The diplomatic and political deadlock in what has come to be known as the Palestine/Israel conflict, has led to the re-emergence of an anti-partition discourse that draws its arguments from the reality on the ground and/or from anti-Zionism. Why such a re-emergence? Actually, anti-partitionism as an antagonism depends on its corollary, partitionism, and as such, they have existed for the same period of time. Furthermore, the debate between antipartitionists and pro-partitionists – nowadays often referred to as a debate between the one-state and the two-state solution – is not peculiar to the period around 2000. It echoes the situation in the late 1910s when the British were settling in Palestine and authorising the Zionist settler colonial movement to build a Jewish homeland thus introducing the seeds of partition and arousing expressions of anti-partitionism. This dissertation aims to articulate a political history of the antipartitionist perspectives against the backdrop of an increasing acceptance of Palestine's partition as a solution. This account runs from 1915 and the first partition – that of the Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire – to 1988 and the Palestinian recognition of the principle of partition. Thus, I argue that the antipartitionist perspectives have persisted throughout history. Such a historical perspective enabled me to consider the acceptance of partition as the result of a shift from a “national and territorial liberation” strategy to the search for “sovereignty and national independence”, a shift that was operated in the Palestinian national movement as well as in the Zionist movement, and which made statehood the main objective. In this regard, the Palestinian acceptance of the principle of partition and of a two-state solution may be regarded as a legitimation of the Israeli colonial settler state.

This dissertation focuses on the 'theo-political' core of US Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism. The political militancy characterizing two Millenarian/Messianic movements such as Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism constitutes a still under-researched and under-theorized aspect that, at present, is paramount to address for its immediate and long terms implications in the highly sensitive and volatile Israeli-Palestinian issue, in the US and Israeli domestic domain, and in the wider international community. Although processes of the 'sacralisation of politics' and 'politicisation of religions' have already manifested themselves in countless forms over past centuries, Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism are unprecedented phenomena given their unique hybridized nature, political prominence and outreach, mobilizing appeal amongst believers, organizational-communicational skills and degree of institutionalization.

The following dissertation studies the idea and mythologization of the "Hebrew Sea" in the writings and political activity of Vladimir (Ze'ev) Jabotinsky. Jabotinsky (1880-1940), the leader of the Zionist Revisionist movement, developed the concept of the "Hebrew Sea" as an ideal that was used in various fields of his Zionist activity. Within inter-Zionist politics it was utilized as a means of competing with the dominant ideological faction, labor Zionism, over contribution to the national revival and Zionist youth, and its greatest achievement was the establishment of the Civitavecchia Naval Academy in Italy. On the international-diplomatic level the "Hebrew Sea" was used in order to advance closer political relations between Revisionism and Italy - an endeavor Jabotinsky was interested in from an early stage of his Zionist career. The "Hebrew Sea" also played an important role in the development of Jabotinsky's unique ideal of national identity, which sought to depict the Jewish people as a Mediterranean, and not a desert or Middle Eastern people. This vision drew from contemporary theories about Hebrew identity, which associated the Hebrews with the Phoenician empire and not necessarily with Jewish monotheism. Finally, economically this ideal supported the socioeconomic vision of Revisionism,...

This dissertation focuses on the ‘theo-political’ core of US Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism. The political militancy characterizing two Millenarian/Messianic movements such as Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism constitutes a still under-researched and under-theorized aspect that, at present, is paramount to address for its immediate and long terms implications in the highly sensitive and volatile Israeli-Palestinian issue, in the US and Israeli domestic domain, and in the wider international community. Although processes of the ‘sacralisation of politics’ and ‘politicisation of religions’ have already manifested themselves in countless forms over past centuries, Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism are unprecedented phenomena given their unique hybridized nature, political prominence and outreach, mobilizing appeal amongst believers, organizationalcommunicational skills and degree of institutionalization. / Consortium for Peace Studies at Calgary University

Jerusalem is the declared capital of Israel, fundamental to Jewish tradition, and a contested city, part of the Israel–Palestine conflict. Departing from an analysis of mainly interviews and policy documents, this study aims to analyze the interplay between the Israeli identity politics of Jerusalem and city planning. The role of the city is related to discursive struggles between traditional, new, and post-Zionism. One conclusion is that the Israeli claim to the city is firmly anchored in a master commemorative narrative stating that Jerusalem is the eternal and indivisible capital of Israel. A second conclusion is that there is a constant interplay between Israeli identity politics, city policy, and planning practice, through specific strategies of territoriality. The goals of the strategies are to create a political, historical and religious, ethnic, economic, and exclusive capital. Planning policies are mainly focused on uniting the city through housing projects in East Jerusalem, rehabilitating historic heritage, ancestry, and landscapes, city center renewal, demographic balance, and economic growth, mainly through tourism and industrial development. An analysis of coping strategies shows that Jerusalem planners relate to identity politics by adopting a self-image of being professional, and by blaming the planning system for opening up to ideational impact. Depending on the issue, a planner adopts a reactive role as a bureaucrat or an expert, or an active role, such mobilizer or an advocate. One conclusion drawn from the “Safdie Plan” process is that traditional Zionism and the dominant collective planning doctrine are being challenged. An alliance of environmental movements, politicians from left and right, and citizens, mobilized a campaign against the plan that was intended to develop the western outskirts of Jerusalem. The rejection of the plan challenged the established political leadership, it opened up for an expansion to the east, and strengthened Green Zionism, but the result is also a challenge to the housing needs of Jerusalem. / Författaren tillhör även "Forskarskolan Urbana och Regionala Studier – Städer och regioner i förändring"

The Kindertransport brought close to 10,000 unaccompanied minors to Britain on a trans-migrant basis between 1938 and 1939. The outbreak of war turned this short-term initiative into a longer-term episode. This PhD is a study of Scotland’s Kindertransport story and an evaluation of the Kindertransportees’ experiences of reception, care and nurture between 1938 and 1945. It also considers the wider implications of the Kindertransport upon the Kindertransportees’ broader life stories after 1945, namely further migration and resettlement. This thesis will unite a number of disparate areas of research, including British philanthropy and welfare, Anglo/Scottish Jewry, Zionism and migrant/refugee studies. It will be shown that Scotland’s reception of the Kindertransportees was highly varied and marked by many different agendas. These were fundamentally responsive to British interests. Growing up in Scotland exposed the Kindertransportees to a variety of different types of care. These were strongly tied to their Scottish context and mirror experiences of the Scottish child in care. Kindertransportees’ nurture invited important changes in their connection to Judaism. Nonetheless, an epitaph to a lost Jewish generation is inappropriate. Zionism emerges as an important Jewish connection. Nevertheless, Kindertransportees did not en-masse adopt Zionist goals or make Aliyah. Yet, at the same time, they did not usually remain in Scotland. Resettlement patterns show that there was a mass exodus of Kindertransportees across the Scottish borders. However, these Kindertransportees still exhibit a connection to Scotland as well as to Scottish communities in the diaspora. They express a profound fondness to all things imagined to be Scottish.

In my thesis I deal with a history of Jewish community in the town of Pilsen from 1853 till 1918. I am concerned with political, social and mainly economic and national changes in this period. I try to describe the relationship between Czechs and Jews in the town. My information had been obtained from the available literature, archival sources and period local press.

Yakov Shabtai (1934-1981), escreveu Passado Contínuo A lembrança das coisas, seu primeiro romance, quase trinta anos após a fundação de Israel, que saía de sua terceira guerra em 30 anos de existência. O romance expõe a vida de três homens, suas relações amorosas e familiares, seus projetos e frustrações, relacionando inúmeras outras personagens que afluem e somem ao longo do enredo. Seu cenário e também personagem é Tel Aviv, o qual será analisado sob o viés de Walter Benjamin em suas críticas ao processo de modernização de Paris como capital do século XIX. A hipótese de trabalho é que a mudança no contexto histórico, o póssionismo, entendido como outra elaboração para a história nacional de Israel, exigiu do escritor competente a articulação entre modos de contar mais complexos e questionadores, como uma meta-narrativa a qual influencia a criação de novas técnicas de escrita ficcional para a representação da cidade histórica ficcionalizada. / Yaakov Shabtai (1934-1981), wrote Past Continuous, his first novel, almost thirty years after the foundationof Israel, out of third war in 30 years of its rise. The novel exposes the lives of three men, their relationships and families, their projects and frustrations, showing numerous other characters who flock and disappear over the storyline. His scenario, and also a character, is Tel-Aviv, which will be analyzed under the bias of Walter Benjamin in his criticism on the modernization of Paris as the capital of the nineteenth century. The hypothesis is that the changes in the historical context, post-Zionism, understood as another narrative to the national history of Israel, required the coordination between the competent writer in order to tellmore complex ways and questioning, as a meta-narrative which influences the creation of new techniques of writing so as to represent the city\'s historical into the fictionalized way.

Este trabalho se propõe a estudar Janusz Korczak e sua relação com o judaísmo e o sionismo. Korczak foi um judeu-polonês, nascido em Varsóvia em 1878, e pertencia a uma família de eruditos bastante assimilada, sentindo-se um verdadeiro polonês. Foi médico, educador, jornalista, escritor e criador de dois orfanatos baseados nos princípios democráticos de educação: um judaico, Don Sierot (1912-1942); e outro cristão, Nasz Dom (1919-1936). A análise de correspondências, relatos de viagem, entrevistas, entre outros documentos associados à relação de Korczak com o judaísmo, o sionismo e a Terra de Israel, permitiu conhecer a visão de Korczak sobre a questão judaica em uma Polônia antissemita dos séculos XIX e XX. No tocante aos relatos de viagem, foram analisados documentos referentes às duas viagens do autor à Terra de Israel, incluindo impressões pessoais referentes tanto aos benefícios dessa Terra, como às dificuldades de adaptação à terra dos ancestrais e o abandono da terra natal. Korczak pretendia emigrar para a Palestina, porém foi vítima da Shoá e juntamente com as duzentas crianças judias e os educadores do orfanato, foi levado do Gueto de Varsóvia para o trem que os levaria a Treblinka. / The present work intends to study Janus Korczak and his relation with judaism and sionism. Korczak was a polish jew, borned in Warsaw, in 1878, who belonged to a family of assimilated scholars and felt trully polish. He was a phisician, an educator, a journalist, a writer and founder of two orphanages, that followed the democratic principles of education: one of them jewish, Don Sierot (1912-1942) ) and the other one christian, Nasz Dom (1919-1936). The analysis of correspondences, interviews, and other documents related to judaism, sionism and the land of Israel, allowed us to aknowledge Korczaks vision of the jewish question in an antisemitic Poland of the 19th and 20th centuries. The documents analised referred mainly to the two trips that Korczak made to the land of Israel, and included his personal impressions of the benefits of the Land, as well as the difficulties of adaptation to this ancestral ground, and of leaving the homeland for good. Altough Korczak intended to emigrate to Palestine, he was not able to do it, because as a victim of the Shoah, he was sent, with the 200 jewish children and the teachers of his orphanage, from the Guetto of Warsaw to the train hat would lead them to Treblinka.

A história antiga das peregrinações de cristãos ao que chamam Terra Santa, espaço geográfico que hoje compreende o Estado de Israel e o Estado da Palestina é milenar e sempre ocorreu com a motivação religiosa permeando-a em maior ou menor grau. Com o desenvolvimento do Turismo de massa na modernidade, tendo estabelecido roteiros e pacotes de viagem rígidos devido às exigências econômicas, a prática da peregrinação ganhou novos contornos e chamou a atenção de novos agentes. O Turismo para Israel e, indiretamente, para a Palestina chega hoje a números recordes de turistas vindos de todo o mundo, gerando uma significativa receita para os primeiros de US$ 5,744 bi, com o record de 3,6 milhões de turistas vindos de todo o mundo e é visto pelo Estado como um importante campo para a criação de apoiadores ou embaixadores que podem reproduzir uma narrativa em favor dos seus interesses políticos. Do lado palestino, embora com menor organização e presença midiática, nem por isso deixam de auferir resultados positivos com essa atividade. A partir desse quadro e da Teoria dos Campos, de P. Bourdieu, a pesquisa investiga a extensão do campo desse Turismo entre os evangélicos brasileiros, considerando os campos político e religioso em tensão. Passamos por teorias recentes e atualizadas sobre o Turismo no Brasil e no mundo, aplicando-as ao quadro de referência. Com recorte cronológico a partir do ano 2000, em função do incremento do turismo, com recorte metodológico para caravanas realizadas entre 2011 e 2013 e 2017, a pesquisa foca um grupo de dez turistas que foram acompanhamos por um ano. Entre 2011 e 2013 fizemos nossa primeira viagem aos territórios de Israel e Palestina, seguida de outra em 2012 e a terceira no ano em que iniciei a pesquisa de Mestrado, em 2013. Partindo de fontes bibliográficas inéditas no Brasil, reconstrói-se globalmente a história das peregrinações para a região nos últimos 2000 anos e, mais detalhadamente, a história dessas peregrinações e o início do Turismo comercial no Brasil. A pesquisa resgata, por meio de documentos e entrevistas, a história dos brasileiros que viajaram para Israel-Palestina, desde 1853. Elaboramos uma apresentação das dinâmicas das caravanas no período da profissionalização da atividade, apontando o papel de cada agente envolvido na mesma. A conclusão posiciona os achados no cenário mais amplo da História e considera a relação conturbada entre Turismo e política de Israel e Brasil em anos recentes. Em confronto com os resultados alcançados, nem todas as hipóteses levantadas se verificam, indicando a necessidade de uma revisão na Teoria dos Campos. / The ancient history of pilgrimages of Christians to where they call the Holy Land, today a geographical space that comprises the State of Israel and the State of Palestine is millenarian and has always occurred with religious motivation permeating it to a greater or lesser degree. As the development of modernity Mass tourism has established itineraries and travel packages rigid due to economic requirements, the pilgrimage practice gained new contours and attracted the attention of new agents. Nowadays tourism in Israel and, indirectly, in Palestine reaches record numbers of tourists coming from all over the world, generating a significant revenue for the first of US $ 5.744 billion, with a record of 3.6 million tourists from all over the world and it is seen by the state as an important field for the creation of supporters or \"ambassadors\" who can reproduce a narrative in favor of their political interests. Although with less organization and media presence, they nevertheless fail to obtain positive results with this activity on the Palestinian side. From this painting and the Theory of Fields, by P. Bourdieu, the research investigates the extension of the field of this Tourism among Brazilian evangelicals, considering the political and religious fields in tension. We have passed through recent and up-to-date theories on Tourism in Brazil and in the world, applying them to the frame of reference. With a chronological cut from the year 2000, due to the increase in tourism, with a methodological cut for caravans between 2011 and 2013 and 2017, the survey focuses on a group of ten tourists who have been accompanying us for a year. Between 2011 and 2013 we made our first trip to the territories of Israel and Palestine, followed by another in 2012 and the third in the year in which I started the Master\'s research in 2013. Starting from unpublished bibliographical sources in Brazil, history is reconstructed globally of the pilgrimages to the region in the last 2000 years and, in more detail, the history of these pilgrimages and the beginning of commercial tourism in Brazil. The research rescues, through documents and interviews, the history of the Brazilians who have traveled to Israel-Palestine since 1853. We have elaborated a presentation of the dynamics of the caravans during the period of professionalization of the activity, pointing out the role of each agent involved in it. The conclusion positions the findings in the broader scenario of history and considers the troubled relationship between tourism and politics of Israel and Brazil in recent years. In contrast to the results achieved, not all the hypotheses have been raised, it has indicated the need for a review in the Field Theory.