A tese investiga a aprendizagem tecnológica do arquiteto, considerando que este seja um tema relevante frente ao quadro de desprestígio vivenciado pela profissão, contemporaneamente, e dada a perspectiva de uma solicitação candente pela contribuição técnica da categoria, em função das críticas demandas por ambientes construídos e modificados, na atualidade e para o futuro. Realizam-se análises históricas que demonstram a existência de relações intrínsecas entre o ideário sobre a profissão e o padrão de formação, as quais definiram, e ainda mantêm, uma desvalorização da formação tecnológica frente à formação teórica e projetual. São desenvolvidas considerações sobre as formulações tradicionais do currículo tecnológico em Arquitetura e Urbanismo e, a partir, principalmente, de experiências didáticas realizadas e da exploração de referências da prática profissional exemplar, são propostos conceitos norteadores para práticas didáticas voltadas à inovação curricular na formação tecnológica do arquiteto. RESUMO / The thesis explores the technological learning in architecture considering this is a relevant subject to be discussed face to the lack of prestige of this profession suffers presently, and also aiming to deal with the perspective of effective demands for architecture contribution, now and in the future, due to the critical needs of built and open environments for human life. Historical analysis are developed demonstrating the existence of deep relations between the idealization of the profession and the education standards in architecture, which have defined and kept alive a lack of value of the technological education compared to the theoretical and design education. Some comments about the traditional improvement of the technological curriculum in architecture are explored, and mainly based on practical educational experiences and also on references of best professional practices; some concepts and practices related to curriculum innovation on the technological education of the architect are proposed.

A globalização dos mercados trouxe, para o cenário brasileiro, impactos políticos, socioecônomicos e culturais enfatizando a figura de um homem, denominado cidadão do mundo. Devido às próprias limitações humanas, em um mundo em que as mudanças são constantes, esse cidadão tem como característica ser um eterno aprendiz. A universidade, locus de produção de identidade do país e cuja função social é formar indivíduos neste novo contexto global, se encontra em um dilema existencial: pesquisa e ensino; a superação dessa dicotomia poderá derivar de novas relações humanas na formação do sujeito-coletivo que constrói sua identidade através das possibilidades de diversidades do mundo que o circunda. Estando na aprendizagem, para a aquisição de conhecimentos ou o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes pelas experiências educativas, o papel do docente como mediador em organizar estratégias (métodos e técnicas de ensino) para que o discente conheça e crie a cultura. O objetivo desta pesquisa é mapear a tipologia e freqüência de métodos de ensino em disciplinas de formação profissionalizante em engenharia de produção. Identificar, através de um estudo teórico e revisão bibliográfica, os tipos e métodos mais utilizados no ensino superior do curso de engenharia de produção, bem como as vantagens, limitações e habilidades desenvolvidas segundo a utilização adequada dessas técnicas. No estudo de caso, se analisam os métodos de ensino e as competências necessárias nas disciplinas profissionalizantes do curso de engenharia de produção mecânica da escola de engenharia de São Carlos cujos métodos de coleta foram através de questionário para os discentes e entrevistas junto aos docentes. Embora haja uma variedade de técnicas socializantes que deveriam atender aos objetivos específicos de cada disciplina, os avanços tornam-se despercebidos pela descrição da técnica. Ao menosprezar a conduta e observação docente (dimensão técnica/ética/política), durante o processo, o docente abdica de sua autoridade no processo de ensino/aprendizagem; as limitações, como a aula expositiva tradicional (centrando o conhecimento no professor), têm se tornado fonte de estagnação, desfavorecendo a amplitude do desenvolvimento do potencial humano e fazendo com que o discente não se torne co-autor de seu processo de aprender a aprender, pois limita sua fonte de investigação, criatividade e anseio de desafio. / The market globalization brought political, socieconomic and cultural impacts for the brazilian setting, emphasizing the figure of a human being, denominated citizen of the world. Due to human own limitations, in a world that every change is constant, this citizen has a feature that is to be an eternal learner. The university, locus of the production of the identity of a country, whose social role is to develop individuals in this new global context, is in an existential dilemma: research and education; the transcendence of this dichotomy can originate from new human relations in the development of the collective subject that builds his/her identity through the possibilities of the diversity of the world that surrounds him/her. During the apprenticeship, for the acquisition of knowledge or the development of skills and attitudes by educative experiences, the role of the academician as a mediator in organizing strategies (methods and teaching techniques) so that the student can know and create the culture. The goal of this research is to map the typology and the frequency of teaching methods in professionalizing development in production engineering, to identify through a theoretical study and a bibliographic review, the most used kinds and methods in the university teaching in production engineering course, as well as the advantages, limitations and skills developed according to the adequate use of these techniques. When studying a case it is analyzed the teaching methods and the necessary competences in the professionalizing disciplines in the mechanical production engineering course from São Carlos school of engineering, whose data assessment methods were quizzes for the students and interviews with the academicians. Although there is a variety of socializing techniques that should correspond to the specific goals of each discipline, the advances become unperceived by the description of the technique. When despising the academician\'s behavior and observation (technical/ethic/politic dimension) during the process, the academician resigns his/her authority during the teaching/learning process; the limitations like the traditional expositive classes (focusing on the professor\'s knowledge) have become a source of stagnation, disfavoring the range of the development of the human potential, acting in order that the student isn\'t the co-author of his/her learning to learn process, because they limit his/her investigation source, creativity and desire for challenge.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T11:10:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Reila Campos Guimarães de Araújo - 2014.pdf: 1397254 bytes, checksum: 57234aeb1023198a2de456a42282b6fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T14:36:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Reila Campos Guimarães de Araújo - 2014.pdf: 1397254 bytes, checksum: 57234aeb1023198a2de456a42282b6fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-30T14:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Reila Campos Guimarães de Araújo - 2014.pdf: 1397254 bytes, checksum: 57234aeb1023198a2de456a42282b6fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aims to demonstrate the features and the importance of questioning the methodology and the traditional methodology in the training of the nursing technician of the National Commercial Training Service (Senac) Rio Verde, Goias. We used a qualitative-quantitative research approach in a convenience sample composed of two classes of students attending the course Cancer Treatment in twelve meetings (classes) for each class, under the analysis of two external observers. To evaluate the characteristics of the teaching methodologies, we used the method of formal assessment of learning; to analyze the perceptions of students regarding the teaching methodologies applied, we used three instruments: script dail y observation, analysis instrument of observers, containing range of values from zero to ten, analyzing five aspects (participation, the syllabus, satisfaction, critical thinking and learning disability), and an anonymous, self -administered at the end of the course to analyze the same aspects. The data were entered into Excel software for further analysis in SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Descriptive analysis (absolute and relative frequency) and comparison tests between groups was performed to detect po ssible differences between the methodologies used. For analysis Chi-square and T tests, the variables were dichotomized. For analyzing qualitative data content analysis was used. Study participants were 53 (98.15%) students. In formal evaluation, there were no differences between the methodologies of questioning and traditional; was no statistically significant difference (p <0.041) for the item "participation" in the questionnaire to students, and the participation was higher in questioning. Scales of values applied by the two observers, was no statistical difference between the two methods (p <0.001). In analyzing the reports of observers, there were differences between the methodologies in all observed items. It is concluded that in this study, with students from technical nursing program Senac- Rio Verde / Goiás that learning occurs similarly in both methodologies; perception of students both methodologies are similar with the exception of the item 'participation', which is larger in the methodology of questioning; the perception of observers to questionable methodology overlaps in several aspects to traditional methodology. / O presente estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar as características e a importância da metodologia da problematização e da metodologia tradicional na formação do técnico de enfermagem do Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial (SENAC) de Rio Verde-Goiás. Utilizou-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quali-quantitativa em uma amostra de conveniência composta por duas turmas de estudantes cursando a disciplina Tratamento Oncológico, em doze encontros (aulas) para cada turma, sob a análise de duas observadoras externas. Para avaliar as características das metodologias de ensino, utilizou-se o método da avaliação formal do aprendizado; para analisar a percepção dos estudantes, referente às metodologias de ensino aplicadas, utilizou-se três instrumentos: roteiro de observação diária, instrumento de análise das observadoras, contendo escala de valores de zero a dez, analisando cinco aspectos (participação, aproveitamento dos conteúdos, nível de satisfação, senso crítico e dificuldade de aprendizagem), e um questionário anônimo, autoaplicável ao final da disciplina para análise dos mesmos aspectos. Os dados foram digitados no Software Excel, para posterior anális e no software estatístico SPSS 17.0. Foi realizada análise descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa) e testes de comparação entre grupos para detectar possíveis diferenças entre as metodologias utilizadas. Para análise do Qui-quadrado e Teste T, as variáveis foram dicotomizadas. Para a análise dados qualitativos foi utilizada análise de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 53 (98,15%) estudantes. Na avaliação formal, não houve diferenças entre as metodologias da problematização e tradicional; houve diferença estatisticamente significantes (p<0,041) para o quesito “participação” no questionário aplicado aos estudantes, sendo que a participação foi maior na problematização. Nas escalas de valores aplicadas pelas duas observadoras, houve diferença estatística entre as duas metodologias (p<0,001). Na análise do relato das observadoras, houve diferenças entre as metodologias em todos os itens observados. Conclui-se que neste estudo, com alunos do curso técnico de enfermagem do Senac- Rio Verde/Goiás que o aprendizado ocorre semelhantemente em ambas as metodologias; na percepção dos estudantes as duas metodologias são semelhantes com exceção do quesito „participação‟, que é maior na metodologia da problematização; na percepção dos observadores a metodologia problematizadora se sobrepõe em diversos aspectos à metodologia tradicional.

Orientador: Li Li Min / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_LucasVilasBoas_D.pdf: 7733145 bytes, checksum: 027b6d317458988a3459061c3791fe4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A educação médica via web (EMVW) em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) vem crescendo muito, e apresenta potenciais vantagens. Os desenhos bem estruturados e comprovadamente eficazes para uso em AVA são pouco utilizados, pois, em geral, verifica-se apenas a "digitalização" da sala de aula, ou o AVA serve apenas como depósito de textos. O uso isolado de tecnologias também não garante resultados. Necessitam-se métodos com características pedagógicas positivas, capazes de guiar a aprendizagem, enfocando o método clínico e objetivando melhora da capacidade diagnóstica, considerada frequentemente inadequada, nas avaliações de profissionais. Assim, esta pesquisa propôs a utilização do método Crônica Médica/Oficina Diagnóstica (CM/OD), que procura reunir as características pedagógicas que favorecem o aprendizado em AVA e visa, fundamentalmente, melhorar a habilidade diagnóstica do graduando em Medicina. Há uma leitura inicial motivadora (CM) e um programa estruturado de construção do conhecimento, feito a partir de casos, quase sempre reais, acoplados aos recursos audiovisuais (OD). Foram elaborados dois conjuntos CM/OD, sobre Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) e Crises Epilépticas/Epilepsias. Ambos foram inseridos em um AVA. Essa pesquisa objetivou fundamentar teoricamente a proposta CM/OD para EMVW em AVA e apresentá-la por meio de material suplementar sobre Crises Epilépticas/Epilepsias. Além disto, inferir opiniões dos estudantes expostos e verificar a eficácia do método para melhorar a capacidade diagnóstica dos graduandos em Medicina, em longo prazo, por meio de um estudo longitudinal, cuja coleta de dados foi feita utilizando um questionário de opiniões e questionários de conhecimentos e habilidades diagnósticas (CHD). O método CM/OD permite o aprendizado ativo, inicialmente individual, com autoavaliação, reflexão e interatividade, usando várias estratégias de ensino com exemplos práticos e reais, proporcionando um bom tempo de exposição, de forma repetida, e com gabarito baseado em evidências. O material suplementar permite a sua replicação em um módulo ou disciplina de qualquer curso médico. As opiniões dos expostos mostram que o método estimula a leitura pré e a pós-atividade; que a CM motiva; que o gabarito da oficina sana dúvidas; e que as principais sugestões foram o uso de redes sociais e uma discussão coletiva final. Os questionários CHD1, CHD2 e CHD3 foram respondidos por 81 alunos. A média geral do CHD1 foi de 1,59, desvio-padrão de 0,71. Durante o seguimento, 66 estudantes acessaram o AVA, denotando uma alta taxa de participação, e apresentaram significativa melhora das notas em longo prazo, pois tiveram maiores notas no CHD 2 (t = 8,88, p-valor < 0,05) e também no CHD 3 (t = 8,39, p-valor <0,05). Os resultados foram atribuídos às características pedagógicas positivas do método, já que o tempo de exposição à aula teve pouca influência nas notas finais. Concluiu-se que o método CM/OD para AVA reúne características pedagógicas positivas; pode ser adaptado e replicado em um AVA básico; foi bem aceito pelos estudantes; e apresentou eficácia satisfatória na melhora da capacidade diagnóstica dos graduandos em Medicina, mesmo em longo prazo / Abstract: Web-Based Medical Education (WBME) in Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) has become increasingly available and presents potential advantages. Well-structured and effective VLE designs are scarce and little used since, in general, only classroom digitalization is observed, or the VLE is used only for text storage. The isolated use of technologies does not guarantee results, either. Methods with positive pedagogical characteristics are needed to guide students¿ learning, focusing on the clinical method and improved diagnostic skills, which are frequently considered inadequate in professional evaluations. Thus, we have proposed the method Medical Chronicle/ Diagnostic Workshop (MC/DW), that aims to combine teaching characteristics favoring VLE learning, and, mainly, to improve the diagnostic skills of undergraduate medical students. The students were initially exposed to a motivating reading (MC) and a structured program of knowledge construction, based on real cases plus audiovisual aids (DW). Two sets were elaborated (MC/DW) on Stroke and Epileptic Seizures/Epilepsies, both part of a VLE. This work aimed to provide a theoretical basis of the MC/ DW proposal for WBME in VLE, through supplementary material on Epileptic Seizures / Epilepsies. It also aimed to infer the students¿ opinions and verify the effectiveness of the method in improving the diagnostic skills of undergraduate medical students in the long term, by applying a longitudinal intervention study consisting of an opinion survey and a Knowledge and Diagnostic Skills questionnaire (KDS) to collect data. The MC/DW method allowed an active, initially individual learning experience, combined with self-evaluation, critical thinking and interactivity, using several teaching strategies, real cases, long term exposure, repetition, and evidence-based feedback. The supplementary material allows replicating the method as a module or discipline in any medical course. The students¿ comments revealed that the method stimulates pre- and post-reading, and that the MC is highly motivating; the DW¿s answer key sheet removes doubts, offering suggestions to use social networks and a final collective reflection on the topic. The questionnaires KDS 1, 2, and 3 were answered by 81 students. The KDS1¿s general mean was 1.59, and the standard deviation was 0.71. A total of 66 students used VLE, showing a high rate of participation and a significant grade improvement in the long term, with higher means in KDS 2 (t = 8,88, p-value < 0,05) and KDS 3 (t = 8,39, p-value <0,05). These results were attributed to the positive pedagogical characteristics of the method, since time of class exposure had little influence on the final grades. It was concluded that the MC/DW method in VLE presented positive teaching characteristics, and may be adapted and replicated to a basic VLE; it was well-accepted by the students and satisfactorily effective in improving the diagnostic capacity of undergraduate medical students, in the long run / Doutorado / Neurologia / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

This study examined the Storyline method and its effect on young English language learners’ motivation. Four classes in third year compulsory school in Sweden were studied using an experimental research design, where two groups used the Storyline method and two continued with their usual teaching. Measurements were done with semi-structured observations and semi-structured interviews during four weeks. The observations revealed that the Storyline method resulted in more motivated students, mostly due to the use of creative and communicative exercises. The teachers graded the students’ motivation and that did not reveal any considerable differences between the groups. However, the teachers in the experiment groups explained in the interviews that the students were more motivated with Storyline than without. Further outcomes of the results revealed that the Storyline method increased the teachers’ use of English while teaching and some teachers’ perception of their students’ language proficiency was questioned. The findings also showed that the method could respond to challenges in teaching, mentioned by the teachers.

Previous research has shown multiple benefits and challenges with the incorporation of children’s literature in the English as a Second language (ESL) classroom. In addition, the use of children’s literature in the lower elementary English classroom is recommended by the Swedish National Agency for Education. Consequently, the current study explores how teachers in Swedish elementary school teach ESL through children’s literature. This empirical study involves English teachers from seven schools in a small municipality in Sweden. The data has been collected through an Internet survey. The study also connects the results to previous international research, comparing Swedish and international research. The results suggest that even though there are many benefits of using children’s literature in the ESL classroom, the respondents seldom use these authentic texts, due to limited time and a narrow supply of literature, among other factors. However, despite these challenges, all of the teachers claim to use children’s literature by reading aloud in the classroom. Based on the results, further research exploring pupils’ thoughts in contrast to teachers would be beneficial. In addition, the majority of the participants expressed that they wanted more information on how to use children’s literature. Therefore, additional research relating to beneficial methods of teaching English through children’s literature, especially in Sweden, is recommended.

This research compares the grammar in English schoolbooks with the grammar teaching practisedin a Swedish secondary school classroom. It explores the grammar content of two Englishschoolbooks from two different levels, and whether the teacher uses other materials when teachinggrammar: language websites with grammar and vocabulary exercises, and listening, reading andwriting activities, that are different or similar to the ones in the schoolbooks. The study also looks atdifferent grammar teaching methods, Grammar-translation method, Direct method andAudiolingual method, used in the schoolbooks. Throughout the years, different methods have beenused for teaching grammar, which is why it is interesting to see which ones are used here. Thegrammar content of two English schoolbooks and the classroom observations of year eight and yearnine English lessons were analysed and compared in order to find out whether the grammarteaching affects the pupils proficiency level and accuracy in their essays. This investigation isrelevant since language teaching has become more and more focused on communication, whichmeans that accuracy has a tendency of being forgotten, even though fluency and accuracy are bothequally important in order to achieve a communicative competence.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate what different ways there are to teach English grammar at upper secondary level and what guidance experienced teachers have to offer. This is done by studying different theorists’ ideas on language acquisition as well as what researchers’ opinions are on how to teach grammar. I have also interviewed seven experienced teachers who work at upper secondary level. The results of this investigation show that explicit grammar teaching has decreased over the years and been replaced by implicit grammar teaching and communication exercises. Grammar teaching has become integrated with activities focusing on meaning and is taught more through examples than by using grammatical terminology. Since students frequently come into contact with English they are not thought to need grammar rules as much, since they learn the language in a native-like way almost. However, they repeatedly make some mistakes. Each teacher had different methods for dealing with these mistakes, but they seemed to be keeping in mind the students’ needs and the curriculum. In this study, I will highlight some methods for teaching grammar, factors that can influence learning and provide information on some existing theories about how students learn their second language.

The thesis reacts on the contemporary schooling when there is the need of differentiation and individualisation of teaching in heterogeneous classrooms. However, the teachers are not prepared enough to differentiate and there is only a minimum of relevant literature and methodological support. The main aim of the thesis is to summarise the latest findings in this field, to detect possible strategies of differentiation and individualisation at the lower primary school and to design feasible steps for the teachers to follow. In the theoretical part there are summarised already familiar findings from the external literature. In the empirical part I am focusing on the differentiation methods of two sample teachers, who are important models for the students - future teachers. The methods used predominantly in the research are the in-depth interviews with the teachers and an analysis of a recording of observed lessons.

This thesis is focused on the phylum Tardigrada. The main goal is to implement this topic into the curriculum of primary and secondary education. The thesis is divided in two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part comprises five basic topics: the general introduction to phylum Tardigrada and other moss fauna; extraction methods; analysis of textbooks for primary and secondary schools; and application of obtained knowledge about phylum Tardigrada in education. In this thesis, water bears are used as model organisms for creating practical suggestions for teaching methods and forms that can be used when implementing this theme into a teaching process. The empirical part presents the results of extensive study focused on the occurrence of Tardigrada in moss from variety of habitats in the Czech Republic and its implication for practical use. Keywords: moss fauna, cryptobiosis, education, teaching methods, research, analysis of textbooks