samband framkom mellan Bitterhet och samtliga skalindex i WAIS-III. Signifikanta negativa korrelationer förelåg vidare mellan en genom komponentanalys erhållen Neuroticism-faktor och resultat på WAIS-III. Jämförda med tidigare forskningsresultat är flera här redovisade korrelationer anmärkningsvärt starka. Som en bland flera tänkbara förklaringar till detta diskuteras möjligheten av stärkt ekologisk validitet vid testning under informella omständigheter. Vidare diskuteras bl a möjliga kopplingar mellan Somatisk ångestbenägenhet och alexitymi respektive verbal rigiditet samt mellan Bitterhet och flytande intelligens respektive exekutiva funktioner.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur den svenska versionen av WAIS-IV förhåller sig till sin föregångare WAIS-III. Samma försökspersoner testades vid två olika tillfällen med såväl WAIS-IV som WAIS-III för att undersöka om det förelåg skillnader mellan försökspersonernas testresultat från de två olika versionerna. Resultatet visade att det för hela gruppen försökspersoner förelåg signifikanta positiva och starka korrelationer mellan jämförda index och deltest, vilket tyder på att jämförda index och deltest mäter liknande kognitiva konstrukt. Avseende index; IK Hela skalan (HIK) förelåg i samtliga grupper, oavsett administrationsordningen för de två versionerna av skalorna, en signifikant högre genomsnittlig IK-poäng vid testning med WAIS-III jämfört med den genomsnittliga IK-poäng som erhölls vid testning med WAIS-IV. Denna differens kan tolkas som en konsekvens av Flynn-effektens påverkan på försökspersonernas genomsnittliga poängresultat.

BAKGRUND: Fysisk aktivitet har påvisats ha en positiv effekt på de områden i hjärnan som är kopplade till inlärning och minne. Dock är det oklart hur stor påverkan en individs fysiska kapacitetsnivå har på dessa områden. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att undersöka ifall en intervention i form av fysisk aktivitet kan påverka arbetsminnet, och ifall en grupp individer presterar annorlunda på ett arbetsminnestest efter interventionen beroende på deras syreupptagningsförmåga. METOD: Studien hade en kvantitativ och kvasiexperimentell design utan kontrollgrupp. En grupp om 33 kvinnor, åldern 20-30 år utförde testet som bestod utav minnestestet Letter-number sequencing task före och efter 10 minuters intervention i form av submaximal ergometercykling. Samtidigt som interventionen beräknades individernas maximala syreupptagningsförmåga med hjälp av Åstrands cykelergometertest. Beroende av resultatet på cykelergometertestet delades testpersonerna in i två grupper som representerade hög/mycket hög (grupp 1) syreupptagningsförmåga respektive låg/genomsnittlig (grupp 2) syreupptagningsförmåga. RESULTAT: Medianvärdet på LNS innan interventionen var 20,5 för grupp 1 (n=20) respektive 21 för grupp 2 (n=13). Detta medianvärde förbättrades med en enhet för båda grupperna vid LNS efter interventionen. Skillnaden inom gruppresultaten före och efter interventionen var icke-signifikant med ett P-värde på 0,614 för grupp 1 och 0,891 för grupp 2. Skillnaden i förändring mellan grupperna var heller ej signifikant med ett P-värde på 0,854. KONKLUSION: Arbetsminnet påverkades inte av 10 minuters fysisk aktivitet i någon av gruppjämförelserna. En individs syreupptagningsförmåga verkar heller inte påverka arbetsminnet. / BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been shown to have a positive effect on the areas of the brain connected to learning and memory. Even so, it is uncertain how much a person’s level of physical capacity influences these areas. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine if an intervention of physical activity could affect working memory, and whether a group of people perform differently during a working memory test after the intervention depending on their oxygen uptake. METHODS: The study had a quantitive and quasiexperimental design without control group. A group of 33 women, 20-30 years of age, conducted the test which consisted of the memory test Letter-number sequencing task before and after 10 minutes of submaximal ergometer cycling. During the intervention the individual’s maximal oxygen uptake was calculated with the Åstrand cycle ergometer test. Depending on the results from the cycle ergometer test, the testsubjects was split into two groups which represented high/very high (group 1) oxygen uptake and low/average (group 2) oxygen uptake. RESULTS: The median of LNS before the intervention was 20,5 for group 1 (n=20) and 21 for group 2 (n=13). This median improved with one unit for both groups at LNS after the intervention. The difference between the results within the groups before and after the intervention proved to be non-significant with a P-value of 0,614 for group 1 and 0,891 for group 2. The difference in change between the groups was neither significant with a P-value of 0,854. CONCLUSION: Working memory was not affected of 10 minutes of physical activity in neither of the comparison between the groups. It also seems that an individual’s oxygen uptake doesn’t affect working memory.

BAKGRUND: Fysisk aktivitet har påvisats ha en positiv effekt på de områden i hjärnan som är kopplade till inlärning och minne. Dock är det oklart hur stor påverkan en individs fysiska kapacitetsnivå har på dessa områden. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att undersöka ifall en intervention i form av fysisk aktivitet kan påverka arbetsminnet, och ifall en grupp individer presterar annorlunda på ett arbetsminnestest efter interventionen beroende på deras syreupptagningsförmåga. METOD: Studien hade en kvantitativ och kvasiexperimentell design utan kontrollgrupp. En grupp om 33 kvinnor, åldern 20-30 år utförde testet som bestod utav minnestestet Letter-number sequencing task före och efter 10 minuters intervention i form av submaximal ergometercykling. Samtidigt som interventionen beräknades individernas maximala syreupptagningsförmåga med hjälp av Åstrands cykelergometertest. Beroende av resultatet på cykelergometertestet delades testpersonerna in i två grupper som representerade hög/mycket hög (grupp 1) syreupptagningsförmåga respektive låg/genomsnittlig (grupp 2) syreupptagningsförmåga. RESULTAT: Medianvärdet på LNS innan interventionen var 20,5 för grupp 1 (n=20) respektive 21 för grupp 2 (n=13). Detta medianvärde förbättrades med en enhet för båda grupperna vid LNS efter interventionen. Skillnaden inom gruppresultaten före och efter interventionen var icke-signifikant med ett P-värde på 0,614 för grupp 1 och 0,891 för grupp 2. Skillnaden i förändring mellan grupperna var heller ej signifikant med ett P-värde på 0,854. KONKLUSION: Arbetsminnet påverkades inte av 10 minuters fysisk aktivitet i någon av gruppjämförelserna. En individs syreupptagningsförmåga verkar heller inte påverka arbetsminnet. / BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been shown to have a positive effect on the areas of the brain connected to learning and memory. Even so, it is uncertain how much a person’s level of physical capacity influences these areas. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine if an intervention of physical activity could affect working memory, and whether a group of people perform differently during a working memory test after the intervention depending on their oxygen uptake. METHODS: The study had a quantitive and quasiexperimental design without control group. A group of 33 women, 20-30 years of age, conducted the test which consisted of the memory test Letter-number sequencing task before and after 10 minutes of submaximal ergometer cycling. During the intervention the individual’s maximal oxygen uptake was calculated with the Åstrand cycle ergometer test. Depending on the results from the cycle ergometer test, the testsubjects was split into two groups which represented high/very high (group 1) oxygen uptake and low/average (group 2) oxygen uptake. RESULTS: The median of LNS before the intervention was 20,5 for group 1 (n=20) and 21 for group 2 (n=13). This median improved with one unit for both groups at LNS after the intervention. The difference between the results within the groups before and after the intervention proved to be non-significant with a P-value of 0,614 for group 1 and 0,891 for group 2. The difference in change between the groups was neither significant with a P-value of 0,854. CONCLUSION: Working memory was not affected of 10 minutes of physical activity in neither of the comparison between the groups. It also seems that an individual’s oxygen uptake doesn’t affect working memory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 stefania teixira.pdf: 1306756 bytes, checksum: 58a6655f06083a2f39d1590a4c8945cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-10 / Objective: The aim of this study is to correlate the cognitive impairment with a severity symptoms in young adults with mood disorder, as well, to analyze the difference between the groups with diagnostic and healthy controls population- based. Methods: Cross-sectional study with young adults of 21 to 30 years old who participated from a population-base sample. The impairment cognitive were assessed using Wechsler Scale of Intelligence (WAIS-III). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), while the manic symptoms were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Results: The total sample consisted of 83 participants which were distributed in: 13 with bipolar disorder, 34 with depressive symptoms and 36 healthy controls. The cognitive performance was not associated with severity of mood symptoms. In this sample of young adults, it was also found cognitive impairment between subjects with bipolar disorder and major depression when compared the controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that the young adults with bipolar disorder or depression don t come up with cognitive impairment when measured at WAIS III / Objetivo: Correlacionar o desempenho cognitivo com a severidade de sintomas maníacos e depressivos em adultos jovens com transtornos de humor, bem como, verificar a diferença entre os grupos com diagnóstico e controles populacionais. Método: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de base populacional com jovens de 21 a 30 anos. Para avaliação do desempenho cognitivo foi utilizado a Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Adultos (WAIS-III). Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados através da Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), enquanto os sintomas maníacos por meio da Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Resultados: A amostra total contou com 83 participantes, os quais estavam distribuídos em: 13 com transtorno bipolar, 34 com sintomas depressivos e 36 controles saudáveis. O desempenho cognitivo não foi associado à severidade dos sintomas de humor. Nesta amostra de adultos jovens, também não foi encontrado prejuízo cognitivo entre os indivíduos com diagnóstico de transtorno bipolar e depressão quando comparados aos controles. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem que adultos jovens com transtorno bipolar ou depressão não apresentam comprometimento cognitivo quando mensurado pelo WAIS III

WAIS-III (Wechsler intelekto matavimo skalės suaugusiems trečioji versija) – vienas plačiausiai pasaulyje naudojamų intelekto matavimo instrumentų. Vienas iš testo šališkumo šaltinių yra užduočių atlikimo skirtumai atskirose grupėse, lyginant asmenis, turinčius tokius pačius gebėjimus – skirtingas užduočių funkcionavimas. Tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti Lietuvoje adaptuojamos WAIS–III verbalinės testo dalies užduočių šališkumą. Užduočių funkcionavimas buvo tikrinamas lyginant tiriamųjų grupes pagal lytį (172 moterys ir 128 vyrai) ir išsilavinimą (209 tiriamiejis su viduriniu ir žemesniu išsilavinimu ir 89 tiriamieji su aukštesniuoju ir aukštuoju išsilavinimu). Užduočių atlikimas buvo analizuojamas iš viso šešiuose WAIS–III subtestuose (Paveikslėlių užbaigimo, Žodyno, Panašumų, Aritmetikos, Informacijos ir Supratingumo). Rasta, kad iš 148 analizuotų užduočių 20 skirtingai funkcionavo vyrų ir moterų grupėse bei 19 grupėse pagal išsilavinimą (daugiausia skirtumų rasta Žodyno ir Informacijos subtestuose). Daugiausia buvo užduoties sunkumo skirtumų, kurių skaičius buvo labai panašus ir lyginant vyrų ir moterų užduočių atlikimą, ir tiriamuosius pagal išsilavinimą. Rezultatai parodė, kad iš užduočių, kurios skyrėsi skiriamąja geba, yra žymiai daugiau, pagal gebėjimus geriau diferencijuojančių moteris nei vyrus ir asmenis su viduriniu ir žemesniu išsilavinimu. / WAIS–III (Wechsler Adult‘s Intelligence Scale - Third edition) – is one of the most widely used intelligence measuring scale in the world, which has also been adapted in Lithuania. A significant part of researches is related to scale‘s bias – one of it‘s sources is Differential item functioning in separate groups, when participants have the same abilities. The aim of this work was to assess the bias of verbal subtests items in Lithuanian WAIS-III version. Differential item functioning was tested comparing groups by sex (128 males and 172 females) and education (209 participants had a secondary and lower education, 89 had further and university education), in six WAIS-III subtests (Picture Completion, Vocabulary, Similarities, Arithmetic, Information and Comprehension). Data analysis showed that 20 items from 148 were functioning differently for males and females, and 19 items functioned differently in groups by education (the differences were mostly in Vocabulary and Information subtests). The biggest part of differences were of uniform DIF – the number was very similar in males and females groups, also in education groups. The bigger part of nonuniform DIF were more discriminating for females than males and participants with secondary and lower education.

Orientadores: Anamarli Nucci, Carlos Alberto Mantovani Guerreiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T19:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendonca_HelenaRezendeSilva_M.pdf: 1760914 bytes, checksum: b24862dde5a6953468b12b21747f5121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Introdução: A Distrofia Miotônica tipo 1 (DM1) é doença conseqüente a repetição de tripletos CTG, locus 19 q13.2-13.3, com manifestações sistêmicas entre as quais as neuromusculares são as mais limitantes e estudadas. O comprometimento cerebral e suas repercussões neuropsicológicas e na qualidade de vida é bem menos conhecido e dimensionado. Objetivo: Propôs-se conhecer as características de uma coorte de pacientes DM1, identificar possíveis alterações psicológicas, psicométricas e de qualidade de vida, avaliar possível atrofia cerebral e alteração da substância branca. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e comparativo incluindo 15 pacientes DM1, geneticamente confirmados, pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade a controles (n=15) sem doenças neuropsicológicas conhecidas. Todos foram submetidos à avaliação clínico-neurológica, responderam ao Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), questionários SF-36 e de depressão de Beck (QDB), escala de sonolência de Epworth, e à Ressonância Magnética cerebral (RMc). Aplicou-se o Wechsler Adult Inteligence Scale (WAIS III) nos pacientes. As neuroimagens foram avaliadas por inspeção visual e medidas de atrofia cerebral. Usou-se análise estatística descritiva e o teste de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância p< 0,05. Resultados: A miotonia clinica foi identificável em 80% dos pacientes, os quais tiveram escores 3 a 5 pela Muscular impairment rating scale (MIRS). Houve maior freqüência de comorbidades na DM1. A qualidade de vida foi comprometida no domínio físico, mas não no mental. Escores de sonolência e de depressão entre DM1 vs controles, não foram diferentes, exceto nos itens "sentimento de culpa" e "falta de energia", pelo QDB. O MEEM mostrou baixo desempenho em orientação espacial e cálculo nos DM1. O WAIS III revelou um paciente com QI na média superior, 8 na média e 6 na média inferior, com baixos escores em compreensão. A RMc mostrou significativo alargamento generalizado dos ventrículos nos pacientes; maior freqüência de atrofia cerebral leve, sem diferença estatística; alta freqüência de lesões difusas na substância branca, com significância estatística nas lesões parietais esquerdas na DM1-infantil. Os diâmetros septo-caudado direito e esquerdo, e suas razões com o diâmetro biparietal apresentaram diferenças significativas. Conclusão: O comprometimento muscular foi proporcional à duração da DM1 e somado às demais limitações físicas, possivelmente contribuiu para a percepção da perda da qualidade de vida e falta de energia. Alterações cognitivas quanto à orientação espacial, cálculo, senso comum e juízo social foram observadas através de instrumentos não dependentes de auto-avaliação, em contraste à percepção de saúde mental pelos pacientes. Alterações da estrutura cerebral na DM1 incluíram atrofia e comprometimento da substância branca, as quais possivelmente estão associadas aos distúrbios neuropsíquicos. Estudos futuros refinando a neuroimagem e os testes neuropsicológicos poderão definir correlações entre a disfunção e estrutura cerebral na DM1 / Abstract: Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a disease associated to CTG repeats in locus 19 q13.2-13.3 with systemic manifestations. The neuromuscular deficits are the most prominent and studied. Brain abnormalities and its neuropsychological repercussions on quality of life is less well known and measured. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of a cohort of DM1 patients, to identify possible psychological, psychometric and quality of life changes, and to assess possible brain atrophy and white matter lesions. Methods: Descriptive and comparative study including 15 DM1 patients, genetically confirmed, matched by sex, age and education with controls (n = 15) without neuropsychological diseases known. All study participants underwent clinical neurological evaluation, responded to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the SF-36 and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and were subjected to brain magnetic resonance (bMRI). We applied the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS III) to patients. Neuroimages were assessed by means of visual inspection and measurements of brain atrophy. We used descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test, with significance level p <0.05. Results: Clinical myotonia was identifiable in 80% of patients who scored 3 to 5 according to the muscular impairment rating scale (MIRS). There was a higher frequency of comorbidities in DM1. Quality of life was compromised in the physical, but not in mental domain. Sleepiness and depression scores among DM1 versus controls were not different, except for items "guilt" and "loss of energy" according to the BDI. MMSE showed poor performance in spatial orientation and calculation in DM1. WAIS III revealed one patient with high average IQ, 8 with average IQ and 6 with low average, and low scores in comprehension. bMRI showed significant generalized enlargement of ventricles in patients, increased frequency of mild cerebral atrophy, with no statistical difference, high frequency of diffuse lesions in the white matter, with statistical significance in the left parietal lobe lesions in childhood-onset DM1. Septum-caudate right and left diameters and their ratios with the biparietal diameter showed significant differences. Conclusion: Muscular impairment was proportional to the duration of DM1 and, which added to other physical limitations, possibly contributed to the perceived loss of quality of life and loss of energy. Cognitive changes as to the spatial orientation, calculation, common sense and social judgments were observed by means of non-dependent self-assessment, in contrast to the patients' perception of mental health. Changes in brain structure in DM1 included atrophy and white matter impairment, which are possibly associated with neuropsychological abnormalities. Further studies refining the correlations between brain structure and neuropsychological tests are necessary / Mestrado / Neurologia / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Reconstructed snow accumulation rate observations from five new firn cores show a statistically significant negative trend in accumulation rates over the past four decades across the central West Antarctic ice sheet. A negative temporal trend in accumulation is unexpected in light of rising surface temperatures and simulations run by GCMs. Both the magnitude of the mean accumulation rates and the range of interannual variability observed in the new records compares favorably to older records, suggesting that the new accumulation rate records may serve as a regional proxy for recent temporal trends in West Antarctic accumulation rates. The observed negative trend is likely the result of Southern Hemisphere high-latitude internal atmospheric dynamics, dominated by changes in the austral fall season. The well-documented positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode causes a low pressure center to form over the Amundsen Sea, which in turn produces lower accumulation rates across the western portion of the West Antarctic ice sheet. The new accumulation rate records are compared to several models/reanalyses to test the skill of simulated accumulation rate predictions. While the models/reanalyses and the new observations agree well in both mean and variability, the simulated records do not capture the full negative trend observed in the reconstructed records.

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