Introdução: A expansão da obesidade entre populações jovens tem aumentado de forma expressiva e contribui para a carga mórbida global de doenças. Inquéritos que avaliam a capacidade de índices baseados na massa corporal sensíveis à detecção de gordural corporal são relevantes e ainda escassos. Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho dos valores do índice de massa corporal (IMC) ou da circunferência da cintura (CC) no diagnóstico de excesso de peso em adolescentes. Métodos: Utilizamos dados de 1816 adolescentes do estudo Saúde e nutrição dos escolares adolescentes da zona oeste do município de São Paulo. O estado nutricional dos adolescentes foi descrito pelo IMC, CC e composição corporal inferida pelo ângulo de fase - dos parâmetros bioelétricos - e somatório das dobras cutâneas. As áreas sob curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) foram calculadas para avaliar a capacidade do IMC e CC na triagem de adiposidade. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) e diagnóstico odds ratio (DOR) foram analisados para os sistemas de classificação do IMC (referência brasileira e internacional) e o critério da CC (referência holandesa). Resultados: IMC e CC apresentam correlação positiva (r = 0,77 e 0,73, respectivamente) com gordura das dobras. Em ambos os sexos, os três critérios sugerem adequada identificação do excesso de massa gordurosa (AUC 0,90) e valores elevados de especificidade e sensibilidade. Apesar da alta taxa de sensibilidade os VPP alcançam, em torno de 41 por cento nos meninos e 35 por cento nas meninas para o IMC e 49 e 38 por cento , respectivamente, para CC. Os valores do DOR são 64,6 e 38,6 para IMC pela referência nacional e internacional, respectivamente e 38,3 para CC nos meninos. Nas meninas, na mesma sequência os valores são 49,5, 56,2 e 31,9. Conclusão: A CC apresenta desempenho menor se comparado ao IMC no diagnóstico de excesso de adiposidade. Os resultados apóiam o uso do IMC para o monitoramento de saúde de adolescentes e, pela primeira vez apresentam essa evidência com base em análise bivariada da composição corporal / Introduction: The spread of obesity among young people has increased significantly and contributes to global disease burden morbid. Surveys that assess the ability of indices based on body mass sensitive detection gordural body are relevant and still scarce. Objective: To analyze the performance values of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) in the diagnosis of overweight in adolescents. Methods: We used data from 1816 adolescents in the study \"Health and nutrition of schoolchildren in the west zone of São Paulo.\" The nutritional status of adolescents was described by BMI, waist circumference and body composition - inferred by the phase angle - the bioelectric parameters - and sum of skinfolds. Areas under Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated to assess the ability of BMI and WC in screening for adiposity. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed for BMI classification systems (reference Brazilian and international) and the WC criterion (Dutch reference). Results: BMI and WC shows a positive correlation (r = 0.77 and 0.73, respectively) with fat skinfolds. In both gender the three criteria suggest proper identification of excess body fat (AUC 0.89) and high levels of specificity and sensitivity. Despite the high sensitivity rate the PPV achieve 41 per cent boys and 35 per cent in girls for BMI and 49 per cent and 38 per cent for WC, respectively. The values of DOR are 64.6 and 38.6 for BMI by national and international reference, respectively, and 38.3 for WC in boys. In girls, the same sequence values are 49.5, 56.2 and 31.9. Conclusion: The WC has underperformed compared to BMI in the diagnosis of excess adiposity. The results support the use of BMI for monitoring the health of adolescents and for the first time present this evidence based on bivariate analysis of body composition

Resumo: Doença cardiovascular (DCV) está entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade e obesidade é um de seus fatores de risco. O melhor prognóstico de pacientes obesos gerou um paradoxo e a investigação de outros indicadores de obesidade como preditores de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A associação de razão cintura-quadril e circunferência da cintura, marcadores de obesidade central, com doença coronariana determinada angiograficamente ainda não respondeu essa questão adequadamente. Além disso, a associação com circunferência do pescoço, marcador de obesidade visceral, não foi avaliada. Nesse estudo, avaliou-se a associação de obesidade – central, visceral e geral - com gravidade e extensão da doença coronariana. Métodos e Resultados: Estudo caso-controle foi conduzido em 376 pacientes, com 40 anos ou mais, com doença coronariana crônica, submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia eletiva. Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência cintura, razão cintura-quadril (RCQ) e circunferência do pescoço foram aferidos. Doença coronariana significativa foi definida na presença de pelo menos 50% de estenose coronariana em um dos vasos epicárdicos (casos). Controles foram selecionados entre aqueles sem doença coronariana significativa. Foram identificados 155 casos e 221 controles e calculada odds ratio e IC 95%, com e sem controle para fatores de confusão. Houve predomínio de homens entre os casos, assim como idade entre 50-59 e mais de 70 anos. Razão cintura-quadril foi o principal preditor independente de DAC, seguido de circunferência do pescoço. Razão cintura-quadril associou-se fortemente com DAC nas análises univariada (OR= 3,7; IC 95%1,4-10,1 p=0,02) e o efeito tornou-se mais evidente na multivariada (OR= 4,0 IC 95% 1,3-12,1 p=0,03). Circunferência do pescoço só tornou-se significativamente associada no modelo multivariado (OR= 2,4 IC 95% 1,1-5,3 p= 0,04), assim como a categoria de obesidade do índice de massa corporal. Conclusões: Obesidade central, determinada por RCQ, é fator de risco independente para doença coronariana significativa, assim como circunferência do pescoço. / Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease is one of the main causes of morbimortality while the obesity is one of its risk factors. The best prognosis of obese patients has led to a paradox and the investigation of other obesity indicators as the coronary artery disease predictors (CAD). The association of waist-hip ratio and waist circumference, which are markers of central obesity with angiographically determined coronary disease has not yet answered that question adequately. In addition to that, the association with neck circumference as a marker of visceral obesity has not been evaluated. In this study, we have evaluated the association of central, visceral and general obesity with severity and extent of coronary artery disease. Methods and Results: A case-control study was conducted in 376 patients, aged 40 years or more, with chronic coronary disease, undergoing the elective cineangiography. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and neck circumference have been measured. Significant coronary disease was defined in the presence of at least 50% of coronary stenosis in one of the epicardial vessels or their branches, with diameter greater than three mm (cases). Controls have been selected among those without significant coronary disease. At the enrolment, 155 cases and 221 controls were identified. Odds ratios and the confidence intervals of 95% (95%CI) were calculated in the crude and multivariate analysis. There was a predominance of men in the cases, as well as aged 50-59 and over 70 years. The WHR was the main independent predictor of CAD, followed by the neck circumference. The waist-hip ratio was strongly associated with CAD in univariate analysis (OR= 3.7; 95%CI 1.4-10.1; P=0.02) and the effect became more evident controlling for confounding factors (OR = 4.0 95%CI 1.3-12.1; P=0.03). The neck circumference became significantly associated with CAD in the multivariate model (OR = 2.4 95% CI 1.1-5.3; P = 0.04), as well as obesity, in the category of BMI. Conclusions: Central obesity, as determined by WHR, was an independent risk factor for significant coronary disease, as well as the neck circumference.

Introdução: Obesidade central é um fator de risco para o diabetes e as doenças cardiovasculares. O estudo da sua associação com os transtornos mentais comuns pode ajudar a entender melhor a epidemia de obesidade que acontece no Brasil, e a relação entre saúde mental e doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre transtornos mentais comuns e obesidade central em uma coorte ocupacional- ELSA-Brasil. Métodos: Para a avaliação do transtorno mental comum (TMC) foi aplicado o questionário CIS-R em 15102 participantes entre 35 e 74 anos. A circunferência da cintura foi aferida junto com outras medidas antropométricas. Variáveis demográficas e comportamentais também foram coletadas através de questionários. Resultados: O transtorno mental comum mostrou associação com obesidade central (RP = 1,30; IC95% 1,25-1,36), e mesmo quando ajustada para sexo, idade, raça/cor da pele e centro de investigação ELSA, continuou significativa a associação (RP = 1,21; IC95% 1,16-1,27). Os transtornos específicos depressão (RP = 1,24, IC95% 1,14-1,34), ansiedade (RP = 1,18, IC95% 1,12-1,24) e misto de ansiedade e depressão (RP = 1,12; IC95% 1,06-1,18) também se mostraram associados, inclusive quando ajustados para as mesmas covariáveis. Conclusão: Participantes com transtorno mental comum e com os diagnósticos específicos de depressão e ansiedade apresentam maior prevalência de obesidade central comparados com os que não apresentam transtornos mentais. / Background: Central obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the study of its association with common mental disorders can help understand the obesity epidemic in Brazil, and the relationship between mental health and chronic diseases. Objective: To investigate the association between common mental disorders and central obesity in an occupational cohort ELSA-Brasil. Methods: Waist circumference, among other anthropometric measures, was obtained, and the CIS-R questionnaire was applied in 15102 participants between 35 and 74 years old. Demographic and behavioral variables were also obtained. Results: Common mental disorder was significantly associated with central obesity in crude analysis (PR = 1,30, CI95%: 1,25-1,36), and when adjusted for gender, age, skin color and center study (PR = 1,21, CI95%: 1,16 – 1,27). The specific mental disorders depression and anxiety were also associated. Conclusion: Participants with common mental disorder, and with specific diagnoses of depression and anxiety, report a higher prevalence of central obesity than people without a mental disorder.

Tyrimo objektas: 16- 18 metų merginų liemens raumenų ištvermė ir pratimų su terapiniais kamuoliais poveikis jai. Pratimai ant nestabilių paviršių yra efektyvesni nei pratimai, ant stabilaus paviršiaus, siekiant liemens raumenų ištvermės gerinimo (Hodges et al., 1996; Anderson&Behm, 2005). Susitiprėjus liemens raumenų ištvermei, gerėja laikysena (Dudonienė ir Radzevičiūtė, 2010). Iškelta hipotezė, kad sistemingas pratimų su terapiniais kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus paviršiaus) integravimas į popamokinės, sportinės veiklos užsiėmimus, mokyklinio amžiaus merginoms, turės teigiamą poveikį jų liemens raumenų ištvermei. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti pratimų su terapiniais kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus paviršiaus) poveikį 16-18 metų merginų liemens raumenų ištvermei. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti 16-18 metų merginų liemens raumenų ištvermę, prieš pradedant mankštas su terapiniais kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus paviršiaus) ir merginų, kurios atliks pratimus ant stabilių paviršių. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti 16-18 metų merginų liemens raumenų ištvermę, po 4 sav. trukusių mankštų su terapiniais kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus paviršiaus) ir merginų, atlikusių pratimus ant stabilių paviršių. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti 4 sav. trukusių mankštų su terapiniais kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus paviršiaus) ir mankštų ant stabilaus paviršiaus poveikį 16-18 metų merginų liemens raumenų ištvermei. Darbo rezultatai: Po 4 sav. trukusios pratimų programos su kamuoliais (ant nestabilaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of research: Stamina of 16-18 years old girls waist muscle and effect with therapeutic balls for it. Exercises on unstable surfaces are more effective than those on stable surface, seeking for improvement of muscular waist stamina (Hodges et al., 1996; Anderson & Behm, 2005). When stamina of waist muscle is increased, posture also improves (Dudoniene and Radzeviciute, 2010). Hypothesis is held, that systematic integration of exercises with therapeutic balls (on unstable surface) into after-school sports activity of school age girls, will take a positive effect for the stamina of their waist muscle. Purpose of work: to determine the effect of exercises with therapeutic balls (on unstable surface) for 16-18 years old girls waist muscle stamina. Goals of work: 1. To determine and compare the stamina between 16-18 years old girls waist muscle before starting the exercises with therapeutic balls (on unstable surface) and girls, which will do exercises on stable surfaces. 2. To determine and compare the stamina between 16-18 years old girls waist muscle after 4 weeks of exercises with therapeutic balls (on unstable surface) and girls, which have done exercises on stable surfaces. 3. To determine and compare the effect of 4 weeks of exercises with therapeutic balls (on unstable surface) and exercises on stable surface for stamina of 16-18 years old girls waist muscle. Results of work: After 4 weeks exercise program with balls (on unstable surface) statistically... [to full text]

Studies in both children and adults indicate that waist circumference (WC), a measure of abdominal obesity is closely related to cardiovascular risk factors. The accurate identification of abdominally obese children in health screening programmes for early intervention is of importance. There are, however, concerns about using international definitions for screening purposes because in most instances these have been derived from Western populations and, therefore, may have limited usefulness to children in other parts of the world. When these cut–off points are used in developing countries, they ignore the fact that the growth patterns of children and burdens of disease vary between countries. Due to lack of population specific cut–off points for children in the developing world it may be tempting and convenient to use the same cut–off points as for children in developed countries, but such a practice runs the risk of exporting failure. Ideally, a screening tool should have both high sensitivity and specificity, and these are important considerations in choosing the definition for the detection of childhood abdominal obesity. High sensitivity is necessary to avoid failure of identifying obese children and high specificity of the screening tool ensures that non–obese children are not misclassified as obese, which may otherwise lead to unnecessary treatment and psychosocial implications of stigmatisation. Failure to identify the abdominally obese child may have more serious consequences than misclassification, since it results in an increase in adult morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to examine fat distribution patterns of black South African (SA) children in relation to health risk. The specific objectives were to: compare the body composition of black stunted and non–stunted children from two rural communities in South Africa; to describe and compare the age and sex specific WC percentile distribution for black SA children from different study populations and compare the WC percentile distribution with those for African–American (A–A) children and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of waist–to–height ratio (WHtR) as a marker for high blood pressure, a cardiovascular risk factor in SA children. Findings of this study demonstrated increased total adiposity in non–stunted children, but trends of increased central adiposity, measured as WHtR in stunted children. This warrants further investigation on this relationship among children older than 13 years in the African context where many children are stunted. The differences observed between the different data sets and between SA and A–A children suggest that nationally representative data should be used to develop age, sex and ethnic specific WC percentiles for this population. The results indicate clearly that the median WC of children from SA studies is smaller than those of A–A children, with a medium to large effect size for the difference. Results also suggest concern with respect to high WC values (> 80 cm) among some children. The recommended universal WHtR cut–off value of 0.5 for assessment of cardiovascular risk is not suitable for black SA children because it had low sensitivity in predicting high blood pressure. The absence of locally developed cut–off values for WC and WHtR for children warrants research due to the associations between being overweight and obese and disease outcomes. It is fundamental to detect risk at an early stage so that appropriate intervention can be initiated timeously. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Studies in both children and adults indicate that waist circumference (WC), a measure of abdominal obesity is closely related to cardiovascular risk factors. The accurate identification of abdominally obese children in health screening programmes for early intervention is of importance. There are, however, concerns about using international definitions for screening purposes because in most instances these have been derived from Western populations and, therefore, may have limited usefulness to children in other parts of the world. When these cut–off points are used in developing countries, they ignore the fact that the growth patterns of children and burdens of disease vary between countries. Due to lack of population specific cut–off points for children in the developing world it may be tempting and convenient to use the same cut–off points as for children in developed countries, but such a practice runs the risk of exporting failure. Ideally, a screening tool should have both high sensitivity and specificity, and these are important considerations in choosing the definition for the detection of childhood abdominal obesity. High sensitivity is necessary to avoid failure of identifying obese children and high specificity of the screening tool ensures that non–obese children are not misclassified as obese, which may otherwise lead to unnecessary treatment and psychosocial implications of stigmatisation. Failure to identify the abdominally obese child may have more serious consequences than misclassification, since it results in an increase in adult morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to examine fat distribution patterns of black South African (SA) children in relation to health risk. The specific objectives were to: compare the body composition of black stunted and non–stunted children from two rural communities in South Africa; to describe and compare the age and sex specific WC percentile distribution for black SA children from different study populations and compare the WC percentile distribution with those for African–American (A–A) children and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of waist–to–height ratio (WHtR) as a marker for high blood pressure, a cardiovascular risk factor in SA children. Findings of this study demonstrated increased total adiposity in non–stunted children, but trends of increased central adiposity, measured as WHtR in stunted children. This warrants further investigation on this relationship among children older than 13 years in the African context where many children are stunted. The differences observed between the different data sets and between SA and A–A children suggest that nationally representative data should be used to develop age, sex and ethnic specific WC percentiles for this population. The results indicate clearly that the median WC of children from SA studies is smaller than those of A–A children, with a medium to large effect size for the difference. Results also suggest concern with respect to high WC values (> 80 cm) among some children. The recommended universal WHtR cut–off value of 0.5 for assessment of cardiovascular risk is not suitable for black SA children because it had low sensitivity in predicting high blood pressure. The absence of locally developed cut–off values for WC and WHtR for children warrants research due to the associations between being overweight and obese and disease outcomes. It is fundamental to detect risk at an early stage so that appropriate intervention can be initiated timeously. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Introdução: A incidência da doença arterial coronária é uma das principais causas de morbidade e motalidade em diversos países e o estudo dos fatores de risco têm grande importância na prevenção e no tratamento dessa enfermidade. Entre outros fatores, a obesidade e a obesidade abdominal têm sido associadas com a maior incidência de DAC. A ingestão diária de nutrientes também pode estar relacionada com essa doença, porém, uma vez que a alimentação é complexa e contém diversos nutrientes, ainda não foi possível elucidar o impacto da alimentação no risco de desenvolver a doença arterial coronária. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o consumo alimentar diário, a presença de obesidade abdominal e achados angiográficos de obstrução arterial em pacientes portadores de cardiopatia isquêmica, submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com 284 pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco, da unidade de hemodinâmica de um hospital universitário. Foi avaliada a RCQ, o IMC, a ingestão alimentar diária através de um inquérito nutricional, a análise bioquímica do sangue e a avaliação do laudo do cateterismo cardíaco. Resultados: Dos pacientes avaliados, 172 indivíduos (60,6%) apresentavam alterações em uma ou mais artérias coronárias. A ingestão média diária de calorias foi de 2450,56 Kcal/dia. O consumo de proteínas foi em média 1,66 g/Kg/dia, de carboidratos foi de 3,83 g/Kg/dia e de lipídeos foi de 1,21 g/Kg/dia. A idade, o sexo masculino, os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos, o consumo de álcool e a glicemia em jejum foram estatisticamente significativos na análise multivariada. Conclusão: Nos pacientes avaliados, o consumo diário de calorias encontra-se adequado, porém a ingestão de proteínas, carboidratos e lipídeos estão inadequados. Em relação aos fatores de risco para DAC, as mulheres apresentaram maior associação para desenvolver a síndrome metabólica do que os homens. / Introduction: the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality among adults, and the study of risk factors is important in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Between other factors, obesity and abdominal obesity have been associated with CHD. Daily intake of nutrients can be related with this disease, however, daily diet is complex and contains several nutrients and foods, and the specific impact of diet on the risk of coronary heart disease has not yet been accurately explained or quantified . Objective: to evaluate the relation between daily intake and abdominal obesity and angiography findings of coronary obstruction in patients with isquemic cardiopatic, submitted to a cardiac catheterization. Methods: a cross study with 284 patients submitted a cardiac catheterization of the Hemodynamics Unit. It was evaluated the waist-rip-ratio, body mass index and daily intake. Results: Coronary obstruction was observed in 172 (60.6%) patients with abnormalities in one or more arteries. The analysis of macronutrient intake showed that mean protein intake was 1.66 ± 0.65 g/Kg/day, mean carbohydrate intake was 9.83 ± 1.45 g/Kg/day and mean lipid intake was 1.21 ± 0.58 g/Kg/day. Age, male sex, tryglicerides, alcohol intake and fasting glucose was statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: the energy intake is adjust, but the protein, carbohydrate and lipids are not. In relation to the others risk factors for CHD, the women were more significantly associated with the risk to develop metabolic syndrome than in men, which confirmed findings in other studies.

OBJETIVO: A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de resistência à insulina (RI) e síndrome metabólica (SM) em uma amostra de pacientes com transtorno do humor bipolar (THB) a fim de identificar quais os melhores parâmetros clínicos associados à RI. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 65 pacientes com THB diagnosticados pelos critérios do DSM-IV-TR, avaliados de forma consecutiva no Programa de Transtorno Bipolar do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2007. RI foi diagnosticada utilizando o homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) e a SM foi diagnosticada utilizando três definições diferentes: do National Cholesterol Educational Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); do NCEP-ATP III modificado e da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de RI foi 43,1%. A prevalência de SM definida pelo NCEP ATP III foi 32,3%, pelo NCEP ATP III foi 40% e pela IDF foi 41,5%. Os critérios do NCEP ATP III modificado demostrou a melhor relação entre sensibilidade (78,6%) e especificidade (89,2%) na detecção de resistência à insulina. A circunferência da cintura foi o parâmetro clínico mais associado à RI no modelo de regressão linear (B=0,014, SE 0,002, t=6,18, p<0,001). As áreas sob as curvas ROC foram semelhantes para a circunferência da cintura e as diferentes definições de SM (chi2=2,98, df=3, p=0,39). CONCLUSÕES: As definições atuais de SM podem identificar, com razoável sensibilidade e especificidade, resistência à insulina em pacientes com transtorno de humor bipolar. A circunferência da cintura pode ser um modo simples e barato de predizer a resistência à insulina nessa população. / OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of both insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to identify best clinical criteria associated with IR. METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study in sixty-five DSM-IV-TR BD patients consecutively assessed from January to August 2007 at the Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. IR was diagnosed by the homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMAIR). and MS was diagnosed using three different definitions: National Cholesterol Educational Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); NCEP-ATP III modified criteria and International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: The prevalence of IR was 43.1%. The prevalence of the MS defined by the NCEP ATP III definition was 32.3%, NCEP ATP III modified was 40% and IDF was 41.5%. NCEP-ATP III modified criteria showed the best trade-off between sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (89.2%) to detect insulin resistance. Waist circumference was the best clinical parameter associated with IR in the linear regression model (B=0.014, SE 0.002, t=6.18, p<0.001). Areas under ROC curves were similar for waist circumference and different MS definitions (chi2=2.98, df=3, p=0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Currently MS criteria may provide reasonable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insulin resistance in patients with bipolar disorder. Waist circumference may be a simple and inexpensive way to predict insulin resistance in this population.

OBJETIVO: A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de resistência à insulina (RI) e síndrome metabólica (SM) em uma amostra de pacientes com transtorno do humor bipolar (THB) a fim de identificar quais os melhores parâmetros clínicos associados à RI. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 65 pacientes com THB diagnosticados pelos critérios do DSM-IV-TR, avaliados de forma consecutiva no Programa de Transtorno Bipolar do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2007. RI foi diagnosticada utilizando o homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) e a SM foi diagnosticada utilizando três definições diferentes: do National Cholesterol Educational Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); do NCEP-ATP III modificado e da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de RI foi 43,1%. A prevalência de SM definida pelo NCEP ATP III foi 32,3%, pelo NCEP ATP III foi 40% e pela IDF foi 41,5%. Os critérios do NCEP ATP III modificado demostrou a melhor relação entre sensibilidade (78,6%) e especificidade (89,2%) na detecção de resistência à insulina. A circunferência da cintura foi o parâmetro clínico mais associado à RI no modelo de regressão linear (B=0,014, SE 0,002, t=6,18, p<0,001). As áreas sob as curvas ROC foram semelhantes para a circunferência da cintura e as diferentes definições de SM (chi2=2,98, df=3, p=0,39). CONCLUSÕES: As definições atuais de SM podem identificar, com razoável sensibilidade e especificidade, resistência à insulina em pacientes com transtorno de humor bipolar. A circunferência da cintura pode ser um modo simples e barato de predizer a resistência à insulina nessa população. / OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of both insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to identify best clinical criteria associated with IR. METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study in sixty-five DSM-IV-TR BD patients consecutively assessed from January to August 2007 at the Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. IR was diagnosed by the homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMAIR). and MS was diagnosed using three different definitions: National Cholesterol Educational Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); NCEP-ATP III modified criteria and International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: The prevalence of IR was 43.1%. The prevalence of the MS defined by the NCEP ATP III definition was 32.3%, NCEP ATP III modified was 40% and IDF was 41.5%. NCEP-ATP III modified criteria showed the best trade-off between sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (89.2%) to detect insulin resistance. Waist circumference was the best clinical parameter associated with IR in the linear regression model (B=0.014, SE 0.002, t=6.18, p<0.001). Areas under ROC curves were similar for waist circumference and different MS definitions (chi2=2.98, df=3, p=0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Currently MS criteria may provide reasonable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insulin resistance in patients with bipolar disorder. Waist circumference may be a simple and inexpensive way to predict insulin resistance in this population.

Introdução: A incidência da doença arterial coronária é uma das principais causas de morbidade e motalidade em diversos países e o estudo dos fatores de risco têm grande importância na prevenção e no tratamento dessa enfermidade. Entre outros fatores, a obesidade e a obesidade abdominal têm sido associadas com a maior incidência de DAC. A ingestão diária de nutrientes também pode estar relacionada com essa doença, porém, uma vez que a alimentação é complexa e contém diversos nutrientes, ainda não foi possível elucidar o impacto da alimentação no risco de desenvolver a doença arterial coronária. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o consumo alimentar diário, a presença de obesidade abdominal e achados angiográficos de obstrução arterial em pacientes portadores de cardiopatia isquêmica, submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com 284 pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco, da unidade de hemodinâmica de um hospital universitário. Foi avaliada a RCQ, o IMC, a ingestão alimentar diária através de um inquérito nutricional, a análise bioquímica do sangue e a avaliação do laudo do cateterismo cardíaco. Resultados: Dos pacientes avaliados, 172 indivíduos (60,6%) apresentavam alterações em uma ou mais artérias coronárias. A ingestão média diária de calorias foi de 2450,56 Kcal/dia. O consumo de proteínas foi em média 1,66 g/Kg/dia, de carboidratos foi de 3,83 g/Kg/dia e de lipídeos foi de 1,21 g/Kg/dia. A idade, o sexo masculino, os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos, o consumo de álcool e a glicemia em jejum foram estatisticamente significativos na análise multivariada. Conclusão: Nos pacientes avaliados, o consumo diário de calorias encontra-se adequado, porém a ingestão de proteínas, carboidratos e lipídeos estão inadequados. Em relação aos fatores de risco para DAC, as mulheres apresentaram maior associação para desenvolver a síndrome metabólica do que os homens. / Introduction: the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality among adults, and the study of risk factors is important in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Between other factors, obesity and abdominal obesity have been associated with CHD. Daily intake of nutrients can be related with this disease, however, daily diet is complex and contains several nutrients and foods, and the specific impact of diet on the risk of coronary heart disease has not yet been accurately explained or quantified . Objective: to evaluate the relation between daily intake and abdominal obesity and angiography findings of coronary obstruction in patients with isquemic cardiopatic, submitted to a cardiac catheterization. Methods: a cross study with 284 patients submitted a cardiac catheterization of the Hemodynamics Unit. It was evaluated the waist-rip-ratio, body mass index and daily intake. Results: Coronary obstruction was observed in 172 (60.6%) patients with abnormalities in one or more arteries. The analysis of macronutrient intake showed that mean protein intake was 1.66 ± 0.65 g/Kg/day, mean carbohydrate intake was 9.83 ± 1.45 g/Kg/day and mean lipid intake was 1.21 ± 0.58 g/Kg/day. Age, male sex, tryglicerides, alcohol intake and fasting glucose was statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: the energy intake is adjust, but the protein, carbohydrate and lipids are not. In relation to the others risk factors for CHD, the women were more significantly associated with the risk to develop metabolic syndrome than in men, which confirmed findings in other studies.