<p>This thesis deals with the design of ligands for efficientasymmetric catalysis and studies of the conformation of theligands in the catalytically active complexes. All ligandsdeveloped contain chiral oxazoline heterocycles.</p><p>The conformations of hydroxy- and methoxy-substitutedpyridinooxazolines and bis(oxazolines) during Pd-catalysedallylic alkylations were investigated using crystallography,2D-NMR techniques and DFT calculations. A stabilising OH-Pdinteraction was discovered which might explain the differencein reactivity between the hydroxy- and methoxy-containingligands. The conformational change in the ligands due to thisinteraction may explain the different selectivities observed inthe catalytic reaction.</p><p>Polymer-bound pyridinooxazolines and bis(oxazolines) weresynthesised and employed in Pd-catalysed allylic alkylationswith results similar to those of monomeric analogues;enantioselectivities up to 95% were obtained. One polymer-boundligand could be re-used several times after removal of Pd(0).The polymer-bound bis(oxazoline) was also used in Zn-catalysedDiels-Alder reactions, but the heterogenised catalyst gavelower selectivities than a monomeric analogue.</p><p>A series of chiral dendron-containing pyridinooxazolines andbis(oxazolines) were synthesised and evaluated in Pd-catalysedallylic alkylations. The dendrons did not seem to have anyinfluence on the selectivity and little influence on the yieldwhen introduced in the pyridinooxazoline ligands. In thebis(oxazoline) series lower generation dendrimers had a postiveon the selectivity, but the selectivity and the activitydecreased with increasing generation.</p><p>Crown ether-containing ligands were investigated inpalladium-catalysed alkylations. No evidence of a possibleinteraction between the metal in the crown ether and thenucleophile was discovered.</p><p>A new type of catalyst, an oxazoline-containing palladacyclewas found to be very active in oxidations of secondary alcoholsto the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The reactions wereperformed with air as the re-oxidant. Therefore, this is anenviromentally friendly oxidation method.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>asymmetric catalysis, chiral ligand,oxazolines, conformational study, allylic substitution,polymer-bound ligands, dendritic ligands, crown ether,oxidations, palladacycle.</p>

No description available.

An iterative protocol is a highly efficient strategy for the generation of large, complex molecules that has been applied in many different subfields of organic synthesis. The use of a tandem or cascade reaction is also an effective approach for the rapid introduction of molecular complexity into a system since the number of steps requiring independent optimization is greatly reduced. With the aim of creating new synthetic strategies to efficiently gain access to stereochemically complex small molecules, we envisioned the use of short iterative protocols to prepare reactive oligomers to which a diverse range of cascade cyclization processes could be applied. In an attempt to minimize reaction optimization and chromatographic purification steps during the development of our small molecule precursors, we first developed an iterative synthesis based on a conjugate addition/reduction sequence that has allowed us to access a diverse series of oligo-vinyl ether intermediates. Significantly, both the addition and reduction steps proceed in near-quantitative yield, and reaction co-products can be removed without column chromatography. At the same time, most of our vinyl ether intermediates are stable to silica gel, and so analytically pure samples can be prepared when desired. Except for when very sterically demanding substrates are employed as electrophiles, the intermediates are isolated as single geometrical isomers. We also developed an improved synthesis of a previously intractable class of alkynoate starting materials (4-aryl-2-butynoates) to ensure a diverse range of easily accessible monomeric building blocks were available for our use. With this effective iterative route in hand, we have several interesting small molecule targets at our disposal. We first applied our iterative route to synthesize oxygen-containing analogues of juvenile hormone III. These mono- and bis-vinyl ethers are currently undergoing biological testing (in collaboration with Dr. Steve Perlman and Dr. Michael Horst), and early results show promise as ecologically degradable insect control agents. We also developed an unprecedented 6-endo/5-exo radical cascade reaction across bis-vinyl ethers which proceeds in good yield, high diastereoselectivity, and excellent regiochemical control. This reaction represents the first cascading radical cyclization ever reported for a bis-vinyl ether system and validates our iterative approach to molecular complexity. / Graduate

La mesure de la formation de HO2 et H2O2 lors de l’oxydation de carburant est très difficile. Par contre, elle est extrêmement importante pour déterminer l’importance relative des voies de terminaison de chaînes de R + O2 et de ramification des chaînes menant à la production des radicaux OH. Par ailleurs, ces informations sont essentielles pour améliorer les modèles cinétiques. Afin de répondre à cette demande, un nouveau dispositif expérimental a été développé dans notre laboratoire : un réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux couplé à un détecteur cw-CRDS qui permet d’analyser en ligne des produits de combustion. Grâce à ce nouveau système, pour la première fois, HO2 a été mesuré directement lors de l’oxydation du n-butane et de l’éther di-méthylique dans un réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’échantillonnage est toujours à basse pression et les produits sont détectés dans le proche infrarouge. Toutes nos expériences ont été réalisées à pression atmosphérique dans le domaine de température 500-900 K. Les produits de combustion mesurés sont CH2O, H2O2, HO2, C2H4 et H2O. Nos résultats expérimentaux ont été utilisés pour tester des modèles cinétiques issus de la littérature que nous avons analysés en menant des analyses de sensibilité et de voies réactionnelles. / Measuring the formation of HO2 and H2O2 from the oxidation of fuels is challenging but extremely important for determining their tendency to follow chain-termination pathways from R+O2 compared to chain-branching leading to the production of OH radicals. Furthermore, such data are vital for improving existing detailed chemical kinetics models. In order to meet these requirements, a new experimental setup has been developed in our laboratory: a jet-stirred reactor coupled with the cw-CRDS, which allows analyzing online combustion products. Thanks to this new system, for the first time, HO2 was measured directly during the oxidation of n-butane and dimethylether in a jet-stirred reactor. The sampling is always in vacuum and the species were detected at near infrared. All of our experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in the range of temperature between 500 K to 900 K. The combustion products measured were CH2O, H2O2, HO2, C2H4, and H2O. Our experimental results were used to test published kinetic models that were analyzed by performing sensitivity and reaction paths analyzes.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-05T21:41:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) adeline_cristina_pereira.pdf: 1853338 bytes, checksum: 3a89c6c8bdef22cb94ac757e146a9e2a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-10T11:58:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) adeline_cristina_pereira.pdf: 1853338 bytes, checksum: 3a89c6c8bdef22cb94ac757e146a9e2a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-10T11:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) adeline_cristina_pereira.pdf: 1853338 bytes, checksum: 3a89c6c8bdef22cb94ac757e146a9e2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / O catalisador denominado SiO2-SO3H foi empregado em tr?s processos reacionais distintos: transesterifica??o, cetaliza??o e eterifica??o. Utilizado em uma propor??o de 20% (m/m) contendo tolueno, o SiO2-SO3H se mostrou muito eficiente no processo de transesterifica??o de triacilglicer?deos fornecendo glicerol e ?steres met?licos de ?cidos graxos (biodiesel) com um rendimento de 98%. Empregou-se o glicerol obtido como reagente em uma mistura com acetona, em um meio reacional livre de solventes e utilizando o SiO2-SO3H, obteve-se convers?o total e 100% de seletividade para o composto contendo o anel de 5 membros [(?)- 2,2-Dimetil-4-hidroximetil-1,3-dioxolano] conhecido como solketal, um produto qu?mico vers?til, com diversas aplica??es, na ind?stria de cosm?tico e farmac?utica, al?m de aditivo para diesel com a finalidade de reduzir o ponto de congelamento, melhorar as propriedades lubrificantes e aumentar a pot?ncia anti-detonante. Posteriormente realizou-se o processo de eterifica??o do solketal, empregando o catalisador SiO2-SO3H, levando a forma??o do 4,4'-[oxibis(metileno)]-bis(2,2-dimetil-1,3-dioxolano)], ??ter de di-solketal?, precursor do diglicerol, importante emulsificante das ind?strias farmac?utica e aliment?cia com 98% de rendimento. A eterifica??o do solketal foi tamb?m promovida empregando o catalisador denominado SiO2-Nb levando a forma??o do 4,4'-[oxibis(metileno)]-bis(2,2-dimetil-1,3-dioxolano)], ??ter de di-solketal? com um rendimento de 96%. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / The catalyst called SiO2-SO3H was at the forefront of several distinct reaction processes: transesterification, ketalization and etherification. Used at a ratio of 20% (m / m) to toluene, SiO2 -SO3H became very efficient in the transesterification process of triacylglycerides, providing glycerol and fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) in 98% yield. The glycerol was used as reagent in a mixture with acetone, in a solvent-free reaction medium and in the use of SiO2 -SO3H, obtained and 100% total resolution for the compound with the 5-membered compound [(?) - 2,2-Dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane], known as solalto, a versatile chemical with various applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, as well as a diesel additive for freezing purpose, lubricants and increase anti-detonating power. Subsequently, the sputtering determination was carried out using the SiO2 -SO3H catalyst, leading to the formation of 4,4 '- [oxybis (methylene)] bis (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)], di-solketal, precursor of diglycerol, a major emulsifier of the pharmaceutical and food industries in 98% yield. The etherification of the solketal was also promoted using the catalyst called SiO2-Nb leading to the formation of 4,4 '- [oxybis (methylene)] bis (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)], di -solketal "in 96% yield.

Foi estudada a dissociação multifotônica do éter dietílico induzida por absorção de luz infravermelha, proveniente de um laser de CO2, tipo TEA.Na irradiação com a linha P(20) da banda 0001-0200 (1046 cm -1 ), os produtos observados por análise espectroscópica infravermelha e cromatografia em fase gasosa foram:H2,CO,CH4,C2H2,C2H4, C2H6, CH3CHO e C2H5OH.A eficiência de dissociação foi proporcional às pressões iniciais de éter a uma potência fixa e crescente em função da potência do laser a uma pressão fixa. A eficiência com relação ao comprimento de onda do laser seguiu aproximadamente o espectro de absorção I.V. do éter, sugerindo que a dissociação seja iniciada por um processo de absorção multifotônica ressonante. 0 estudo da variação do rendimento individual dos produtos em função da potência apresentou um comportamento crescente para todos os produtos, enquanto que a variação do rendimento individual dos mesmos em função da pressão inicial de éter para CO e CH4 foram crescentes e para C2H6, CH3CHO e C2H5OH foram decrescentes; o comportamento do C2H4 foi linear e quase constante, o que sugere que ele se forme por dissociação unimolecular do éter, enquanto que a formação de CO, CH4 e C2H6deve envolver processos colisionais. Na irradiação de misturas de éter com argônio, neônio, hidrogênio, hélio e N20, os rendimentos individuais absolutos cairam, possivelmente porque tais gases agem como desativadores de moléculas de éter excitadas pelo laser, por transferência de energia V-T. Adicionando-se ao éter um captador de radicais, no caso NO, foi verificado apenas um pequeno aumento no rendimento relativo de CH4 em detrimento do C2H6. Na irradiação o do sistema éter/oxigênio foi observada a quebra dielétrica do sistema, tratando-se este fenômeno de uma verdadeira combustão, uma vez que o processo todo é desencadeado com apenas um pulso do laser para pressões acima de 40,0 Torr de 02,sendo CO2o produto principal. Entretanto, abaixo do limiar de quebra dielétrica o rendimento individual dos produtos foi crescente com o aumento do número de pulsos e também em função do aumento da pressão de 02, exceto o etanol que neste último estudo decresceu. Neste caso, os produtos observados foram os mesmos que no éter puro, exceto pequena quantidade de CO2. Em síntese, o C2H4 e C2H5OH devem se formar da dissociação unimolecular do éter, ao passo que H2 , CO, CH4 , C2H2 , C2H6 e CH3CHO são obtidos, em sua maior parte, através de reações que envolvem processos colisionais, radicalares ou não. / The photodissociation of diethyl ether induced by infrared multiphoton absorption from focused radiation of a TEA CO2 laser was investigated. After irradiating with the P(20) line of the 0001-0200 band (1046 cm-1) the decomposition products were analyzed by IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, ethane, acetaldehyde and ethanol were detected. The overall decomposition efficiency was proportional to the initial pressure for a fixed irradiation energy, and increases with pulse energy at constant sample pressure. The decomposition efficiency was also observed to be wavelength dependent and followed, roughly, the IR absorption spectrum profile suggesting a resonant multiphoton absorption initiated reaction. Individual product yields were found to increase by increasing pulse energies. The variation of the initial ether pressure showed increasing yields for CO and CH4, and decreasing yields for C2H6, CH3 CHO and C2H5OH. The C2H4 yield was almost constant with sample pressure, suggesting that it is formed through unimolecular decomposition, while the formation of CO, CH4 and C2H6 must involve collisional processes. The use of argon, helium, neon, hydrogen, and nitrous oxide as buffer gases decreases the absolute product yields, probably due to the deactivation of excited molecules via collisional V-T energy transfer. The use of a free radical scavenger, nitric oxide,indicated a small increase for CH4 yield and a decrease for C2H6. When irradiating ether/oxygen mixtures, a strong reaction initiated by dielectric breakdown was observed. This phenomenon occurs with one laser pulse when the oxygen pressure is above 40 Torr, and is practically a true combustion, resulting in the formation of CO2 as the major product and traces of CO. However, under the threshold for dielectric breakdown the products yields increase when increasing the number of pulses and 02 pressure. In this case the products are the same as in neat ether, except for small quantities of CO2.

Nosso grupo de pesquisa vem se dedicado, há vários anos, ao estudo das reações de ciclização eletrofílica de substratos insaturados que contêm um nucleófilo interno (oxigênio ou nitrogênio). Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter derivados de éteres cíclicos de cinco e seis membros diferentemente funcionalizados. Compostos 1,3-dicarbonílicos e ß-hidróxi carbonílicos, contendo dupla ligação em posição apropriada, foram submetidos à reação de ciclização mediada tanto por iodo quanto por dimetildioxirana. De maneira semelhante, ß-enamino ésteres alquenilados foram submetidos à reação de iodociclização visando à síntese de diidropirróis, pirrolidínas e tetraidroindóis. Os heterociclos funcionalizados com iodo foram submetidos à reação de desidroiodação, promovida por base, fornecendo os correspondentes produtos de eliminação. / Our research group has been studying, for several years, eletrophilic cyclization reactions of unsaturated substrates bearing internal nucleophiles such as oxygen or nitrogen. This work aimed to obtain five and six membered cyclic ether derivatives differently functionalized. 1,3-Dicarbonyl and ß-hydroxy carbonyl compounds bearing double bonds suitably positioned were submitted to cyclization reaction mediated by either iodine or dimethyldioxirane. Similarly, alkenyl substituted ß-enamino esters were also prepared and submitted to iodo-cyclization reaction leading to dihydropyrrols, to pyrrolidines or to tetrahydroindols. The heterocyclic compounds bearing iodine were submitted to the corresponding dehydroiodination reaction mediated by base, furnishing elimination products

L'association d'halogénure de tétraoctylammonium et de triisobutylaluminium permet de réaliser la polymérisation anionique de divers époxydes par activation du monomère. Ces systèmes catalytiques ont été appliqués à la (co)polymérisation de l'épichlorhydrine. Cette méthode qui a permis d'obtenir des poly(épichlorhydrine)s de masses molaires contrôlées jusqu'à 100 000 g/mol, a été étendue ensuite à la synthèse de copolymères, statistiques et à blocs, associant l'épichlorhydrine à divers oxiranes substitués : oxyde de propylène, éther tert-butyl glycidique et éther allyl glycidique. Dans le but d'élargir le domaine d'application de ces polyéthers ω-hydroxylés, l'introduction de groupements fonctionnels en tête de chaine a été étudiée. L'influence des substituants du dérivé aluminique et la nature de l'amorceur sur l'efficacité et la spécificité de l'amorçage ont été examinés. / Association of tetraoctylammonium halide and triisobutylaluminium allows anionic polymerization of epoxides by an activated monomer mechanism. This catalytic system was applied to the synthesis of (co)polymers of epichlorohydrin. The synthesis of poly(epichlorohydrin) was achieved in a controlled manner allowing the preparation of polymers with molar masses up to 100 000 g/mol. This approach was extended to the synthesis of statistic and block copolymers of epichlorohydrin with various substituted oxirane : propylene oxide, tert-butyl glycidyl ether and allyl glycidyl ether.In order to extend the application field of this ω-hydroxyl polyether, we have investigated the introduction of functional groups at the beginning of the polymer chain. For this purpose, the influence of the substituted group on the aluminium and the nature of the initiator were examined on the efficiency and the specificity of the initiation step.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19986号 / 工博第4230号 / 新制||工||1654(附属図書館) / 33082 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 酒井 伸一, 教授 米田 稔, 准教授 平井 康宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM