This thesis explores the development of individuality in Nigerian books for young adults, Akata Witch and Akata Warrior by Nnedi Okorafor. For that, the literary concepts of young adult literature and the heroic journey (monomyth) is used. This thesis aims to prove that the heroic journey framework may be applied to young adult literature, primarily concerning the formation of identity resulting a certain correlation between the two types of narrative. Based on the description of concepts of literary theory, such as the Other, described by Robyn McCallum, and the individual constitutive elements of the heroic journey, in the theoretical part, the analysis from both vantage points and subsequent correlation between them is described in the practical part. The two books that are analysed are described from the point of three major concepts of young adult literature and all twenty six steps of the heroic journey, based on Campbell and other literary theorists. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that there is a certain correlation between the two narrative frameworks. It is especially similar concerning the growth of individuality of its protagonists. Despite there being a correlation among the two types of narrative, young adult literature and the heroic journey, certain elements do not have...

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Bakgrund: Depression räknas som ett psykiatriskt sjukdomstillstånd, symtom kan lindras och behandlas. Depression bedöms vara den tredje största orsaken till sjukdomsbörda i världen. Globalt sett beräknas runt 280 miljoner människor att lida av depression, Inom Sverige diagnosticeras cirka 19% av befolkning mellan 16-84 år någon gång i livet med depression. Primärvård den första kontakten inom hälso- och sjukvårdsystemet för många unga vuxna som söker med psykisk ohälsa. Till följd ställs då högre krav på den grundutbildade sjuksköterskan att möta patienter med adekvata preventiv omvårdnad mot depression. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa unga vuxna patienters upplevelse av omvårdnad vid preventivt hälsoarbete mot depression inom primärvården. Metod: Litteraturstudie kvalitativ ansats baserades på tolv vetenskapliga studier. Databassökningar gjordes i Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Resultatet identifierad två huvudkategorier: Bemötande i omvårdnad, Underlättande faktorer och barriärer inom omvårdnad. Huvudkategorierna omfattade fem underkategorier: Vårdrelation, Patientens delaktighet, Hälsoundervisning, Unga vuxnas omgivning, Vårdens tillgänglighet. Konklusion: Unga vuxna patienter som söker vård vid depression beskriver att en anpassad personcentrerad vård är en grund för en god omvårdnad. Empatiskt bemötande, delaktighet i den egna vården, lätt tillgänglighet och bra information bidrar till att patientens egna resurser stärks till att vidta hälsofrämjande åtgärder i preventivt syfte mot depression. / Bakgrund: Depression is considered a psychiatric illness, symptoms can be alleviated and treated. Depression is estimated to be the third largest cause of disease burden in the world. Globally around 280 million people are estimated to suffer from depression. Within Sweden approximately 19% of the population between 16-84 years is diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives. Primary care is the first point of contact within the health care system for many young adults who apply with mental health problems. As a result, higher demands are placed on the basic nurse to meet patients with adequate preventive nursing care against depression. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to shed light on young adult patients' experience of nursing measures in preventive health work against depression in primary care. Method: Literature study qualitative approach was based on twelve scientific research. Database searches were performed in Cinahl and PubMed. Result: The result identified two main categories: Treatment in nursing care, Facilitating factors and barriers within nursing. The main categories consisted of five subcategories: Care relationship, Patient participation, Health education, Young adult’s environment, Availability of care. Conclusion: Young adult patients who seek care for depression describes that an adapted person-centered care is a base for good nursing care. Empathic treatment, participation in patients own care, easy accessibility and good information contribute to the strengthening of the patient's own resources to take health-promoting measures in preventive purposes against depression.

La dépression chez les jeunes est fréquente et entraîne une détresse et un handicap pour les individus et leurs familles/aides-soignants. Les lignes directrices en matière de traitement et de prévention soulignent la nécessité d'informations de qualité et d'interventions psychosociales fondées sur des données probantes. Récemment, on s'intéresse de plus en plus aux interventions psychopédagogiques, qui fournissent généralement des informations précises sur les problèmes de santé et sur l'auto-gestion au client et à ses aides-soignants. L'objectif de cette revue systématique est de déterminer si les interventions psychopédagogiques peuvent être utilisées pour prévenir et traiter la dépression chez les jeunes adultes. Des recherches systématiques ont été effectuées dans MEDLINE Ovid, PsycInfo, et les listes de références. Aucune étude ne répondait aux critères d'inclusion de cette revue. Quatorze études issues d'une édition spéciale du Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal (Davis et al., 2018) ont été discutées. Ce numéro met l'accent sur les besoins et les services efficaces pour les personnes souffrant de graves problèmes de santé mentale pendant leur transition vers l'âge adulte. Les populations ciblées par ces études sont les suivantes : les étudiants universitaires bénéficiant d'un soutien éducatif, les jeunes adultes blancs et latino- américains bénéficiant d'une aide pour trouver un emploi, les jeunes et les jeunes adultes impliqués dans le système judiciaire, les jeunes adultes souffrant de troubles de l'humeur et les prestataires de services destinés aux jeunes en transition vers l'âge adulte. L'accent mis sur la diversité des échantillons met en lumière certains des progrès réalisés dans le domaine. Les interventions psychopédagogiques peuvent jouer un rôle dans la prévention et la prise en charge de la dépression chez les jeunes, en tant qu'approche principale ou complémentaire. Le nombre limité d'études, le manque d'hétérogénéité dans les formats et les évaluations, ainsi que le manque de cohérence dans la définition des interventions psychopédagogiques rendent difficile la comparaison des programmes et la mesure de l'efficacité globale. Les études futures doivent établir une définition commune des interventions psychopédagogiques, développer/évaluer les interventions psychopédagogiques conformément aux cadres d'interventions complexes et analyser leurs composantes actives. / Youth depression is common and leads to distress and impairment for individuals and their families/caregivers. Treatment and prevention guidelines stress the need for good information and evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Increasingly, there is a growing interest in psychoeducational interventions (PIs), which broadly deliver accurate information about health issues and self-management to the client and his/her caregivers. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate whether psychoeducational interventions can be used to prevent and treat youth depression. Systematic searches were undertaken in MEDLINE Ovid, psycINFO, and reference lists. No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Fourteen studies from a special edition of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal (Davis et al., 2018) were discussed. This issue focuses on the needs of, and effective services for individuals with serious mental health conditions as they transition into adulthood. The populations of focus in these studies are: college students receiving educational supports, White and Latino young adults receiving employment supports, youth and young adults with justice system involvement, young adults with mood disorders, and service providers for youth in transition to adulthood. The focus on diverse samples highlights some of the progress in the field. PIs can have a role in preventing and managing youth depression, as a primary or complementary approach. The limited number of studies, heterogeneity in formats and evaluation, and inconsistent approach to defining PI, make it difficult to compare programmes and measure overall effectiveness. Future studies need to establish an agreed definition of PI, develop/evaluate PIs in line with frameworks for complex interventions, and analyse their active components.

Bakgrund  Övergången från ung till vuxen med sin uppsjö av nya upplevelser ses ofta som en utmaning av många. Att få diagnosen diabetes mellitus typ 1 innebär en ny omställning och ett stort ansvarstagande för individen. Den unge vuxnes välbefinnande och hälsa beror till stor del på deras förmåga till egenvård. Sjuksköterskans kompetens samt undervisning- och handledningsförmåga är av stor betydelse för patienter som diagnostiseras med sjukdomen. Sjuksköterskor behöver därför ha förståelse för hur sjukdomen upplevs för att en god vägledning i den nya livsstilen ska kunna ges.  Syfte  Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva unga vuxnas upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 1.  Metod  En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes där 15 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades och låg till grund för resultatet. Med hjälp av olika sökkombinationer i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL kunde artiklarna inhämtas och kvalitetsgranskas utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Därefter genomfördes en integrerad dataanalys av de valda resultatartiklarna och sorterades in i huvudkategorier och subkategorier.  Resultat  Tre huvudkategorier och nio subkategorier identifierade. Huvudkategorierna var: Känslomässiga upplevelser hos unga vuxna med diabetes, Utmaningar vid egenvården av diabetes och Stödet till egenvård vid diabetes. Resultatet visade på att rädsla och oro inför komplikationer som kan uppstå i vardagen var en gemensam känsla bland deltagarna, precis som känslan av trygghet från familj och vänner upplevdes som välbehövlig av samtliga.  Slutsats  Resultatet visade på gemensamma upplevelser kring utmaningar som de unga vuxna stöter på i sin vardag. Dessa upplevda utmaningar kan undvikas om omgivningen får rätt kunskap om sjukdomen och fortsätter stödja de unga vuxna i sin behandling. Ansvaret ligger huvudsakligen hos den unga vuxna, men med stöd från sjukvården samt familj och vänner stärks individens förmåga att klara av sin egenvård. / Background  The transition from juvenile to adult with its plethora of new experiences is often seen as a challenge by many. Receiving the life-long diabetes mellitus type 1 during this transitional phase, fundamentally changes an individual ́s everyday life and requires the individual to adapt to a new reality of self-care. A great deal of responsibility follows along being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes which means that guidance and support is in the nurses hands. The nurse's role in aiding the patient in their disease management is significant, hence the nurses need to have an understanding of how the disease is experienced in order to provide good guidance in the new lifestyle.  Aim  The aim of this study was to describe young adults' experiences of self-care in type 1 diabetes mellitus.  Method  A non-systematic literature review was conducted. Fifteen qualitative research articles were included. With the help of various search combinations from the databases PubMed and CHINAL, the articles were retrieved and quality reviewed based on Sophiahemmet Högskolas/University ́s assessment tools for classification and quality review. Thereafter an integrated data analysis was performed of the selected result articles and the data was sorted into main categories and subcategories.  Results  Three main categories and nine subcategories were identified. The main categories were: Emotional experiences of young adults with diabetes, Challenges in self-care of diabetes and Support for self-care in diabetes.  Conclusions  Common challenges that the young adults encountered in their everyday lives were shown in the results. These experienced challenges could be avoided if the surrounding people got the right knowledge about the disease and a continued support of the young adults with their self-management. With the support from healthcare providers, family and friends, the individual's ability to manage their own care will be strengthened.

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The intent of this thesis was to test the feasibility of constructing performance-for-development narrative using a constructive logic approach. I created an equation which expressed the sum of non-human-elements as the sum of a narrative with each element serving as a variable. I used a review of persuasion literature to provide insight into the selection and manipulation of each variable. I provided my family as a hypothetical example and used my knowledge of their preferences and communication styles in conjunction with the literature and the equation to craft a narrative which might increase pro-school attitudes in other families like my own. I found that there exists a narrative comprised of only non-human elements that are likely to yield change in an audience given a specific situation, and that a constructive logic approach can be used to craft performance-for-development narrative.

Emmett Till’s murder inspired many novelists, poets, and artists. Recently, Till has inspired several feminist young adult novelists who are introducing his case in an intersectional way to a new generation of readers. The works that I have studied are A Wreath for Emmett Till (2003) by Marilyn Nelson, The Hunger Games Trilogy (2008-2010) by Suzanne Collins, and Midnight without a Moon (2017) by Linda Jackson. By examining how the authors employ a feminist perspective, readers can understand how they are striving for a more inclusive, intersectional feminist movement. This is significant because the publishing industry, specifically for Young Adult Literature, is not diverse. These works, while often overlooked by critics, may be the first exposure most young readers have to Emmett Till. Each of these novels could be used to teach readers not only about Till’s case, but also about current events to help foster a multicultural consciousness.

Young adult dystopian fictions follow the patterns established by the classic adult dystopias such as George Orwell's 1984 and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, but not completely. Young adult dystopias tend to end happily, a departure from the nightmarish ends of Winston Smith and John Savage. Young adult authors resist hopelessness, even if the fictional world demands it. Using a rhetorical approach established by Wayne Booth in The Rhetoric of Fiction and The Company We Keep, this thesis traces the reasons for the inclusion of hope and the strategies by which hope is created and maintained. Booth's rhetorical approach recognizes that a narrative is a relational act. At issue in this study is the consideration of what follows from viewing a narrative as a dynamic exchange between text, author and reader. Through a focus on rhetoric as identification, the responsibilities of both the author and the reader to a text are identified and discussed. Three young adult novels, A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle, The Giver by Lois Lowry and Feed by M.T. Anderson will be analyzed as case studies. Together the analysis of these novels reveals that storytelling is an act of forging identifications and forming alliances. The reader becomes more than just a spectator of the author's rhetoric; the reader is a fully involved member of the interpretive and evaluative process.

World building is a key component to many young adult novels, but what is world building and what are some different styles and techniques that authors use when constructing fictional universes? In this thesis, Falling Down the Rabbit Hole: World Building Techniques in YA Literature, I will examine Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1865), The Princess Bride by William Goldman (1973), and my own unpublished novel, The Sun Kingdom, to compare different techniques and styles of world building. These works will be explored through the aspect of world building, focusing specifically on the importance of the geography, language, and traditions and culture that were created for their respective worlds, how these elements were created, and what effect this has on the story.