Thema works: An overview of the different forms of warm-up before athletic performance in sprinting. Student: Bc. Dominika Zapaľačová Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan Ph.D Aims: The aim of this thesis is the study of scientific and professional literature and articles to obtain information on warming up before speed sports performance represented by quick sprinting. It is also to consider how subsequent various kinds of warm up exercises can affect the sports performance mentioned above. Furthermore, to use a case study based on selected research methodology to measure the speed of running locomotion after the selected type of warming up. Methodology: A method of literary research is used in the thesis, primarily using foreign literature but Czech literature too, obtained mainly from online databases and subject bibliographies. Also the case study method was used to measure the speed of running locomotion. Results: Conducting literary research has proved that speed sports performance might be greatly affected by the selected method of warming up. Most of the mentioned authors state the positive influence of dynamic stretching and they also recommend eliminating static stretching before speed sports performance. Measuring the speed of running locomotion has proved that the probands did not show any...

Title Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on vertical jump. Objectives The aim of this thesis is to assess whether it is better to warm up by static or dynamic stretching in order to improve performance in the vertical jump. Methods The first part of this thesis is theoretical and is the basis for measurement, which is described in the second part. The tested set consists of ten women volleyball players. Each player underwent three vertical jump measurements on power plates Kistler, which recorded flight time of the player over the plates. All measurements were evaluated afterwards. Five attempts were recorded in each measurement. Measurements were carried out without stretching, after dynamic stretching and after static stretching. The thesis includes a survey that monitors the perception of the players` performance. Results Results of the total tested set measurement show that inclusion of dynamic stretching during the warm up leads to a slight decline in the physical performance. This decrease presents about 0.92%. Another conclusion of this research is that the inclusion of static stretching to the warm up also results in a slight decrease in the athletic performance. In this case the decrease is about 1.72%. In a direct comparison of these two types of stretching, the inclusion of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Lopes de Araujo.pdf: 1089052 bytes, checksum: e0ff9abe59c4339676f80b1a7735aa82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / INTRODUCTION: Before any performance, singing class, or even speech therapy intervention, a series of physical and vocal workouts is done. This practice is called vocal warm-up. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to analyze vocal warm-up theory and practice in classical singing, from the perspective of different voice professionals: singing teachers, singers and speech therapists. METHOD: The study comprised 165 subjects from the three professional categories aforementioned: 86 singing teachers, 15 speech therapists, and 64 singers of both genders, aged between 22 and 70 years, in Brazil and Portugal. The subjects responded to an electronic closed-ended questionnaire characterizing the sample with information on gender, age, education, length of time in the profession and addressing questions related to the substance of this work. This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. The collected data was fed in EPIDATA 3.2 and, afterwards, statistical analysis was carried out using STATA 10.0. RESULTS: The tables were compiled based on thematic axes and distributed according to the professional groups surveyed: 65.1% of singing teachers, 75% of singers, and 86.6% of speech therapists utilize physiological warm-up, however, the great majority of singing teachers (98%), singers (95.3%), and speech therapists (93.3%) use vocalises as the main vocal warm-up method. CONCLUSION: Both principles and practice of vocal warm-up are placed within the context of oral tradition. The warm-up method mostly adopted by the great majority of the subjects of this study is vocalise / INTRODUÇÃO: Antes da realização de uma performance, aula ou mesmo de uma intervenção fonoaudiológica, realiza-se uma série de exercícios físicos e vocais. A essa prática, dá-se o nome de aquecimento vocal. OBJETIVO: analisar a teoria e a prática sobre o aquecimento vocal no canto erudito, a partir da ótica de diferentes profissionais da área da voz: professores de canto, cantores e fonoaudiólogos. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado com 165 sujeitos das três categorias profissionais: 86 professores de canto, 15 fonoaudiólogos e 64 cantores de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 22 a 70 anos no Brasil e Portugal. Os sujeitos responderam via correio eletrônico, a um questionário fechado composto de dados de caracterização da amostra: sexo, idade, formação, tempo de profissão, e perguntas a respeito do objetivo proposto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, de natureza quantitativa de corte transversal. Após a realização dos procedimentos, os dados coletados foram digitados no programa EPIDATA 3.2. e, posteriormente, submetidos à análises estatísticas por meio do software STATA versão 10.0. RESULTADOS: As tabelas foram organizadas por eixos temáticos e distribuídas pelos grupos de profissionais, que compuseram a amostra deste estudo: 65,1% dos professores de canto, 75% dos cantores e 86,66% dos fonoaudiólogos utilizam aquecimento fisiológico, porém a maioria absoluta dos professores de canto 98%, dos cantores 95,3% e fonoaudiólogos 93,3% utilizam o vocalises como estratégia principal para o aquecimento vocal. CONCLUSÃO: A fundamentação e a prática do aquecimento estão dentro do contexto da oralidade. As estratégias mais utilizadas para realizar o aquecimento vocal pela maioria dos sujeitos pesquisados é o vocalise

Les alliages d’aluminium, présentant un rapport résistance-poids élevé, sont capables de répondre aux exigences de réduction de masse et d’augmentation de sécurité dans la construction de nouveaux véhicules. Cependant, lors des opérations d’emboutissage, ces alliages présentent une plus faible formabilité et un retour élastique plus élevé que les aciers traditionnellement utilisés. L’emboutissage à température moyenne (qualifiée de tiède) apparaît comme une solution très intéressante pour résoudre ces problèmes. Néanmoins, l’emboutissage pour les alliages d'aluminium de la série 6000, reste toujours un défi car la gamme de température utilisée est proche de celle utilisée lors des traitements thermiques de ces alliages. Ainsi l’augmentation de la température peut entraîner un durcissement par précipitation. En outre, ces alliages sont susceptibles de vieillir naturellement. Tous ces changements doivent être prédits pour éviter des variations dans le process de production. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de ce travail a été d'analyser les conditions d’emboutissage à tiède de deux alliages d’Al-Mg-Si (l'EN AW 6016-T4 et l'EN AW 6061-T6), afin de d’améliorer la robustesse des opérations d’emboutissage. Des essais de traction et des essais d’emboutissage de godets cylindriques en température ainsi que des mesures de retour élastique (essai dit de Demeri) ont été effectués. Plusieurs paramètres comme le vieillissement naturel, la durée de chauffe et la vitesse d’emboutissage ont été étudiés afin de proposer des solutions permettant d’améliorer la robustesse des opérations d’emboutissage. L’emboutissage à tiède se révèle être une solution efficace pour améliorer la formabilité, réduire le retour élastique et la variabilité causée par le vieillissement naturel. Cependant, utiliser des vitesses d’emboutissage élevées et une chauffe rapide sont nécessaire pour éviter le durcissement par précipitation pendant l’emboutissage. / Heat treatable aluminum alloys present a high strength-to-weight ratio, which replies to the requirements of mass reduction and safety increase in the construction of new vehicles. However, in sheet metal forming operations, these alloys have lower formability and higher springback than traditionally mild steels used. In this context, forming in warm temperature appears as an attractive solution to solve these problems. Nevertheless, there is still a challenge since the temperature range used in warm forming is similar to one used in the heat treatment of these alloys. Thus increasing the temperature can lead to precipitation hardening, which modifies the thermo- mechanical behavior of the material. In addition, these alloys are prone to natural aging that causes variability in forming operations and increases the amount of scrap. The present study addresses the warm forming of two heat-treated Al-Mg-Si alloys (EN AW 6016-T4 and EN AW 6061-T6), in order to propose solutions that can contribute to the increase of robustness of sheet metal forming operations. The influence of natural aging, temperature and exposure time has been studied by using uniaxial tensile tests, cylindrical cup tests and the split ring tests. The main goal is to propose solutions to improve the robustness of the sheet metal forming process. Warm forming proves to be an effective solution for improving formability, reducing the springback and variability caused by natural aging. However, high forming speeds and fast heating are necessary to prevent precipitation hardening during forming operations.

A caracterização das propriedades visco-elástico-plásticas dos materiais asfálticos são importantes para uma melhor compreensão do comportamento mecânico e performance de pavimentos. O módulo complexo visa caracterizar as propriedades viscoelásticas lineares do material presente no campo das pequenas deformações. O ensaio para obtenção do módulo dinâmico pode ser realizado a partir de um carregamento senoidal uniaxial de compressão com frequências que podem variar de 0,1Hz a 25Hz e com temperaturas de -10°C a 54°C. O valor absoluto do módulo complexo é conhecido como módulo dinâmico |E*|, que pode ser definido como uma relação entre a amplitude de tensão e a amplitude de deformação. Já, a defasagem entre a tensão e a deformação é conhecida como ângulo de fase, que é um indicador das propriedades viscosas do material. Esta dissertação possuiu como objetivo caracterizar as propriedades viscoelásticas das misturas asfálticas quentes e mornas comumente utilizadas no Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando um aditivo surfactante para as misturas mornas. Para tanto foram dosadas 4 misturas asfálticas com agregados basálticos e os ligantes CAP 50/70, AMP 60/85, AB8 e CAP TLA e obtidos os parâmetros de adesividade e resistência dessas misturas quentes e mornas. Para a realização do ensaio de módulo dinâmico foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os procedimentos de ensaio e análise de dados, posteriormente, foi adotada a metodologia adequada para os ensaios. Os mesmos foram realizados utilizando uma prensa universal MTS e a análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio das ferramentas do Microsoft Excel. Através do estudo foi possível concluir que as misturas com ligante convencional possuem um comportamento similar entre a mistura convencional e a morna. O mesmo não ocorre nas misturas com ligante modificado, onde ocorre uma alteração tanto da fase viscosa como da elástica, sendo esse efeito mais predominante nas misturas modificadas por polímero. / The characterization of the viscoelastic-plastic properties of asphaltic materials are important for a better understanding of the pavements’ mechanical behavior and performance. The complex module aims to characterize as linear viscoelastic properties of the material present in the field of small deformations. The assay for obtaining the dynamic modulus can be performed from a compression uniaxial sinusoidal loading with frequencies ranging from 0.1Hz to 25Hz and temperatures from -10 °C to 54 °C. The absolute value of the complex modulus is known as dynamic module | E * |, which is defined as a relation between a stress amplitude and a strain amplitude. Already, a discrepancy between stress and strain is known as phase angle, which is an indicator of the viscous properties of the material. This dissertation aimed to characterize as viscoelastic properties of hot and warm asphalt mixtures commonly used in Rio Grande do Sul, using a surfactant additive for warm mixtures. In order to do so, four asphalt concrete mixes - composed with the basalt aggregates and binders CAP 50/70, AMP 60/85, AB 8 and CAP TLA – were designed. In addition, the parameters of adhesiveness and resistance to hot and warm mixtures were obtained. For a dynamic modulus test, a literature review was performed about the data analysis and test procedure, and a suitable methodology for testing was subsequently adopted. The tests were realized with an universal testing machine of MTS and the data analysis were performed by means of the Microsoft Excel tools. Through the study it was possible to conclude that mixtures with conventional binder presented similar behavior between a conventional and a warm mixture. The same does not occur in mixtures with modified binder, where a change in both the viscous and the elastic phases occurs, and this effect is more predominant in the polymer modified mixtures.

In the face of the internationally tightened requirements and regulations for CO2 emissions from the transportation sector, waste heat recovery using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) has become the most significant research interest. A vehicular TEG, converting otherwise wasted thermal energy from engines to electricity directly for use in the vehicle systems, is a promising approach for vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. This thesis aims to explore the main challenges to be faced in the commercialization of TEGs. Based on a review of the literature, four research gaps have been identified, which are respectively: * Translating the material improvements into TEG Performance, * Transient behaviors of vehicular TEGs under driving cycles, * Fuel saving percentage and cost-benefit estimation of TEG, * Bidirectional characteristic of TEM and bifunctional vehicular TEG. To directly address these research gaps, a quasi-static TEM model, a dynamic TEG model, a semi-empirical vehicular TEG model, and a dual-model TEM model have been respectively developed and validated through experiments on both TEM test rigs and TEG engine test benches. These developed models are used as tools to investigate the performance of TEG, parameters sensitivity, and integration effects. Model-based TEG control, TEG cost benefit ratio and feasibility of a bifunctional TEG are also explored based on the developed models. The simulation results show that TEG power generation is highly sensitive to the heat transfer coefficient of hot side heat exchanger and thermal contact resistance. The TEG installation position is identified as the most important integration effect. It has been found by the simulation result that the fuel saving with TEG installed upstream of the three-way catalyst (TWC) is 50% higher than the fuel saving with TEG installed downstream of the TWC. The fuel saving percentage for a skutterudite vehicular TEG, which can generate around 400-600W in constant speed 120km/h, is 0.5-3.6% depending on the integration position in the exhaust line. A 3-minute faster warm-up effect of engine oil can be obtained when the bifunctional TEG works in engine warm-up mode with electrical current applied.

abstract: Crumb rubber use in asphalt mixtures by means of wet process technology has been in place for several years in the United States with good performance record; however, it has some shortcomings such as maintaining high mixing and compaction temperatures in the field production. Organosilane (OS), a nanotechnology chemical substantially improves the bonding between aggregate and asphalt by modifying the aggregate structure from hydrophilic to hydrophobic contributing to increased moisture resistance of conventional asphalt mixtures. Use of Organosilane also reduces the mixing and compaction temperatures and facilitates similar compaction effort at lower temperatures. The objective of this research study was first to perform a Superpave mix design for Crumb Rubber Modified Binder (CRMB) gap-graded mixture with and without Organosilane; and secondly, analyse the performance of CRMB mixtures with and without Organosilane by conducting various laboratory tests. Performance Grade (PG) 64-22 binder was used to create the gap-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures for this study. Laboratory tests included rotational viscometer binder test and mixtures tests: dynamic modulus, flow number, tensile strength ratio, and C* fracture test. Results from the tests indicated that the addition of Organosilane facilitated easier compaction efforts despite reduced mixing and compaction temperatures. Organosilane also modestly increased the moisture susceptibility and resistance to crack propagation yet retaining equal rutting resistance of the CRMB mixtures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

Danish type swiss cheese has the characteristic "eye" of a regular swiss cheese and is similar in texture. The flavor is milder and has a softer body. Because of its milder flavor and softer body it is of interest for consumption. Because it cures faster than swiss cheese it has the added advantage of cutting down curing cost and thus requires a shorter time to reach the consumers. Another advantage is that it is made in small loaves or wheels which make for better handling, for it can be sold in both wholes ale and retail establishments without cutting before wrapping. Still another advantage of Danish type swiss cheese is that small equipment needed which is also adapted to manufacturing of cheddar cheese. The problem was to make better Danish type swiss cheese by applying different types and amounts of starters using Streptococcus lactis with a mixture of (1) Streptococcus thermophilus and (2) Lactobacillus bulgaricus and also to find the best combination of these bacilli and cocci. The influence of warm room temperature upon the eye formation and body and texture was studied. The Cheese was held in brine solution for different lengths of time to find the most effective salt concentration. Different temperatures were maintained in a warm room to find out which temperature was best for a higher quality of cheese. A pancreatic enzyme was added in different amounts to a few lots of milk before pasteurization, to find out whether it affects the body and texture and reduce the curing time. Pure trypsin was used in one lot to determine its influence on the quality of cheese.

During the last deglaciation, Greenland ice core records exhibit multiple, high frequency climate events including the Oldest Dryas, Bølling-Allerød and Younger Dryas, which may be linked to meltwater routing of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Previous studies show episodic meltwater input, via the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) several thousand years before the onset of the Younger Dryas until ~13.0 kcal (thousand calendar) yrs, when meltwater may have switched to an eastern spillway, reducing thermohaline circulation (THC). Data from laminated Orca Basin in the GOM, constrained by 34 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates, provide the necessary resolution to assess GOM sea-surface temperature (SST) history and test the meltwater routing hypothesis. Paired Mg/Ca and δ18O data on the Foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties) document the timing of meltwater input and temperature change with decadal resolution. White G. ruber SST results show an early 5°C increase at 17.6-16.0 kcal yrs and several SST decreases, including at 16.0-14.7 kcal yrs during the Oldest Dryas (2°C) and at 12.9-11.7 kcal yrs during the Younger Dryas (2.5°C). While the early deglaciation shows strong similarities to records from Antarctica and Tobago Basin, the late deglaciation displays climate events that coincide with Greenland and Cariaco Basin records, suggesting that GOM SST is linked to both northern and southern hemisphere climate. Isolation of the ice-volume corrected δ18O composition of seawater (δ18OGOM) shows multiple episodes of meltwater at ~16.4-15.7 kcal yrs and ~15.2-13.1 kcal yrs with white G. ruber δ18OGOM values as low as -2.5%0. The raw radiocarbon age of the cessation of meltwater in the GOM (11.375±0.40 14C kcal yrs) is synchronous with large changes in tropical surface water Δ14C, a proxy for THC strength. An early meltwater episode beginning at 16.4 kcal yrs during the Oldest Dryas supports the suggestion of enhanced seasonality in the northern North Atlantic during Greenland stadials. We suggest a corollary to the seasonality hypothesis that in addition to extreme winters during stadials, warm summers allowed for LIS melting, which may have enhanced THC slowdown.

<p>Never before has the interest for charity been greater. At this writing, U.S. charities have collected nearly one billion U.S. dollars (!) only in the aid for the disaster victims in Haiti.But can you get people to give even more? Are there yet unexplored market in which charitable organizations still have growth potential? Traditional economic theory which is based in individuals' rational behavior and self-utility maximization has a hard time to explain the phenomenon of charitable donations. But relatively new research can possibly connect the theory and the phenomenon through the theorem of warm-glow in why people actually donate money anonymously and indirectly to people they never met or will ever know who made the donation. This thesis will examine whether or not a small change in the environment could influence individuals to donate more money and / or more frequently. The study was conducted as a field experiment at an ICA store deposit station where people are faced with the choice to donate their deposit to the Swedish Red Cross instead of getting a voucher for themselves. The obtained results shows a statistically significant difference between the donation of the pledge of over 13 percentage more in the presence of a visual stimulus, more specifically a picture of a poor boy drinking clean water from a tap. That results in a doubling in nominal amounts of donations for the charity. Moreover, I find that people who already before the experiment are sympathetic to donating the pledge do so to a greater extent than people who were not. Neither sex nor age seemed to affect the results in any way.</p>