Acts of insurgency have become an increasing threat resulting in extensive measures being taken by the law enforcement authorities to mitigate their devastating effects on human life and infrastructure. This thesis introduces a magnetometry-based information, and signal processing methodology for detecting concealed ferrous objects in vehicle body panels. From extensive literature research, it was observed that while magnetic sensors have been used in a variety of related applications, but they have not been extensively applied to the on-road detection of firearms and explosives concealed in vehicles. This study utilized an extensive experimental protocol for preliminary concept validation. The main idea behind the approach was that almost all concealed weapons and explosives are made up of a considerable amount of ferrous material, and hence produce a local distortion in the Earth’s magnetic field. This distortion can then be identified by utilizing sensitive magnetic sensors. To detect concealed ferrous objects, magnetic signatures of a vehicle door panel were obtained by using a scanning assembly design in this thesis project, and compared to a base magnetic signature of the same vehicle door panel. The base magnetic signature is the magnetic field data of the same vehicle where no foreign ferrous objects were present. To analyze the data, a signal processing methodology was designed. To achieve the objective of accurately detecting concealed ferrous objects, simple measures such as magnetic field strength and its energy density were computed. These simple measures were then used in conjunction with more sophisticated statistical methods such as, normalized cross-correlation and Mahalanobis distance. Although all these methodologies were able to detect a magnetic footprint anomaly in the presence of a concealed object, the Mahalanobis distance approach, in particular provided the most conclusive results in all the test cases considered.

Vapengravar associeras vanligtvis med att de innehåller vuxna män, möjligen en krigare. Detta gör barn i vapengravar till ett undantag från denna norm och något problematiskt i denna gravkontext, ett hinder för arkeologer att handskas med då gravarna ifrågasätter tidigare normer och tolkningar av vapengravar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera och jämföra tre vikingatida vapengravar innehållande anmärkningsvärt unga individer, barn enligt modernt synsätt. Uppsatsen tar hänsyn till motiven för en grav, hur man tolkar vapengravar och den sociala konstruktionen av barndomen. Med detta i åtanke jämförs tolkningar av tre olika vapengravar med särskilt unga individer med varandra genom en litteraturstudie baserad på arkeologiska vetenskapliga texter. De tre huvudsakliga texterna är ”En ryttargrav på Ihrefältet” av Stenberger (1942), ”A Princely Child in Birka” av Gräslund (1998), samt ”A Viking Burial at Balnakeil, Sutherland” av Batey och Paterson (2012). Tolkningar av forskare jämförs med varandra för att synliggöra mönster, avvikelser och det obemärkta inom denna mycket sällsynta kategori av gravar. / Weapon graves are typically associated with containing adult males, perhaps a warrior. Which makes children in weapon graves an exception to this norm and somewhat problematic in this grave context, an obstacle for archeologists to deal with as the graves challenge previous norms and interpretations of weapon graves. The purpose of this thesis is to study and compare three Viking Age weapon graves containing distinguishable young individuals, children in the modern view. The essay considers the motifs of a grave, how to interpret weapon graves and the social construction of childhood. With this in mind, interpretations of three different weapon graves with particularly young individuals are compared to each other through a literature study based on archeological scientific texts. The three main texts are ”En ryttargrav på Ihrefältet” by Stenberger (1942), ”A Princely Child in Birka” by Gräslund (1998), and ”A Viking Burial at Balnakeil, Sutherland” by Batey and Paterson (2012). Interpretations of researchers are compared with each other in order to reveal patterns, deviations and things unnoticed within this very rare category of graves.

No description available.

Technology tends to evolve over time, leading over things to evolve with it. One example may be the evolution of weapons with technological advancement. When these weapons change, it changes how war is conducted. This paper seeks to delve into the specifics of this phenomena. With technological advancement, the world has seen new threats such as lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) and cyber weapons. New weapons have been, at times, too threatening. They have created so much stigma around themselves the international community ultimately decided against their use. These weapons may then receive a weapon taboo, discouraging their use. This paper seeks to analyze whether the aforementioned emerging technology weapons – LAWs and cyber weapons – may deserve a taboo. The paper will utilize case studies by examining weapons which were previously given a taboo. By determining why other weapons - specifically chemical and biological weapons (CBWs) and nuclear weapons - received a taboo, this paper will determine whether LAWs and cyber weapons also meet the criteria.

No description available.

This multiple-case-based dissertation contributes to the stream of literature on the organizational innovation process by examining Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) as an innovation with the potential to address an important schedule planning and execution performance gap in DOD weapon system development programs. The contextually different Integrated Product Team case studies in DOD's F/A-22 fighter aircraft weapons system acquisition program are: manufacturing assembly, manufacturing process, test operations, and supplier product development. Rich descriptions of the case studies are developed by the author, a senior Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company systems engineer in a role that merged participant, observer, change agent and champion (POCAC). Analysis distinguishes between Program and Operational levels of organizational structure and focuses on the innovation process through use of the author-designed Casey Hybrid Innovation Process (CHIP) model based on Rogers' stages heuristic. Substantively, research demonstrates that in key areas of the F/A-22 program, proper application of the innovative Critical Chain Project Management process can generate and achieve development schedules sometimes substantially better than traditional approaches; improper application will lead to mixed results or rejection. The research contributes to knowledge in the field of organizational innovation by demonstrating use of the CHIP model in the huge, geographically dispersed and extremely complex organization of the largest DOD weapon system acquisition program of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The research reflects Program leadership's important role in the top-down initiation and support of an innovation, even while choosing (by policy) not to force use at the Operational level. At the Operational level, details show that IPT implementations and results of the CCPM innovation vary. / Ph. D.

<p>Den här uppsatsen behandlar stridsvagn122 och Remote Weapon Station (RWS). Det finns ett verkansglapp mellan dagens kalibrar 120 mm och 7,62 mm. Observationsmöjligheterna i vissa situationer är begränsade. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka nya förmågor och möjligheter till ytterligare ett verkansalternativ en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan tillföra stridsvagn 122. De frågeställningarna som behandlas är: Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området stridsteknik? Vem i besättningen skall bemanna systemet? Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området graderad verkan? Metoden som används är kvalitativ textanalys. Materialet som analyseras består av reglementen ochinstruktionsböcker från Försvarsmakten, information från försvarsindustrin samt facklitteratur om vapen och stridsvagnar. Slutsatserna som dras är att en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan bidra med förbättringar inom området stridsteknik. Inom området graderad verkan kan en fjärrstyrdvapenplattform tillföra olika förmågor beroende på vilket vapensystem som väljs. Moduläriteten medför att verkan kan situationsanpassas. Jag bedömer att den i besättningen som lämpligen ska bemanna systemet är laddaren, men en större flexibilitet uppnås om även vagnchefen kan operera systemet, eftersom vissa situationer kräver att laddarens hela uppmärksamhet är fokuserad på kanonen.</p> / <p>This essay studies the Swedish main battle tank stridsvagn 122 and Remote Weapon Station. There is a gap between 120mm and 7.62mm. The observation possibilities in certain situations is limited. The purpose of this essay is to investigate which new abilities a remote weapons station can bring. The following issues are investigated: How does a Remote Weapon Station affect tactics on squad level? Who in the crew is most suited to man the system? Which scalable effects can a remote weapon station bring? The method used is qualitative text analysis. The analyzed material consists of regulations and manuals from the Armed Forces, information from the defence industry. Literature about Weapons and tanks written by civilian authors will be used in order to get a source from outside the Armed Forces. The conclusions drawn are that a remote weapons platform can contribute to enhancements of battle tactics on squad level. A Remote Weapons Station can introduce different new scalable effects depending on the weapon chosen for the specific task. I believe that the loader is the person in the crew that is most suited to man the RWS-system, but a higher degree of flexibility would be reached if also the tank commander could operate the system, since the loader in some situations must direct his full attention to the canon.</p>

Den här uppsatsen behandlar stridsvagn122 och Remote Weapon Station (RWS). Det finns ett verkansglapp mellan dagens kalibrar 120 mm och 7,62 mm. Observationsmöjligheterna i vissa situationer är begränsade. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka nya förmågor och möjligheter till ytterligare ett verkansalternativ en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan tillföra stridsvagn 122. De frågeställningarna som behandlas är: Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området stridsteknik? Vem i besättningen skall bemanna systemet? Vad kan en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform tillföra inom området graderad verkan? Metoden som används är kvalitativ textanalys. Materialet som analyseras består av reglementen ochinstruktionsböcker från Försvarsmakten, information från försvarsindustrin samt facklitteratur om vapen och stridsvagnar. Slutsatserna som dras är att en fjärrstyrd vapenplattform kan bidra med förbättringar inom området stridsteknik. Inom området graderad verkan kan en fjärrstyrdvapenplattform tillföra olika förmågor beroende på vilket vapensystem som väljs. Moduläriteten medför att verkan kan situationsanpassas. Jag bedömer att den i besättningen som lämpligen ska bemanna systemet är laddaren, men en större flexibilitet uppnås om även vagnchefen kan operera systemet, eftersom vissa situationer kräver att laddarens hela uppmärksamhet är fokuserad på kanonen. / This essay studies the Swedish main battle tank stridsvagn 122 and Remote Weapon Station. There is a gap between 120mm and 7.62mm. The observation possibilities in certain situations is limited. The purpose of this essay is to investigate which new abilities a remote weapons station can bring. The following issues are investigated: How does a Remote Weapon Station affect tactics on squad level? Who in the crew is most suited to man the system? Which scalable effects can a remote weapon station bring? The method used is qualitative text analysis. The analyzed material consists of regulations and manuals from the Armed Forces, information from the defence industry. Literature about Weapons and tanks written by civilian authors will be used in order to get a source from outside the Armed Forces. The conclusions drawn are that a remote weapons platform can contribute to enhancements of battle tactics on squad level. A Remote Weapons Station can introduce different new scalable effects depending on the weapon chosen for the specific task. I believe that the loader is the person in the crew that is most suited to man the RWS-system, but a higher degree of flexibility would be reached if also the tank commander could operate the system, since the loader in some situations must direct his full attention to the canon.

Vi lever i en värld där teknikutvecklingen går allt snabbare och till synes exponentiellt och oförtröttligt kommer att fortsätta öka. Hur detta påverkar Försvarsmaktens val av tekniknivå för framtida sensorförmåga för artillerilokalisering kopplat mot operativa krav, interoperabilitet och ekonomi blir extra intressant när radartekniken befinner sig i ett generationsskifte. Beprövad teknik, internationella och militära krav på en artillerilokaliseringsradar ställs mot ny radarantennteknik, svensk forskning och utveckling av Aktiva Elektroniskt Styrda Antenner (AESA). Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida ny teknik är ett nödvändigt tekniksteg för artillerilokalisering eller är "gårdagens" teknik lika bra eller kanske till och med bättre i vissa användningsområden och situationer? Är AESA ett nödvändigt tekniksteg för artillerilokalisering? Metoden för uppsatsen är en jämförande litteraturstudie d.v.s. en kvalitativ textanalys utifrån en given teoriram. Uppsatsen är också undersökande och beskrivande där jag har kopplat empiri genom studiebesök med intervjuer och informationsinhämtning hos bl. a Saab EDS, FMV samt FOI. Resultatet visar att den nya radartekniken tillför nya förmågor och kan förbättra sensorprestanda men att enbart nyttja AESA-teknik för artillerilokalisering blir både dyrt och exklusivt. Den aktiva antenntekniken lämpar sig även för multifunktionalitet vilket kan komma att ha en avgörande betydelse i framtiden. / We are living in a world where technology development is accelerating and seemingly exponentially and tirelessly will continue to increase. How this will affect the Armed Forces' choice of technology for future generations of sensor capability regarding weapon location systems and related to operational requirements, interoperability and economics is particularly interesting when the radar technology is in a generation shift. Proven technology, international and military requirements for a weapon locating radar system are set against new antenna technology and the Swedish research and development of the Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESA). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether new technology is necessary for weapon locating systems or is "yesterday's" technology as good as, or maybe even better, in certain applications and situations than AESA? Is AESA technology a necessary step for weapon locating systems? The method of this paper is a comparative literature study, i.e. a qualitative textual analysis from a given theoretical framework. This essay is also investigating where I have linked theory with empirical data from interviews with Saab EDS, FMV and FOI. The results show that the new radar technology adds new abilities and can improve sensor performance, but to only use AESA technology for weapon locating purposes is both expensive and exclusive. The active antenna technology is also suitable for multi-functionality, which may play a crucial role in the future.

Title: Influence of physical demands on shooting accuracy with hand-operated weapon. Objectives: Aim of this thesis is compare how physical load, present by Burpee motor abilities test, aplicate on selected group of soldiers influence their shooting accuracy from pistol in stand up position with bouth hands grip at standing target. Aggregate of twenty test subjects is comosed of policemen from Department of protect and escort Military police Prague and students from VO at FTVS UK in Prague. Methods: For statistical data processing we used the method of comparison and comparison of averages. To determine statistical significance, we used two- tailed, paired t - test. For the evaluation targets, we used numerical method for detecting mean point of impact. Results: The measured data were processed statistically, it was found that physical activity has statistical effect on the shooting accuracy, while standing and with both hands grip, from pistole in the first group (MP). The second measurement work out similary, which mean physical exercise has statistical effect on the shooting accuracy, while standing and with both hands grip, from pistole. Furthermore, we found that the greatest influence on shooting accuracy after physical exertion realized by Burpee test, have the individual level of fitness...