Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-16T14:04:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATHEUS DE MESQUITA SILVEIRA_.pdf: 3195256 bytes, checksum: 93215bf3d853defd937188616055e161 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-16T14:04:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATHEUS DE MESQUITA SILVEIRA_.pdf: 3195256 bytes, checksum: 93215bf3d853defd937188616055e161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Esta tese visa apresentar uma visão “sentimentalista-evolucionista” do comportamento moral, a fim de defender que os vínculos emocionais propiciados pela empatia constituem a base da moralidade. O argumento parte do conceito de moral adotado por Adriano Naves de Brito, a partir do trabalho de Ernst Tugendhat, para quem a moral é uma relação de exigências recíprocas presente em pequenos grupos. Minha proposta é alargar essa concepção de modo a abarcar não só seres humanos, mas também mamíferos de vida social complexa. A investigação do fundamento motivacional da moralidade será feita a partir dos escritos de David Hume, para quem as emoções representam, em última instância, a fonte que inclina os indivíduos a aprovar e censurar ações. Uma tese de proposta naturalista precisa compatibilizar sua base teórica com conceitos centrais do evolucionismo. Por esse motivo, a leitura desses autores e os argumentos desenvolvidos no decorrer dessa investigação estarão enraizados em conceitos centrais da teoria evolucionista, conforme proposta por Charles Darwin. Considerando a importância que as emoções e a empatia possuem na discussão metaética sobre o comportamento moral, é necessário explicá-las a partir de uma conceptualização naturalista. A discussão entre o construtivismo social e a psicologia evolucionista é relevante a essa questão. Utilizarei estudos sobre a fisiologia das emoções socialmente relevantes da culpa, vergonha e raiva, para defender um fundamento biológico para as mesmas. Considerando que um efeito não possui uma natureza diferente de sua causa, demonstrar que elas são expressas e reconhecidas de maneira inata é um forte argumento em favor da defesa de sua origem natural. Contudo, ainda que sejam expressas e reconhecidas de maneira inata, é preciso que os indivíduos não sejam indiferentes à sua manifestação. Mecanismos psicobiológicos de sociabilidade consistem nos candidatos ideais para explicar a vinculação emocional inerente a pequenos grupo e central a moralidade explicada em bases naturais compatíveis com a teoria evolucionista. Caso seja possível explicar os elementos constituintes dos comportamentos normativos em moldes “sentimentalista-evolucionista”, então se obterá um real avanço no projeto mais amplo de naturalização da moral. / This dissertation aims to present a “sentimentalist-evolutionist” view of moral behavior, in order to argue that the emotional bonds elicited by empathy constitute the ground of morality. The argument starts from the concept of morals adopted by Adriano Naves de Brito, from Ernst Tugendhat's work, for whom morality is a relation of reciprocal demands presents in small groups. My proposal is to extend this concept in order to include not only human beings, but also mammals with complex social lives. The investigation of the motivational foundation of morality will be done from the writings of David Hume, for whom emotions ultimately represent the bases that lean individuals to approve or censor actions. A dissertation with a naturalistic proposal needs compatibilize its theoretical base with central concepts of evolutionism. Therefore, the reading of these authors and the arguments developed in the course of this investigation will be rooted in central concepts of the evolutionist theory, as proposed by Charles Darwin. Considering the importance that emotions and empathy have in the metaethical discussions about moral behavior, it is necessary to explain them from a naturalistic conceptualization. The debate between social constructivism and evolutionist psychology is relevant to this question. I will use studies on the physiology of socially relevant emotions of guilt, shame and anger, in order to defend its biological bases. Considering that an effect does not have a different nature of its cause, to show that emotions are expressed and recognized innately is a strong argument in the defense of its natural origin. However, even if emotions are expressed and recognized innately, it is important that individuals do not be indifferent toward its manifestation. Mechanisms psychobiological of sociability consists in an ideal candidate to explain the emotional bond inherent to small groups and central to a morality, explained in natural bases and compatible with evolutionist’s theories. In case one can explain the elements of normative behaviors in the ways of a “sentimentalist-evolutionist” approach, then it will obtain a real advance in the wider project of naturalization of morality.

Habitat group dioramas were developed depicting two types of Indiana habitat. A beaver-wolf habitat group diorama was constructed in a display case adjacent to C. L. 166 on the first floor, south hallway, of the Life Science wing of the Cooper Science Complex. A white-tailed deer habitat group diorama was constructed in a display case contained in the north hallway of the second floor of the Life Science wing of the Cooper Science Complex.Methods involved in the development of the aioramas included: collection of information through field studies and research, collection, identification and preservation of plant and animal specimens and development of the descriptive labels.The beaver-wolf habitat group diorama depicted a beaver habitat in early winter. The white-tailed deer habitat group illustrated a segment of white-tailed deer habitat group in Indiana in the spring.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This thesis is an attempt to analyze the discourse of &ldquo / Valley of Wolves&rdquo / , a television serial which gained a significant popularity in recent years. To understand the serial&rsquo / s discourse I have first analyzed the general aspects of the narrative and approached to it as a televisual text. Concerning the political discourse two arguments, both connected to nationalism, is provided. First one concerns the psychology of the serial. Psychological mechanisms that the serial make use of is similar to Adorno&rsquo / s insights concerning fascism which may be formulated as &ldquo / acknowledgement of the weakness, identification with the victor&rdquo / . The serial interpellates weak ordinary citizens who are impotent in front of powerful conspirators, and invites him to identify with the hero who is able to save him from these malicious uncontrollable forces. Nationalism constitutes the kernel of this psychology. Nation is the community of simple-minded ordinary people free of conflict: its inner harmony is disturbed only by external forces through conspiracies. In that respect, the serial depends on the logic of conspiracy and xenophobia. Secondly, the serial overtly advocates &ldquo / deep state&rdquo / , that is the break-down between legality and legitimacy as far as &ldquo / the survival of the state&rdquo / is concerned. It has sympathy for traditional mafia, but it essentially backs up illegal activities on behalf of state. Thereby, irt articulates a nationalist mentality and carries some important features of the Turkish Nationalism.

The use of geospatial technologies, including radio telemetry, GPS collars, and mapping software, has proliferated in wildlife conservation. In addition to being tools for research, though, tracking devices are increasingly used to control animals that have been reintroduced to natural areas. Animals with radio or GPS collars can be tracked, and when considered necessary, trapped and relocated or removed to captivity, a common practice in projects to reintroduce and conserve endangered carnivores. The assumption is that such actions will help to defuse conflicts over wildlife between wildlife managers and land users. Conservation has come to mean surveillance and control, a situation recently made possible by technology. This dissertation examines the role of geospatial technology in conservation through an examination of the Mexican Wolf Reintroduction Project taking place in Arizona and New Mexico. Major findings include: 1. Policies to monitor and control Mexican wolves represent a deferral of the struggle over priority uses of public lands; 2. State and local government agencies seized on the discourse of adaptive management to gain control over the reintroduction project and expand their institutional authority. Rather than a practice of "learning by doing" and collaboration, however, the adaptive management program that was implemented only operated smoothly when it held together a prior political consensus and fell apart when external factors worked to dissolve that consensus; 3. The policies of controlling "problem wolves" rest on a series of assumptions about human and wolf behavior that are unsubstantiated and likely false; 4. The embodied production of geospatial data about Mexican wolves is erased in project-authored maps, which privilege a partial perspective on Mexican wolf distribution and territory; and 5. The practices of Mexican wolf monitoring and control are best understood as political technologies of governance that constitute Mexican wolves as individualized, domesticated and, I argue, racialized subjects. The policies and practices governing the Mexican wolf reintroduction project, this dissertation shows, have relied on technological surveillance and control, with complex and contradictory results for people-wolf relations and the politics of conservation.

Magistro darbe tiriama plėšriųjų žvėrių ir tetervinų populiacijos būklė. Tyrimo objektas – Radviliškio rajone esančiame Praviršulio tyrelio valstybinio botaninio - zoologinio draustinyje sutinkami plėšrieji žvėrys ir tetervinai. Darbo tikslas - nustatyti plėšriųjų žvėrių ir tetervinų populiacijos būklę Praviršulio tyrelio valstybiniame botaniniame – zoologiniame draustinyje. Siekiant darbo tikslo buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1) ištirti draustinio plėšriųjų žvėrių rūšinę sudėtį, atskirų rūšių gausą bei tankį; 2) apskaičiuoti tetervinų gausą bei tankį; 3) apskaičiuoti plėšrūnų ir aukų santykį bei jo atitikimą ekologiniam santykiui; 4) ištirti plėšriųjų žvėrių ir tetervinų populiacijos dinamiką. Tyrimo metodai - Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė bei sintezė, duomenų grupavimas, statistiniai metodai, grafinis vaizdavimas. Tyrimo laikotarpis apima 2008 -2009 metus. Darbo rezultatai: buvo išstudijuota lietuvių ir užsienio autorių moksliniais darbai bei periodinė literatūra apie medžiojamosios faunos elgseną įtakojančius veiksnius, buvo ištirta draustinio plėšriųjų žvėrių rūšinė sudėtis, apskaičiuota žvėrių gausa, bendras tankis, ištirta žvėrių populiacijos dinamika. Gauti tokie rezultatai: 2008-2009 metais plėšriųjų žvėrių gausa didėjo. Apskaičiuoti plėšriųjų žvėrių ir aukų santykiai gana labai neatitiko ekologinių. Tetervinų gausa 2008-2009 metais sumažėjo. / Master's work examined prey animals, and heath-cock population of the state. Object of research – Carnivora and heath-cocks met in the territory of Praviršulis tyrelis public botanical - zoological reservation in Radviliškis district. Purpose of the Paper – estimate the state of Carnivora and heath-cocks in the Praviršulis tyrelis public botanical - zoological reservation. Achieving the purpose the following goals were raised: 1) to determine the varietal composition, abundance and density of certain species of the Carnivora in the reservation; 2) to determine the abundance and density of heath-cocks in the reservation. 3) to determine the ratio between predators and preys, and its conformity with ecological ratio; 4) to explore the dynamics of Carnivora and the heath-cock populations. Methods of research - analysis and synthesis of Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature, data grouping, statistical methods, graphical presentation. The research period is the years 2008 - 2009. The results: there was studying scientific works of Lithuanian and foreign authors and periodic literature about the factors influencing the behaviours of fair game, there was determined the abundance of animals, general density, determined the dynamics of animals population. Obtain the following results: 2008-2009, increased the abundance of prey animals. Calculate prey animals and the relationship between the victims is quite inconsistent with the ecological. Hheath-cocks abundance declined in 20... [to full text]

In 2010 and 2011, Manitoba Hydro in collaboration with Manitoba Conservation collared 65 gray wolves (Canis lupus) as part of a larger multi-year boreal woodland caribou research project. There is insufficient data regarding populations of gray wolves in Manitoba or their movements throughout the province. The objective of this study was to typify wolf movements in Manitoba to provide recommendations for industry and government for the development of policy and integrated resource management plans of this species. Of the 65-collared wolves, 11 were selected to examine their movements in three regions of the Province. It was found that wolf populations overlap one another in the study area, to varying degrees. Their ability to move long distances, creates challenges for resource managers, as most management plans only consider management at a regional scale rather than a multi-jurisdictional level. In addition, this examination of gray wolf movements will assist in understanding their role as predators on the protected boreal woodland caribou and depressed moose populations within the Province.

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In this work is researching the behaviour peculiarity of wolves and the public opinion towards wolves. The aim – to investigate the wolves’ tracks and the harm of wolves to livestock in Gulbinas forest and in district of this forest; to evaluate the local public opinion towards wolves. The object –the local wolves’ population living in Gulbinas forest and neighborus lesser forests (Vileišiškiai, Vaitutiškiai, Daugmaudžiai, Skobiškiai and Aušgiriai) also agricultural land between these forests in northern part Šiauliai district. Methods – the behaviour of wolves was investigated by snow tracking method; the harm and the public opinion towards wolves were investigated by questionnaire method. Technical tools – global position estimation appliance GPS „EMAP“, computer programme ARCWIEW GIS 3.2. Results – Directional tracks of wolves may be founded in various age stands and clear cut areas. So it can be that farming in the forests does not do the substantial influence to wolves’ choice of tracks. But it’s observes the tendency, that wolves give the priority to more older stands and avoid clear cut areas. Mostly were attacked young animals up to 1 year old (76%). They make the most big part (4,8%) of livestock killed through the year from the all number of young livestock. Mostly livestock were attacked during July - August (76%), less during Sepember – (24%).

The niche concept, which provides a tractable measure of the environment encountered by organisms, figures prominently in ecological and evolutionary theory. Although neglected, valuable information may be gained by examining niche variation at hierarchies nested within its historical roots at the species level. Herein I examine intrapopulation variation in foraging niche - at the sub-population, social group, and individual levels - and investigate its ecological causes and evolutionary consequences in a predator-prey system within a marine archipelago. I used two analytical techniques. My primary tool, stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N, coalesces the multiple dimensions of the foraging niche into two dimensions. Variation in prey remains identified in faeces served as an independent data set. I examined how different levels of resource availability over space and time as well as competition could account for observed intrapopulation niche variation in a terrestrial carnivore (wolf, Canis lupus). Major shifts in resource use were associated with biogeographic region, from dominance of in situ terrestrial resources (deer, Odocoileus hemionus) on the mainland to prevalence of allochthonous (marine) resources islands. The probability of deer remains in wolf faeces declines as a function of island isolation. Correspondingly, marine enrichment in isotopic signatures of wolves increases with isolation. Estimates of marine biomass assimilation vary from roughly 25 to 50 to 75% among mainland, inner, and outer island sub-populations respectively How animals select resources also can contribute to intrapopulation variability in niche. A `resource selection' approach indicated that, when available, wolves select spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) over deer. Although only available during autumn, salmon contribute up to 25% of biomass assimilation in wolves over the 6 month period for which it was estimated. Moreover, previously undocumented salmon hunting by wolves I report identifies them as among a few primary biological vectors that transfer salmon from marine into adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. I also ask whether intrapopulation variation exists at finer scales, and specifically at the individual level. Approximately 40% of total variation in `isotopic niche' exists within social groups, likely a function of strong intraspecific (i.e. intra-pack) competition in this social carnivore. Moreover, the magnitude of inter-individual variation was significantly higher on inner islands compared with the mainland and outer islands, likely because of differences in prey species richness and interspecific competition, which likewise vary among biogeographic regions. On a smaller spatial scale, 1 examined the niches of deer to ask whether microspatial variation in vegetation patterns also create conditions suitable for inter-individual niche divergence. Such variation presents a potentially central object on which natural selection can act. Using intra-generational comparisons of deer that had either survived or perished from wolf predation, I detected resource-specific fitness. Individuals with isotopic signatures that suggested they foraged in nutritionally-rich forest stands were more likely to be killed by wolves, suggesting a trade-off between predation risk and nutritional benefit. Moreover, non-survivors diverged more than survivors from median isotopic niches, suggesting selection against foraging specialization. Both selection against specialization and proposed trade-offs would maintain observed variation in niche, and possibly also traits associated with the niche. Stable isotope analysis in an evolutionary framework provides novel opportunity to integrate the ecological and selective landscapes to identify underlying ecological mechanisms of selection and provide insight into the maintenance of variability. Variability in intrapopulation niche can be predicted by ecological and evolutionary conditions and processes in the environment. Specifically, niche variability is largely a Function of habitat variability, which large and varied protected areas would best provide. Moreover, management that aims to safeguard an 'average niche' for a population may not adequately protect diverse populations and the processes underlying such readily observed variability.