Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2953. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves i-iii. Includes bibliographical references (178).

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate how social services workers describe, the risk of being exposed to threats and violence in their profession. Six social services workers were interviewed, four from the Welfare Office in a major city and two from the Child and Family Services in a minor city. Results showed that the majority of social services workers consider themselves exposed in their profession, meaning that they feel there's a risk of a violent or threatening situation occurring in their work situation. All interviewees had experiences from some sort of threat or violence in a work related context and they attested that non-personal assaults, such as threats made through telephone, email and answering machines are more common than verbal assaults made in personal meetings. Being prepared and listening to ones intuition is a way of dealing with exposure when meeting with a client. By working in pairs you can decrease the risk of being exposed in a violent/threatening situation. Several of the interviewees pointed out that they are more tolerant to certain clients in order to cope with their work situation.</p>

Objetivos. Estimar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza (VLETA) contra médicos en servicios de salud hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal analítico que incluyó médicos del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), la Seguridad Social (EsSalud) y el subsector privado. Se midió la frecuencia de VLETA durante toda la práctica profesional, en los últimos doce meses y en el último mes. Se midieron variables relacionadas al médico, al agresor y al servicio de salud. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RPs) cruda y ajustada mediante un modelo lineal generalizado familia Poisson con bootstrap no paramétrico. Resultados. Participaron 406 médicos. El 31,5% fueron víctimas de VLETA al menos una vez durante su práctica profesional; 19,9% en los últimos doces meses y 7,6% en el último mes. La probabilidad de ser amenazado en los últimos doce meses aumentó si el médico era varón (RPa:1,7;IC95%:1,1-2,8), egresado de una universidad peruana fuera de Lima Metropolitana (RPa:1,5; IC95%:1,1-2,4), laboraba en MINSA (RPa:7,9;IC95%:2,24-50,73) o en EsSalud (RPa:8,68; IC95%:2,26-56,17), y atendía en emergencia (RPa:1,9;IC95%:1,2-3,6) o en sala de operaciones (RPa:1,6 IC95%:1,1-2,3). La edad, los años de práctica profesional o ser médico residente no se asociaron a VLETA. Conclusiones. En los hospitales estudiados, una alta proporción de médicos ha sido víctima de VLETA. Laborar en servicios públicos aumenta dicha probabilidad. Se sugiere implementar estrategias de prevención primaria, identificación y soporte en los establecimientos hospitalarios. / Objectives. To calculate the frequency and factors associated with external workplace violence (EWV) against doctors in health inpatient services in the metropolitan area of Lima (Spanish: Lima Metropolitana), Peru. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional analytic study, which included doctors from the Ministry of Health (MINSA), Social Security (EsSalud), and the private subsector, was carried out. The frequency of EWV was measured throughout the entire professional practice during the previous 12 months and during the last month. Variables related to the doctor, assailant, and health service were measured. Raw and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated by means of a Poisson-family generalized linear model with non-parametric bootstrapping. Results. A total of 406 doctors participated; 31.5% were victims of EWV at least once during their professional practice, with 19.9% over the past 12 months and 7.6% during the last month. The chances of being threatened in the last 12 months increased if the doctor was male (adjusted PR [aPR]: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1- 2.8), had graduated from a Peruvian university outside of the metropolitan area of Lima (aPR: 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4), worked at MINSA (aPR: 7.9; 95% CI = 2.24-50.73) or EsSalud (RR: 8.68; 95% CI = 2.26-56.17), and worked in the emergency (aPR: 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2-3.6) or operating room (aPR: 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.3). Age, years of professional practice, or being a medical resident were not associated with EWV. Conclusion. In the hospitals studied, a large number of doctors have been victims of EWV. Working in public services increases the possibility of violence. Implementation of support, identification, and primary prevention strategies in hospitals is recommended.

Globally workplace violence is a pressing concern. It is an ever increasing problem and thus an extensive field to research. Despite an increase in interest, there are specific areas of workplace violence that remain relatively unexplored, and this is further compounded because workplace violence is not clearly defined and neither is it readily understood (Dolan 2000, Webster et al 2007). Women’s experiences of workplace violence have been overlooked, primarily because women exist within a patriarchal society, and many are deemed of a lesser value than men. A patriarchal society has elevated men into positions of power whilst women have more generally remained subordinate, and it is this which has led to many of the experiences of working women going unrecognised as violence and abuse (Morgan and Bjokrt, 2006). Subsequently, these encounters have remained unexplored and under-researched (Dale and Acik 2005). To address this imbalance my study has adopted a feminist standpoint. It is therefore based on in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with working women from a diverse range of occupations and backgrounds, and who have endured the lived reality of a working woman’s life. By taking such an approach this study has identified many of the patterns and trends of physical, psychological and sexual violence that are relevant to the suffering of working women. Further, the findings identify how working women face supplementary risks to those generically posed to the workforce. Additionally, this study identifies ‘risky traits’ that are pertinent to the experiences of women, including systems of male power and dominance, for example, male solidarity. These are systems that exist to the detriment of women, in that many women feel fearful, believing they are isolated and indeed vulnerable in the workplace. Moreover, the workplace offers workers minimal support, if any, to female victims of workplace violence which also impacts on the health and wellbeing of working women more generally.

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de violencia laboral (VL) auto-reportada en médicos y enfermeras en los diferentes niveles de atención, y evaluar sus factores asociados en la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud (ENSUSALUD), Perú, 2016. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico mediante análisis secundario de la base de datos ENSUSALUD 2016 sección personal de salud, conformada por médicos y enfermeras pertenecientes a los tres niveles de atención a nivel nacional. La variable dependiente fue VL física y verbal durante su vida profesional. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas (RPa) mediante regresión de Poisson corregida por muestreo complejo usando establecimientos como conglomerados. Resultados: Participaron 5098 individuos, siendo 66.2% mujeres y 57.7% personal de enfermería. 41.2% había experimentado algún tipo de VL. En los niveles de atención I/II, 7.1% había sufrido VL física, y 38.3% verbal. En el nivel III, 12.7% reportó VL física, y 42.5% verbal. En los modelos ajustados para VL física en los niveles I/II, se encontró mayor prevalencia en médicos residentes respecto a enfermería (RPa 4.89, IC95% 1.76-13.6). Respecto a VL verbal en los niveles I/II, se encontró mayor prevalencia en médicos asistentes (RPa 1.29, IC95% 1.02-1.63) y residentes (RPa 1.46, IC95% 1.02-2.09) comparado con personal de enfermería. En el nivel III, se asociaron múltiples factores a VL física y verbal, incluyendo edad, sexo, tipo de institución, área de atención, profesión, especialidad, y tipo de contrato. Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de VL auto-reportada. Los factores asociados fueron distintos dependiendo del nivel de atención. En los niveles I/II, VL física y verbal estuvieron únicamente asociados al tipo de profesión. / Objectives: To estimate self-reported prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) among nurses and physicians and evaluate their associated factors in the National Satisfaction Survey on Healthcare Users (ENSUSALUD), Peru, 2016. Methods: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis of ENSUSALUD, personnel section, which surveyed nurses and physicians from primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare centers nationwide. Outcomes were physical and verbal WPV during working life. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were obtained using Poisson regression adjusted for complex survey using healthcare centers as clusters. Results: 5098 health workers participated, 66.2% were women, and 57.7% were nurses. 41.2% had experienced some WPV. In healthcare levels I/II, 7.1% reported physical WPV and 38.3% reported verbal WPV. In level III, 12.7% reported physical WPV and 42.5% verbal WPV. The adjusted models for physical WPV at the I/II levels of care, showed higher prevalence among resident physicians compared to nursing staff (aPR 4.89, CI95% 1.76-13.6). Regarding verbal WPV at levels I/II, there was higher prevalence among attending (aPR 1.29, CI95% 1.02-1.63) and resident physicians (aPR 1.46, CI95% 1.02-2.09) compared to nurses. At level III, there was association with several factors including age, sex, institution type, attention area, profession, having specialty, and contract type. Conclusions: There was high prevalence of self-reported VL. Associated factors differed depending on the healthcare level. In healthcare levels I/II, verbal and physical VL were only associated to profession. / Tesis

Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza (VLETA) contra médicos en servicios de salud hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio de corte transversal analítico que incluyó médicos de servicios de salud hospitalarios del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), la Seguridad Social (EsSalud) y el sector privado. Se midió la frecuencia de VLETA durante toda la práctica profesional, en los últimos doce meses y en el último mes. Se midieron variables relacionadas al médico, al agresor y el servicio de salud. Para evaluar la asociación entre los factores y VLETA en los últimos doce meses, se calculó la Razones de Prevalencia (RPs) cruda y ajustada con IC95% mediante un modelo lineal generalizado de Poisson con bootstrap no paramétrico. Resultados: Se incluyó 406 médicos. El 31,5% fueron víctimas de VLETA al menos una vez durante su práctica profesional, 19,9% en los últimos doces meses y 7,6% en el último mes. La probabilidad de ser amenazado en los últimos doce meses aumentó si el médico era varón (RPa: 1,7;IC95% 1,1-2,8), egresado de una universidad peruana fuera de Lima Metropolitana (RPa 1,5; IC95% 1,1-2,4), laboraba en el MINSA (RPa 7,9; IC95% 2,24-50,73) o en EsSalud (RPa 8,68; IC95% 2,26-56,17), y atendía en emergencia (RPa 1,9; IC95% 1,2-3,6) o en sala de operaciones (RPa 1,6 IC95% 1,1-2,3). La edad, los años de práctica profesional o ser médico residente no se asociaron a VLETA. Conclusión: Una alta proporción de médicos ha sido víctima de VLETA. Laborar en servicios públicos aumentó la probabilidad de serlo. Se sugiere implementar estrategias de prevención primaria, identificación y soporte en los establecimientos hospitalarios. / Objective: To estimate the frequency and associated factors with external workplace violence external type threat (VLETA) against doctors in hospital health services of Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: A crosscut and analytical study that included medical hospital health services of Health Ministry, Social Security and the private sub-sector through a survey. VLETA frequency was measured throughout the practice, in the last twelve months and in the last month. Variables related to doctor, the aggressor and the health service were measured too. The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with CI 95% to evaluate the association between factors and VLETA in the last twelve months, were calculated using a generalized linear model with nonparametric bootstrap. Results: 406 physicians were included. 31.5% were victims of VLETA at least once during his practice, 19.9% in the last twelve months and 7.6% in the last month. The probability of being threatened in the last twelve months increased if the doctor was male (aPR: 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8), graduated from a Peruvian university outside Lima Metropolitana (aPR 1.5, 95 % 1.1-2.4), worked in MINSA (aPR 7.9; 95% CI 2.24 to 50.73) or EsSalud (aPR 8.68, 95% CI 2.26 to 56.17), and attending emergency (aPR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6) or operating room (95% CI 1.1-2.3 aPR 1.6). Age, years of professional practice or a resident doctor, not associated with VLETA. Conclusion: A high proportion of doctors has been the victim of VLETA. Physicians who worked in public services were more likely to be victims. It is suggested to implement strategies for primary prevention, identification and support in hospitals. / Tesis

The healthcare sector experiences violence 4 times as much as any other civilian domain, including law enforcement and corrections facilities. The clinical practice problem addressed in this project was the lack of adequate healthcare workplace violence (HWV) prevention in a not-for-profit community hospital. The purpose of this project increase awareness of HWV prevention through the use of an education module. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation model served as the foundation for analysis of scores from pre- and posteducation tests. The practice-focused question asked if a module on HWV prevention based on current clinical practice guidelines and peer-reviewed literature would improve staff members’ knowledge on workplace violence. A staff education project was designed to address the practice problem. The research design was an anonymous pre- and posttest for score comparison to analyze data by noting changes in proportion of correct answers. Nursing professionals (N = 14) participated in the education module and pre- and posttests. The percent of correct answers to 18 knowledge-related questions increased from 82% on the pretest to 91% on the posttest. The facility elected to expand the project to a more comprehensive program and requested additional modules to broaden understanding of and sustain HWV prevention strategies. These efforts will enact positive social change for healthcare staff by promoting a culture that embraces a safe work environment, increases staff knowledge on HWV prevention, decreases HWV and is supported by organizational systems.

Workplace violence is a phenomenon which is growing and it has the potential to affect individual performance and organizational productivity. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of employees regarding workplace violence in the National Department of Social Development. The researcher was motivated to choose this subject as a result of her observation working as Employee Health and Wellness Manager in the same Department whereby there were cases reported were related to workplace violence such as poor working relationships, conflict , work related stress and high level of mental health. Furthermore, lack of research and literature studies concerning workplace violence motivated the research. The qualitative approach was utilized and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data about the experiences of employees utilizing interview scheduled, 10 employees who were employees of the National Department of Social Development were interviewed. Purposive sampling method was used to select the suitable participants of the study who met the specific defined criteria. The type of research utilised was applied research to explore the experiences of employees regarding workplace violence and to give meaning to it. A collective case study was used to focus on participants who have experienced workplace violence in order to understand the types of workplace violence that were experienced, the effects it had on individuals as well as factors contributing to workplace violence in the National Department of Social Development. Theoretical overview that was discussed focused on understanding the how the different concepts related to workplace violence is defined in literature as well as looking at the effects of workplace violence on employees and employer as well as highlighting the different types of workplace violence. The research findings indicated that workplace violence is well conceptualised by the employees of Social Development and they understand the meaning of workplace violence. The study has also confirmed that workplace violence exists within the department and most of participants have experienced internal workplace violence. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Förekomsten av hot och våld ökar i samhället. Inom hälso- och sjukvården har akutmottagningen identifierats som en av de arbetsplatserna där hot och våld är vanligast förekommande. Sjuksköterskor är den profession inom hälso- och sjukvård som löper störst risk att utsättas för hot och våld från patienter och anhöriga.   Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av hot och våld på akutmottagning. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökningar genomfördes i PubMed, Cinahl och PsycInfo, där 17 artiklar identifierades som besvarade litteraturöversiktens syfte. Genom en integrerad analys identifierades tre huvudkategorier: hot och våld som en del i det dagliga arbetslivet, att möta och hantera hot och våld samt konsekvenser vid förekomst av hot och våld.   Resultatet visade att hot och våld mot sjuksköterskor på akutmottagningar var vanligt förekommande globalt. Sjuksköterskor fann det svårt att hantera hot och våld på sin arbetsplats, med psykiska och fysiska konsekvenser som följd. Det arbetsrelaterade våldet påverkade sjuksköterskorna såväl professionellt som privat. Det finns troligtvis ett stort mörkertal av arbetsrelaterat hot och våld, då detta inte rapporteras i lika stor utsträckning som det förekommer. Sjuksköterskorna uppgav att de kände sig otrygga på sin arbetsplats och en stor andel av sjuksköterskorna beskrev att de någon gång på grund av arbetsrelaterat hot och våld övervägt att byta arbetsplats.  Slutsatsen av denna litteraturöversikt var att hot och våld var ett vanligt förekommande globalt problem som har en stor betydelse för sjuksköterskors psykiska- och fysiska välmående. Kvalitén på vården minskade när sjuksköterskan utsattes för hot och våld och som ett resultat av detta upplevdes patientsäkerheten hotad / The incidence of threats and violence is increasing in society. Within health care, the emergency room is the workplace where threats and violence are most common. No other workforce than nurses is more prone to being exposed to threats and violence from patients and their relatives.     The aim of this literature review was to describe nurses’ experiences of threats and violence in the emergency room.    The chosen method to study this was a literature review. Article searches were conducted on PubMed, Cinahl and PsycInfo, from which relevant 17 articles were identified. Through an integrated analysis, three categories were identified: threats and violence as part of daily working life, facing and managing threats and violence, and the consequences of the occurrence of threats and violence.    The results showed that threats and violence are commonplace in emergency clinics. Nurses find it difficult to manage threats and violence in their workplace, with psychological and physical consequences. Work-related violence affected nurses both professionally and privately. It is highly likely that a large number of incidents are never reported, where threats and violence against nurses most often go unreported. Nurses describe feeling unsafe at their workplace and a large proportion of nurses indicate that they have at some point considered changing workplace due to workplace violence   The conclusion of this study is that workplace violence is a common problem world wide that is of great importance for the mental and physical well-being of nurses. Quality of care decreases when nurses were exposed to workplace violence and therefore patient safety is threatened

Social work literature has documented that social workers may be the victims of client violence. However, to date, no studies have documented the nationwide prevalence of client violence towards social work students. This study examined direct and indirect incidents of physical assault, threats of physical harm, verbal abuse, threats of lawsuit, and property damage. The randomly selected national sample of social work students were selected from the National Association of Social Workers (N = 595). Findings revealed that 41.7% of social work students directly experienced client violence during their practicum. The highest rate of the violence reported by students was verbal abuse (37.5%) while the lowest rate of reported violence was physical assault (3.5%). Being male was the most significant predictor of social work students' exposure to client violence. Other factors related to increased violence were found, such as ethnicity and degree program. This study also examined whether students received safety training in 17 content areas and where they received the training. Fewer than 50% of students received training in most training content areas, regardless of where training was received. Furthermore, increased safety training in the field agency was significantly related to increased threats of physical harm and overall client violence. When training from all venues was totaled, increased training was significantly related to increased verbal abuse, property damage, and overall direct client violence. This study found that when students experience client violence directly or indirectly, they have increased fear of future violence in social work practice. Implications for social work programs, field agencies and educators and social work students are discussed. Training content and strategies are suggested.