En bidragande orsak till den stora sjuksköterskebristen idag är den bristande arbetsmiljön. Detta påverkar omvårdnaden negativt och riskerar sjuksköterskors hälsa. Det är arbetsgivarens skyldighet att se till att sjuksköterskor inte riskerar att drabbas utav ohälsa, trots detta tillhör sjuksköterskeyrket de yrke som haft flest antal sjukskrivningar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av arbetsrelaterad ohälsa. Studien gjordes som en litteraturstudie med systematiska sökningar. Databearbetningen resulterade i tre kategorier vilka belyser Arbetsbelastning som bidragande orsak till ohälsa, Stress som bidragande orsak till ohälsa samt Organisation & Hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet som bidragande orsak till ohälsa. Resultatet visar att det främst är organisationen, Hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet och arbetsmiljön som sätter hinder för sjuksköterskor att kunna tillämpa en god, evidensbaserad och patientsäker vård. Detta medför att sjuksköterskor känner sig otillräckliga, otillfredsställda och drabbas av somatiska besvär som sömnsvårigheter och ångest som ett resultat av stress. Genom att erhålla förståelse och kunskap till vad som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad ohälsa skulle åtgärder kunna vidtas för att främja sjuksköterskors hälsa vilket även gynnar patientomvårdnaden. Vidare forskning kring förändringsbara faktorer i verksamheten som inte är lika hårt kontrollerade av organisationen skulle kunna underlätta för sjuksköterskor och därmed bidra till utveckling inom professionen / A contributing factor to the large nursing shortage today is deficiencies in the nurses’ work environment. This affects both nursing care and risks nurses’ health. The employer has the obligation to ensure that nurses’ do not suffer from ill-health. Despite this, nurses’ belongs to a profession that had the most number of sick leaves. The aim of the study was to investigate the nurses’ experience of work related illhealth. The study was done as a literature review with a systematic search. The data processing result in three categories which highlights Workload as a contributing factor to illness, Stress as a contributing factor to illness and Organization and the Healthcare system as a contributing factor to illness. The result shows that work environment, organization and the healthcare system puts obstacle for nurses’ to be able to apply a good, evidence and safety patient care. This entails that nurses’ feel insufficient, dissatisfied and suffer from somatic symptoms such as insomnia and anxiety as a result of stress. By obtaining an understanding and knowledge of what contributes to work related ill-health provision could be made to promote nurses’ health which also benefits the patient care. Further research on modifiable factors in the workplace that are not strictly controlled by the organization could facilitate for nurses’ and thereby contribute to development in the nurse profession.

Stress is both a health risk and an economic risk for our society. Employers search for ways to offer possible stress reducers for their employees. Mindfulness as a stress reducer is a fairly new research area but with a good amount of research papers suggesting that mindfulness programmes over several weeks are successful in reducing subjective perceived stress as well as physiological stress, such as blood pressure and cortisol levels. This study aims to examine whether mindfulness could show positive effects on stress at work, after only one mindfulness session, compared to being on an extended break. Measurements includes the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), blood pressure and pulse. The results show that engaging in one single mindfulness session does have an effect on lowering blood pressure as well as lowering perceived tension, which is one of four parts of the SMBQ.

WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG DENTISTS AND ORTHODONTISTS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. by Natalie R. La Rochelle Thesis Director: Dr. Eser Tüfekçi, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., M.S.H.A. Professor, Department of Orthodontics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May 2017 The practice of dentistry is physically demanding due to static and dynamic postures sustained daily throughout careers. Previous literature suggests that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are not solely the result of work habits, but also due to the individual, his or her physical makeup, genetics, and personal lifestyle. A 33-question survey was distributed to 1000 general dentists and 2300 orthodontists. The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was greater among dentists and most often reported as self-limiting. Dentists were three times more likely than orthodontists to report WMSD; females were twice as likely to report WMSD than males; those who sought alternative medical remedies were two times more likely to have WMSD; and practitioners 6-10 years in practice were least likely to report WMSD. Dentists reported sitting in static positions longer than orthodontists; and those with WMSD indicated exercising, stretching, and seeking alternative health remedies more than dentists without WMSD.

Coping – a qualitative study of experiences of stress and burn-out in the work with children and youth within the social services. The aim of this study was to examine experiences and coping of work related stress and burn-out among social workers within the child and youth department of the social services in a larger municipality of Sweden. It is a qualitative study built on interviews with social workers about their experiences of stressful situations in their demanding working environment, and how they manage to handle these. They find their work-load unrestricted and demanding. To guard their own limits to their work-load and engagement in the organization and cases they work with, and to prioritize the duties they find most important, are found to be the main coping strategies. Support from colleagues and family, as well as working part time when having children, are also expressed as important factors in managing the stressful working situation, and to hopefully avoid burn-out. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka erfarenheter, upplevelser och hantering av stress och utbrändhet i arbetet med barn och unga inom socialtjänsten i en större svensk kommun. Detta är en kvalitativ studie byggd på intervjuer med socialarbetare angående deras erfarenheter av stressade situationer och krävande arbetsklimat, samt hur de hanterar dessa sammanhang. De konstaterar att arbetsbördan är obegränsad och krävande. Att vakta sina egna gränser i förhållande till arbetsbörda och engagemang i organisationen och ärenden man hanterar, och att prioritera de arbetsuppgifter man tycker är viktigast, uppfattas var de främsta coping-strategierna. Stöd av kollegor och familj såväl som att arbeta deltid när man har barn, uttrycks som viktiga faktorer i hanteringen av den stressade arbetssituationen, och för att förhoppningsvis undvika att bli utbränd.

This diploma thesis deals with the employer's liability for damages caused by work-related accidents or occupational diseases of his employees. The reason for choosing this topic was partly because of the author's experience with the assessment of work-related accidents in legal proceedings, partly due to the high- frequency of work-related accidents and also the fact, the results of work-related accidents and occupational diseases not rarely cause a long-term adverse repercussion in real life of an employee. The main point of this thesis is to analyse elements of stated employer's liability for damages. Using the case law, detailed analysis of the concept of work- related accidents is performed in the same chapter. There are analysed specific situations with conclusions if the injury can be evaluated as an work-related accident or not. Besides work-related accidents, occupational diseases and other elements of liability, this chapter deals with the possibility of an employer to be absolved from any liability as well. Case law concerning the absolution from liability is also included in this chapter. The essential part of this thesis is also the enumeration of employer's obligations connected to the fact his employee has suffered a work-related accident or an occupational disease. The most...

Bakgrund: Personalplanering är ett strategiskt arbete som bland annat handlar om att förstå vilken personal och kompetens som finns i organisationen. Organisationer lägger idag fokus på att göra det sociala livet reviderbart, vilket kan vara en anledning till att kvantitativa urvalsmetoder används i rekryteringsprocessen. I samband med detta belyses kritik mot en kvalitativ metod då subjektivitet vid insamlande av information inte anses önskvärt. Trovärdigheten samt validiteten i arbetspsykologiska tester, vilket är en rationell urvalsmetod, ifrågasätts då synen på kvantifiering av kandidatens egenskaper är delad. Det är därför av intresse att öka förståelsen för användandet av arbetspsykologiska tester och dess funktion i praktiken, hur andra faktorer påverkar validiteten samt betydelsen av en kontextuell förståelse. Syfte: Att få en större förståelse över hur den rationella urvalsmetoden arbetspsykologiska tester används som ett verktyg i rekryteringsprocessen. Genom att anlägga ett perspektiv som belyser komplexiteten i både beslut och människan avser uppsatsen även att ifrågasätta hur metoden fungerar i det praktiska rekryteringsarbetet. Metod: I denna kvalitativa undersökning har åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med testledare genomförts för att få en djupare insikt i hur testerna fungerar i det praktiska arbetet. Utöver detta presenteras tre dimensioner av arbetspsykologisk testning som sätter ramarna för uppsatsen upplägg. Slutsats: Funktionen av testerna är beroende av dess avsedda syfte och tillvägagångssätt gällande när och hur testerna används. Begåvningstester kan vara en effektiv och rättvis metod för att sträva efter objektivitet i första urvalet där tydliga minimikrav finns. Personlighetstester kan vara ett hjälpmedel för att förstå hur kandidatens förutsättningar ser ut snarare än att få en större förståelse för hur kandidaten är. / Background: Personnel planning is a strategic function that involves, among other things, comprehension about that staff and skills that exist in the organization. Organizations today focus on making the social life revisable, which could be a reason for using quantitative selection methods in recruitment. In relation to this, there is some criticism about using a qualitative method since subjectivity in gathering information is not considered desirable. The credibility and validity in work related psychological testing, which is a rational selection method, are questioned since the view of quantification of the candidate's attributes is divided. Therefore, it is of interest to increase the understanding of the function and practical use of work related psychological testing, the significance of contextual understanding as well as how other factors affect its validity. Purpose: To gain a greater understanding of how the rational selection method, work related psychological testing, is used as a tool in the recruitment process. By constructing a perspective that highlights the complexity of both decision making and personality, this essay also aims to examine the function of the method in the practical recruitment work. Method: In this qualitative study, eight semi-structured interviews with test leaders have been conducted to gain a deeper insight into the function of testing in the practical work. In addition to this, a model of three dimensions of work related psychological testing are presented and set the framework for the structure of the essay. Conclusion: The function of the tests is dependent on its purpose and approach considering when and how the test is used. Mental ability testing is an effective and fair method to strive for objectivity in the first selection where minimum requirements exist. Personality tests can be a tool to understand the candidate's conditions rather than creating a complete image of the candidate’s traits.

Stressiga arbetsförhållanden är vardag för sjuksköterskan och samtidigt som kraven blir allt fler förväntas hen ge en god, trygg och säker vård. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress hos sjuksköterskan inom hospital vård. Studien är utformad som en litteraturstudie och med hjälp av Fribergs analysmodell har artiklar sökts fram i olika elektroniska databaser. De artiklarna med relevant innehåll har kvalitétsgranskats och sedan analyserats enligt Fribergs analysprocess. Totalt användes nio artiklar där nyckelord identifierats och teman sedan utformats, den information om stressframkallande faktorer som tagits fram strukturerades slutligen upp i fyra teman, rädsla att göra fel, ensamhet, uteblivet stöd, och otillräcklighet. Resultatet visar att en hög andel sjuksköterskor upplever arbetsrelaterad stress på sin arbetsplats, men också att de största orsakerna till detta är rädsla att göra fel, ensamhet, uteblivet stöd och en känsla av att otillräcklighet. Denna stress kan i sin tur leda till brister i patientsäkerheten och möjligheten att bedriva den goda vård som är önskvärd, är ej möjlig. Relaterat till tidsbrist för sjuksköterskan finns risk för moralisk stress, där den vård som ser till patientens bästa ej hinns med. Med denna studie finns därför en förhoppning att informera allmänsjuksköterskor inom hospital vård och organisationen runt omkring om faktorer för arbetsrelaterad stress, för att bidra till ökad förståelse och därmed en hållbar utveckling.

Background: Usage of temporaries in contemporary business is increasing due to demand for agile and efficient way of doing business. This trend has been rising especially when turning into 21stcentury. Growing group of temporary workers in different industries being mobile and under different circumstances than regular full-time workers. One professional group working with clients in temporal terms is consultants hired as project managers to lead customer projects in project-based organizations. These project managers switch context between businesses and try to adapt as soon as possible to new environments. The paper uses concept of liminality as a metaphor to describe these passages between projects which starts identity work and sensemaking process in individual. Purpose of Thesis:  The purpose of this thesis was to study how project managers cope with liminality using sensemaking and identity work as a point of view. Methodology: This is a qualitative cross-sectional study conducted through semi-structured interviews in order to gather primary data for further analysis and findings. The empirical data was gathered from a Finnish professional service company and consisted ten interviews of consultant project managers. Findings: The study presents a four-field matrix forming project manager archetypes as embodiments of variation how consultant project managers deal with liminality. Although, the group of people in the sample can be perceived homogeneous, it turned out that it contained heterogeneous characteristics regarding the research scope. The main differences found are illustrated through technical or social approach toward work, and whether sensemaking processes occurred in individual or collective manner. Therefore, the study was able to create four different form of archetypes: the realist, the connector, the performer and the moderator.

Este estudo objetivou a adaptação transcultural do questionário Cultural Study of Musculo-Skeletal and Other Symptoms and Associated Disability - CUPID Questionnaire, para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil e a validação do seu conteúdo. O estudo é do tipo metodológico e foi realizado obedecendo aos procedimentos internacionais recomendados e aos procedimentos específicos indicados pelo autor do Questionário, uma vez que será aplicado em estudo multicêntrico por ele coordenado. A adaptação transcultural foi realizada seguindo as etapas de tradução, retrotradução, avaliação destas versões por um comitê de juízes e pré-teste da versão pré-final. O pré-teste foi realizado no Departamento de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo com 40 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Ajustes foram feitos após a análise das traduções pelo comitê de juízes quando o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi inferior a 80%. A versão resultante do questionário foi então pré-testada para verificar a capacidade compreensão e preenchimento pelos sujeitos e a possibilidade de ajustes, considerando o indicativo de ajustes quando 15% destes apresentassem dificuldades em relação ao preenchimento. Os resultados do pré-teste apontam um número significativo de trabalhadores de enfermagem com dores em região lombar, ombro, cotovelo, punho e/ou mão e joelho, associados a sintomas psicossociais e demais incapacidades. A análise das respostas dos sujeitos aos itens do Questionário não evidenciou dificuldades de compreensão e entendimento na totalidade dos itens, indicando a validade de seu conteúdo para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil. Conclui-se que a versão Brasileira do CUPID Questionnaire é um instrumento adequado para identificar os sintomas musculoesqueléticos, indicados pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem, relacionados às atividades ocupacionais, aspectos psicossociais e outras incapacidades associadas / The objective of this study was to adapt the Transcultural Questionnaire Cultural Study of Muscular-Skeletal and Other Symptoms and Associated Disability CUPID Questionnaire, to the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil and to validate its contents. This methodological study was performed in accordance with internationally recommended procedures and the specific procedures indicated by the Questionnaires author since it will be applied in a multicenter study coordinated by the author. The transcultural adaptation was performed following the steps of translation, back-translation, evaluation of these versions by a committee of judges and pre-test version of the pre-final. The pre-test was performed in the Nursing Department of University Hospital at the University of Sao Paulo with 40 nursing workers. Adjustments were made after an analysis of the translations by a committee of judges when an index of content validation was less than 80%. The resulting version of the questionnaire was then pre-tested to verify the capacity of comprehension and form completion by the subjects and the possibility of adjustments considering an adjustment indicator when 15% of them presented difficulty related to form completion. The results of this pre-test showed that a significant number of Nursing workers complained of pain in the regions of lumbar, shoulder, elbow, wrist and or hand and knee, symptoms associated with psychosocial and other disabilities. Analysis of the subjects responses to items of the questionnaire revealed no difficulty in the comprehension and total understanding of the items indicating a validity of its contents for the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil. It can be concluded that the Brazilian Version of the CUPID Questionnaire is an adequate instrument for the identification of musculoskeletal symptoms indicated by nursing workers related to occupational activities, psychosocial aspects and other associated incapacities

En kvalitativ studie som syftar till att analysera vad som kan skapa bra förutsättningar för ett ledarskap på distans, beskriva vilka utmaningar och möjligheter detta kan medföra och uppmärksamma upplevda skillnader mellan att leda på distans och att leda på plats. Åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes där tidigare forskning om leader-member exchange theory och arbetsrelaterad känsla av sammanhang låg till grund för intervjuguiden. En tematisk analys genomfördes vilken resulterade i fem teman: tydlighet, kommunikation, tillgänglighet, relationer och stöd samt kompetens och effektivitet. De fyra första temana bidrog till att skapa bra förutsättningar för ett ledarskap på distans, utmaningar som framkom var att skapa förutsättningarna. I dessa teman fanns även skillnader mellan typerna av ledarskap. Det femte temat var övergripande och kom att stå för möjligheter med ett ledarskap på distans och anledningar till att det var nödvändigt. Studien visar en komplex bild av ledarskap på distans där alla teman samverkar.