Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Joao Luiz Dornelles Bastos.pdf: 2369057 bytes, checksum: 15fcbfb47d68f429ed083d085f2fc9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-05 / OBJETIVO: Compreender experiências de discriminação vividas por jovens universitários e analisar sua aplicação à construção de escala brasileira de discriminação. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado com cinco grupos focais com 43 universitários do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2008. Foram selecionados estudantes de cursos com distintas relações candidato/vaga, de ambos os sexos e autoclassifi cados nas categorias de cor/raça branca, parda e preta de duas instituições de ensino público superior. Foi utilizado o roteiro que abrangia os termos preconceito e discriminação e questionava os participantes acerca de suas experiências discriminatórias. Adotou-se o método de interpretação de sentidos, buscando-se apreender o contexto, as razões e as lógicas das falas dos sujeitos. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: O preconceito foi interpretado como algo pertencente ao campo das idéias e possivelmente equivocado, podendo ser tanto positivo quanto negativo. A discriminação foi atribuída ao plano dos comportamentos observáveis e com conotação invariavelmente negativa. A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório foi infl uenciada por fatores subjetivos, tais como os interesses particulares e o grau de afetividade estabelecido entre os indivíduos. Porém, os limites entre o que foi interpretado como discriminatório ou não dependeu fortemente do contexto específi co em que ocorreu a interação entre os sujeitos. Diferentes cenários e, eventualmente, mais do que uma motivação foram simultaneamente apontados nas experiências discriminatórias. Os participantes se reconheceram tanto como vítimas quanto perpetradores de discriminação. CONCLUSÕES: A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório é complexa e as experiências de discriminação são difi cilmente generalizáveis. Quando evidentes, os motivos pelos quais os sujeitos supõem que foram discriminados podem ser múltiplos e estar associados. Tais aspectos devem ser considerados na construção de escalas de discriminação. / OBJETIVO: Compreender experiências de discriminação vividas por jovens universitários e analisar sua aplicação à construção de escala brasileira de discriminação. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado com cinco grupos focais com 43 universitários do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2008. Foram selecionados estudantes de cursos com distintas relações candidato/vaga, de ambos os sexos e autoclassifi cados nas categorias de cor/raça branca, parda e preta de duas instituições de ensino público superior. Foi utilizado o roteiro que abrangia os termos preconceito e discriminação e questionava os participantes acerca de suas experiências discriminatórias. Adotou-se o método de interpretação de sentidos, buscando-se apreender o contexto, as razões e as lógicas das falas dos sujeitos. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: O preconceito foi interpretado como algo pertencente ao campo das idéias e possivelmente equivocado, podendo ser tanto positivo quanto negativo. A discriminação foi atribuída ao plano dos comportamentos observáveis e com conotação invariavelmente negativa. A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório foi infl uenciada por fatores subjetivos, tais como os interesses particulares e o grau de afetividade estabelecido entre os indivíduos. Porém, os limites entre o que foi interpretado como discriminatório ou não dependeu fortemente do contexto específi co em que ocorreu a interação entre os sujeitos. Diferentes cenários e, eventualmente, mais do que uma motivação foram simultaneamente apontados nas experiências discriminatórias. Os participantes se reconheceram tanto como vítimas quanto perpetradores de discriminação. CONCLUSÕES: A interpretação de um evento como discriminatório é complexa e as experiências de discriminação são difi cilmente generalizáveis. Quando evidentes, os motivos pelos quais os sujeitos supõem que foram discriminados podem ser múltiplos e estar associados. Tais aspectos devem ser considerados na construção de escalas de discriminação.

Abstract This study increases the understanding of young men’s everyday health information literacy and behaviour in relation to their health behaviour, physical health, and socio-demographic characteristics. The conceptual framework of the study builds upon theories of information behaviour, practices and literacy, and health behaviour change. The empirical data were collected with questionnaires (n = 3,293) and physiological measurements (n = 3,063) in 2010 to 2013 at the Finnish Defence Forces’ call-ups, where a population-based sample of young Finnish men could be reached. Everyday health information literacy was studied using a previously developed screening tool, and with a focus on its relationship with health behaviour and physical fitness. Information behaviour was investigated in the context of physical activity, and in relation to men’s readiness to change exercise behaviour according to the Transtheoretical Model. Statistical analyses of the data include multivariate regression analyses, and a critical realist approach was adopted in interpreting the results. The results show that general upper secondary education and higher socio-economic position of a parent increase the likelihood of good health information literacy. Health information literacy is positively associated with health-promoting behaviour and health independent of socio-economic position; confidence in one’s abilities to find, evaluate and use health information is associated with regular exercise and healthy eating habits, and good physical fitness, for example. In the context of physical activity, the practices used to acquire information are associated with the stage of exercise behaviour change. Men in the maintenance stage seek information most actively. Information avoidance, in turn, is connected to low health information literacy, not to the stage of change. The study provides novel knowledge on healthy young people’s everyday health information literacy and behaviour, and on their relationship. It is among the first to investigate health information behaviour in the stages of behaviour change and health information literacy in connection with objectively measured fitness. It proposes a framework for future studies on the relationship between health information literacy and behaviour, and health information outcomes. The results may be utilised when designing tailored health communications and health information literacy education. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus lisää ymmärrystä siitä, millainen yhteys nuorten miesten arkielämän terveystiedon lukutaidolla ja terveystietokäyttäytymisellä on terveyskäyttäytymiseen, fyysiseen terveyteen ja sosiodemografisiin tekijöihin. Sen käsitteellinen viitekehys rakentuu tietokäyttäytymisen ja -käytäntöjen, terveystiedon lukutaidon sekä terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksen teorioille. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin kyselyillä (n = 3 293) ja fysiologisilla mittauksilla (n = 3 063) vuosina 2010–2013 Puolustusvoimien Oulun alueen kutsuntatilaisuuksissa, joissa oli mahdollista saavuttaa suomalaisten nuorten miesten väestöpohjainen otos. Terveystiedon lukutaitoa arvioitiin aiemmin kehitetyllä seulontavälineellä sekä suhteessa terveyskäyttäytymiseen ja fyysiseen kuntoon. Terveystietokäyttäytymistä tarkasteltiin liikunnan kontekstissa ja suhteessa transteoreettisen mallin mukaiseen liikuntakäyttäytymisen muutosvalmiuteen. Aineistot analysoitiin tilastollisesti monimuuttujamenetelmin, ja tuloksia tulkittiin kriittisen realismin näkökulmasta. Tulokset osoittavat, että lukiokoulutus ja korkeassa sosioekonomisessa asemassa oleva vanhempi lisäävät hyvän arkielämän terveystiedon lukutaidon todennäköisyyttä. Terveystiedon lukutaito on positiivisesti yhteydessä terveyttä edistäviin elintapoihin ja terveyteen sosioekonomisesta asemasta riippumatta. Luottamus omiin kykyihin löytää, arvioida ja ymmärtää terveystietoa on yhteydessä muun muassa säännölliseen liikuntaan ja terveellisiin syömistottumuksiin sekä hyvään fyysiseen kuntoon. Liikunnan kontekstissa terveystietokäytännöt kytkeytyvät käyttäytymisen muutosvaiheeseen. Aktiivisimmin liikuntatietoa hankkivat liikuntakäyttäytymisen ylläpitovaiheessa olevat. Tiedon välttäminen sen sijaan on yhteydessä alhaiseen terveystiedon lukutaitoon, ei muutosvaiheeseen. Tutkimus tuottaa uutta tietoa nuorten, terveiden ihmisten arkielämän terveystiedon lukutaidosta ja terveystietokäyttäytymisestä sekä niiden suhteesta toisiinsa. Uutta on myös terveystietokäytäntöjen tutkiminen terveyskäyttäytymisen muutosvaiheissa ja terveystiedon lukutaidon tarkastelu suhteessa objektiivisesti mitattuun fyysiseen kuntoon. Tutkimuksessa esitetään viitekehys tuleville tutkimuksille terveystiedon lukutaidon ja tietokäytäntöjen vaikutuksesta terveyteen. Tulokset ovat hyödynnettävissä räätälöidyn terveysviestinnän ja terveystiedon lukutaidon koulutuksen suunnittelussa.

This dissertation follows the development of the mentor figure from Frances Burney’s Evelina published in 1778 to Maria Edgeworth’s Belinda in 1801. The mentor becomes a key figure for exploring women’s revolutionary ideas on female education and women’s roles in society. My dissertation contributes to discussions on mentoring, development of the Gothic mode, and debates over sensibility and sentimental fiction. It considers how the female mentee paradoxically both desires and criticizes her male mentor and his authority. Each author under discussion employed the mentor figure in a way that addressed their contemporary society’s issues and prejudices toward the treatment of women and the power of sensibility. Much of this treatment was traced to a conversation of reforming female education from an accomplishment-based pedagogy to a moral, intellectual-based instruction that was more masculine in nature (emphasizing a balance between sensibility and reason). Frequently, the mentor provides general comments and recommendations about love to his female pupil, who is entering into the marriage market, but his advice often turns out to be wrong or misplaced since it does not fit the actual situation. He is a good spiritual guide but a poor romantic advisor. I assert that the mentor figure’s usual lack of romantic sentiment and his pupil’s ability to surpass him in matters of the heart reveal a tendency to subvert male authority. Throughout this discussion, questions related to gender arise. Women’s desire for their own agency and control over both their minds and bodies underpin much of women’s eighteenth-century fiction. My dissertation explores these complex relationships between male mentors and their female pupils.

Antalet HIV-positiva personer i världen ökar och sjuksköterskor behöver därför ha adekvat kunskap kring hur det är att leva med humant immunbristvirus (HIV). Att leva med HIV som ungdom och ung vuxen kan upplevas vara extra svårt då dessa individer befinner sig i en känslig övergångsålder. Syftet till denna litteraturstudie var därför att belysa ungdomars och unga vuxnas upplevelser av att leva med humant immunbristvirus (HIV). Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie där en innehållsanalys användes för att få fram resultatet. Totalt identifierades tio olika kategorier vilka resulterade i fyra teman: När livet stannar upp, Jag i relation till andra, Sjukvårdsrelaterade faktorer och När livet går vidare. Att leva med HIV som ungdom och ung vuxen upplevdes vara svårt och påverkades av stigmatisering i samhället. Hemlighetshållande av diagnosen kunde påverka den sexuella hälsan och läkemedelsföljsamheten. Relationerna till sjukvårdspersonalen upplevdes vara betydelsefulla vilket tillsammans med stödgrupper kunde bidra till ett ökat självförtroende och acceptans kring sjukdomen. Rätt kunskap om HIV och ett holistiskt synsätt är vitalt för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge en personcentrerad omvårdnad till dessa ungdomar. Mer forskning kring upplevelsen av att leva med HIV behövs. / The number of HIV-positive individuals in the world is increasing and nurses therefore need adequate knowledge about living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Living with HIV as a youth and young adult can be hard since these individuals are in a sensitive transition age. The purpose of this literature study was to highlight the experiences of living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a youth and young adult. This study is a general literature study where a content analysis was used to reach the results. Ten different categories were identified which resulted in four themes: When life stops, I in relations to others, Health-care related factors and When life goes on. Living with HIV as a youth was found to be difficult and was affected by stigmatization in society. Trying to keep the diagnosis a secret could affect sexual health and drug adherence. Relationships with healthcare professionals were found to be significant, which together with support groups could contribute to increased self-confidence and acceptance about the disease. It’s vital for nurses to have correct knowledge about HIV and a holistic approach to be able to provide a person-centred care. More research on the experience of living with HIV is needed.

Abstract Earlier studies on lumbar degenerative imaging findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been done mainly in adult populations and the associations of degenerative findings with low back pain (LBP) are controversial. Only a few studies have involved adolescents and young adults. Heritability has been acknowledged as the only explicit risk factor of disc degeneration (DD). This study investigated the prevalence and environmental determinant of lumbar degenerative findings in MRI and their association with low back symptoms among young adults. The data were based on two physical assessments, three questionnaires and one lumbar MRI that were executed on members of the Oulu Back Study (n=558), a subsample of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, between 16 and 21 years of age. Prevalences of lumbar DD (54%), bulging (25%), protrusion (18%) and Schmorl’s node (17%) were high, whereas other degenerative findings were rare among young adults. Males had higher prevalence of DD and Schmorl’s nodes than females. DD and herniations were associated with low back symptoms. On the other hand, symptoms were present among subjects without DD or other abnormal findings on MRI. Of the environmental determinants, high body mass index and MRI-based obesity measurements of visceral adiposity were associated with lumbar DD among males. Waist circumference and smoking showed a comparable association with DD among males, but the level of physical activity was not associated with DD in either gender. Low back symptoms are more common among young adults with a higher degree of DD or presence of disc herniation. Smoking and overweight are associated with lumbar DD among young male adults. / Tiivistelmä Aikaisempia tutkimuksia magneettikuvantamisella (MK) todetuista lannerangan rappeumamuutoksista ja niiden yhteyksistä alaselkäkipuun on tehty lähinnä aikuisväestöllä ja tulokset ovat ristiriitaisia. Vain muutamia tutkimuksia on tehty alle 25-vuotiailla. Välilevyrappeuman mahdollisista riskitekijöistä vain perimästä on vahvaa näyttöä. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin MK:lla todettujen lannerangan rappeumamuutosten esiintyvyyttä, niihin vaikuttavia ympäristötekijöitä ja yhteyttä alaselkäoireisiin nuorilla aikuisilla. Tutkimuksen aineisto perustui kahteen kliiniseen tutkimukseen, kolmeen kyselyyn ja yhteen MK:een, jotka toteutettiin Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986:een kuuluville Oulun selkätutkimuksen koehenkilöille (n=558) 16-21 vuoden iässä. Lannerangan välilevyrappeumalla (54 %), välilevyn pullotuksilla (bulge; 25 %), sellaisilla välilevyn pullistumilla jotka eivät läpäisseet selkärangan takimmaista pitkittäissidettä (protruusio; 18 %) sekä päätelevyn läpi suuntautuvilla välilevyn pullistumilla (Schmorlin keräset; 17 %) oli korkea esiintyvyys nuorilla aikuisilla, kun taas muut kuvantamislöydökset olivat harvinaisia. Välilevyrappeuma ja Schmorlin keräset olivat yleisempiä miehillä. Sekä välilevyrappeuma että pullistumat olivat yhteydessä alaselkäoireisiin molemmilla sukupuolilla, mutta kaikilla oireisilla ei todettu poikkeavia löydöksiä MK:ssa. Ympäristötekijöistä korkea kehon painoindeksi ja MK:sta mitatut rasvan määrää mittaavat muuttujat olivat miehillä yhteydessä välilevyrappeumaan. Miehillä vyötärönympärys ja tupakointi olivat heikommin yhteydessä välilevyrappeumaan, kun taas liikunta-aktiivisuus ei ollut kummallakaan sukupuolella yhteydessä rappeumaan. Alaselkäoireet ovat yleisempiä nuorilla aikuisilla, joilla on vaikea-asteisempi välilevyrappeuma tai välilevyn pullistuma. Tupakointi ja ylipaino ovat yhteydessä lannerangan välilevyrappeumaan nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä.

The purpose of the study was to create an increased knowledge and understanding of young adults’ experiences from growing up as a child in a family with alcohol abuse, as well as studying long-term consequences of this. In the study five qualitative interviews were conducted, with young adults who grew up with a parent who abused alcohol. The results of the study were analyzed by Bronfenbrenner's developmental ecological model, as well as by the theoretical concepts risk, protective factors and resilience. Results and conclusions showed, that all informants experienced negative consequences during childhood and in adult life, due to the parent’s abuse. The families of the informants were characterized by an abnormal use of alcohol during their childhood, which led to a high level of conflict, lack of relationships, a major responsibility at home for the informants, negative health effects and school difficulties. The young adults stated, that they are living a good life today, but that childhood has made its mark in their minds. The informants narrated experienced health problems, difficulties with feeling trust and expressing how they feel as well as a lack of relation to the parent with addiction. / Studiens syfte var att skapa en ökad kunskap och förståelse för unga vuxnas erfarenheter att som barn växa upp i en familj med alkoholmissbruk, samt att studera långtidskonsekvenser av detta. I studien genomfördes fem kvalitativa intervjuer med unga vuxna, som vuxit upp med en förälder som missbrukat alkohol. Studiens resultat analyserades genom Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska modell samt begreppen risk- och skyddsfaktorer och resiliens. Resultat och slutsatser visade att samtliga informanter upplevt negativa konsekvenser under barndomen och i det vuxna livet, till följd av förälderns missbruk. Informanternas familjer karaktäriserades under uppväxten av ett onormalt bruk av alkohol, vilket medförde en hög konfliktnivå, bristande relationer, ett stort ansvarstagande hemma för informanterna, negativa hälsoeffekter och skolsvårigheter. De unga vuxna uppgav att de idag lever ett bra liv, men att barndomen har satt sina spår. Informanterna berättade om upplevda hälsoproblem, svårigheter med tillit och att uttrycka känslor samt en bristande relation till föräldern med missbruk.

This essay gives examples of possible ways to inspire young adults to become politically more aware and active using dystopian fiction in the EFL classroom. First, an overview of the dystopian genre and different ways of using it in the EFL classroom to improve critical thinking skills will be given. Subsequently, different scenes from The Hunger Games will be analyzed to show how young adults can be inspired to be more aware of social and environmental justice and to act. Finally, it is discussed why literary material in a classroom must relate to a student’s personal life and why the relevance must be explained to a student to raise their interest. As a conclusion, it is claimed that it cannot be expected that all students care for the world, but showing them why they should and how they could do it is a first step.

Accusations and persecution of witchcraft have been embedded in global culture for centuries. For as long as these persecutions have occurred, women have found themselves accused most frequently. Older women with herbal knowledge were often called on to assist with childbirth or termination of pregnancies and this “secret knowledge” often led them to be suspected of supernatural abilities, often of a satanic nature. Intrigued by these wise women who appeared to have mysterious powers and a penchant for arousing the ire of men in the legal, medical, and religious communities, I began to notice their frequent appearance in novels. Does the presence of actual or perceived magic serve to improve the women’s status in their community? I reviewed several examples of YA literature, two picture books, and four Toni Morrison novels to determine if magic, conjuring, and witchcraft were more powerful threats than sexism and racism.

The focus of this thesis is my translation of Le livre qui t'explique enfin tout sur les parents by Françoize Boucher from French into English. Chapter one begins with a brief history and definition of children’s literature, as well as children’s literature in translation. I discuss the subgenre of informational picturebooks—its objectives, characteristics, and current trends. What follows is a short biographic and bibliographic sketch of Françoize Boucher. Then, I discuss the content, format, style, and illustrations of Le livre qui t'explique as well as examine the work’s audience, aims, and values. Finally, I discuss my English translation of the work—providing an overview of the translation strategies and methodologies that I used. Chapter two focuses on specific challenges encountered during the translation process. The chapter begins with the challenge of translating culturally significant topics such as French cultural references, brands, slang, and metric measurements. Then, I discuss the translation of linguistically bound terms such as wordplay, the use of English in a French text, and onomatopoeia. Finally, I discuss the translation of taboo subjects. Chapter three is my complete English-language translation: The Book That Finally Explains About Your Parents.

Bakgrund Cystisk fibros är en multisystemsjukdom som främst påverkar lungor, bukspottkörtel och tarm. Sjukdomen påverkar 70 000 till 100 000 personer globalt i världen. Syfte Syftet var att belysa hälsoproblem hos personer med cystisk fibros. Metod Icke systematisk litteraturöversikt med integrerad analys där litteratursökning tillämpas utifrån databasen PubMed. Artiklarna som inkluderades är publicerade mellan 2011 och 2021. Resultat Baserat på dataanalysen av de 16 inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklarna identifierades fyra teman: fysiska, psykiska, sociala och existentiella hälsoproblem med att leva och överleva med diagnosen cystisk fibros. Slutsats Slutsatsen av denna studie visar att cystisk fibros är en sjukdom som har stor inverkan på både kropp och psyke. Patienter har ett livslångt behov av vård och mer forskning behövs på området för att ytterligare bredda kunskapen om sjukdomen. / Background Cystic fibrosis is a multisystem disease which primarily affects lungs, pancreas and the gut. The disease affects 70,000 to 100,000 globally. Aim The aim of this study was to illustrate the health complications present in patients with cystic fibrosis. Method Non-systematic literature review with integrated analysis where literature search is applied based on the databases PubMed. The articles included in this review are published between 2011 and 2021. Results Four themes were identified based on the analysis of 16 scientific articles: physical, mental, social and existential health problems of living and surviving with the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Conclusions The conclusion of this study shows that cystic fibrosis is a disease that has a major impact on both physical and mental health. Patients have a lifelong need for care and more research is needed about the subject to further broaden the knowledge of the disease.