This study examines a largely unexplored aspect of Sutherland’s (1974) model of differential association: the interplay of general and crime specific definitions favorable towards crime. Do individuals learn the specific techniques of a type of crime through interactions or do social interactions produce a general disposition towards all types of criminal behavior? Little prior research has been done on the influence of these definitions. Instead studies focus on only one or another, which leaves the details of general/specific definitions unexplored. With the aid of a mixed methodology of statistical and network analysis, this study explores general/specific definitions simultaneously by focusing on relationships between egos and alters. If alters commit similar crimes, it is likely that crime specific definitions are being learned; if crimes are dissimilar then general definitions are more likely. Using police data on a known criminal network located in an urban capital, I test the relationship between the criminal behaviors of egos and alters. The study also compares the centrality of the node to the commonality of crime they commit. This provides an understanding of how key nodes in the network affect the dissemination of criminal definitions. Overall, while variations exist for criminal types, the study finds that crime specific definitions dominate the network and, therefore, have greater influence over respondents’ criminal behavior. Conversely, I found no clear pattern which indicates that high centrality nodes commit more common crimes. This may indicate that high centrality nodes are responsible for disseminating general definitions of crime while most nodes communicate crime specific definition.

The focus of this work is to bring the idea of mindfulness closer, in terms of connection with other personality traits. Additionally it highlights the use of mindfulness in psychotherapy practice, specifically in regard to homosexually orientated clients. The study summarizes the main findings on the mindfulness phenomenon, highlighting the important aspects of adopting a new identity within this demographic. The study also monitors the connection of coming out process with particular aspects of mindfulness. In the empirical section the results of the FFMQ questionnaire, in which participated 294 persons of both male and female gender and of both heterosexual and homosexual orientation are compared using quantitative methods. By means of statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) it was determined that the homosexually orientated do not differ significantly from those of heterosexual orientation. Furthermore there was no significant statistical difference in mindfulness between genders within the research sample. Keywords: mindfulness, psychotherapy, mindfulness definitions, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, sexual orientation, coming out, homosexual identity, personality

Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka hur lärare förhåller sig till, definierar och undervisar i grammatik med de yngre åldrarna och de svårigheter som lärarna stött på i sin grammatikundervisning. Denna undersökning baseras på intervjuer med sex behöriga lärare i årskurs 1–3, varav en speciallärare som tjänstgjorde på samma skola i förskoleklass. Som komplement till den del av lärarintervjuer gjordes också en översiktlig läromedelsanalys utifrån läromedel som lärarna uppgav att de använde i grammatikundervisningen. Grammatik och grammatikundervisningen är ett omdiskuterat ämne, även om diskussionen inte är så uttalad när det gäller undervisning på lågstadiet. Sammantaget visar undersökningens resultat att de deltagande lärarna ser begreppet grammatik som ett diffust begrepp och det definieras också olika av lärarna. Det framkom även stora variationer när det gällde lärarnas attityd till begreppet grammatik och grammatikundervisning som något svårt och tråkigt eller som något som de anser är enkelt och meningsfullt. Däremot råder samstämmighet hos deltagarna om att grammatik och grammatikundervisning är viktigt för elevernas språkutveckling. Läromedelsanalysen visade att det i vissa läromedel tydligt framgick grammatiska inslag och grammatiska begrepp användes, medan det i andra läromedel inte gick att urskilja de grammatiska inslagen. / The purpose of this survey is to examine the way teachers relate to, define and teach grammar to pupils of the younger grades and the difficulties they encounter in teaching grammar. The research is based on interviews carried out among six licenced teachers, all employed in the same school and of whom one is a special education teacher. They teach classes in pre-school and primary school, grade 1¬3. Complimentary to the interviews, a general analysis of the teaching material used in their teaching, was carried out. Grammar and grammar teaching is a widely discussed topic, even if little is said about grammar teaching in the younger years. Altogether, the results of the study show, that the teachers taking part in the study regard grammar as a vague and unspecific term and the teachers define the concept of grammar differently. Another conclusion was that the attitudes towards grammar among the teachers varied widely. Some consider grammar difficult and boring while others believe it to be meaningful and easy to grasp. On the other hand, the teachers taking part in the survey agreed upon the importance of grammar and grammar teaching in the linguistic development of the pupils. The analysis of the teaching materials showed that some materials cover grammar as an clearly defined topic and formal grammatic terms were consciously used, while in others formal grammar as a topic was less evident.

Firstly, this thesis investigates the electrical power harmonics in an attempt to utilize harmonic current and its distortion power in a novel idea to reconvert the distortion power into useful power. This is done, in order to feed different DC or AC loads in single and three-phase power system by using passive or active filters and accordingly, develop a new topology of hybrid active power filter (HAPF). In addition, this circuit can be considered as a power factor corrector (PFC) because it reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) and improves the power factor (PF). Secondly, this thesis works on a new design of active power factor correction (APFC) circuit presenting two circuits with the same design principle: the first design consists of two active switches without an external complex control circuit, while the second design contains a single active switch with an additional control circuit. The main contribution of this circuit is 98% reduction of the inductor's value used in the newly proposed PFC circuit in comparison with the conventional boost converter which may lead to a huge reduction in size, weight and the cost of the new PFC circuit. Also, the active switches depend on a carefully designed switching pattern that results in an elimination of the third order harmonic from the input source current which decreases the value of total current harmonic distortion (THDI) to (14%) and improves the input PF to (0.99). Consequently, the simplicity of the design without requiring a complex control circuit and without a snubber circuit plus the minimum size of inductor, gives the newly proposed circuit the superiority on other PFC circuits. Thirdly, this research aims to describe the distortion power through submitting two novel power terms called effective active power (Pef ) & reactive power (Qef ) terms with a new power diagram called Right-Angled Power Triangle (RAPT) Diagram. In addition, a novel de nition of total apparent power (St) has been submitted in order to illustrate the physical meaning of (St) in non-sinusoidal systems. The new RAPT Diagram is based on the orthogonality law and depends on geometrical summation to describe the relationship between different aspects (apparent-active-reactive) of power, and different components (total-fundamental distortion), drawing a bridge to connect the time domain with the frequency domain in a two-dimensional diagram.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-04T12:20:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Regina Marques Amado da Silva_.pdf: 1470259 bytes, checksum: 729bc11f473fb8a659607dc1d43ae3dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-04T12:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcia Regina Marques Amado da Silva_.pdf: 1470259 bytes, checksum: 729bc11f473fb8a659607dc1d43ae3dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como as ações de responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE) desenvolvidas por uma empresa plantadora de eucalipto na Zona da Amazônia Legal agregam valor para a empresa e para seus stakeholders. A pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio de estudo de caso, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas e análise de resultados com base no referencial teórico existente na literatura disponíveis no portal CAPES, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, SCOPUS/SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO, EMERALD, Livros e Revistas. Foram estudados a empresa, stakeholders internos, stakeholders externos vinculados à empresa e stakeholders externos, a fim de analisar como a empresa define sua estratégia de negócios ao mesmo tempo em que contempla ganhos financeiros sem perder de vistas com relação a sua responsabilidade perante toda a sociedade. A empresa estudada situa-se numa região de floresta amazônica, cerrado e área de transição. Embora abrigue polêmicas em torno de suas atividades, mostra-se sensível às questões sociais e ambientais. Os resultados indicam que para a empresa conseguir a agregação de valor por meio de RSE foi necessário investir na governança humana dos seus colaboradores e integrar as iniciativas sociais com as suas estratégias de negócios, alternativa importante para práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável na região da Amazônia Legal. A empresa obtém agregação de valor de suas iniciativas de RSE dado as melhorias de relacionamentos com os grupos de stakeholders, motivação dos trabalhadores, ganho em produtividade e melhoria da imagem corporativa. No que se refere aos stakeholders internos (funcionários), as ações de RSE geram valor em função da melhoria de vida dos profissionais, somadas ao respeito e á preocupação da empresa relacionado à preservação do meio ambiente. Para os stakeholder externos vinculados à empresa (parceiros), o valor agregado é evidenciado na melhoria da qualidade de vida no campo social, econômico e ambiental da comunidade. E os stakeholder externos ratificam-se os problemas relacionados à água após o plantio de eucaliptos, e questiona-se que o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental que concedeu o licenciamento da empresa não contempla todo o território indígena. / This work aims to analyze how actions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) de-veloped by a eucalyptus plantation company in the Amazon zone add value to the company and its stakeholders. The research was developed through case study with data collection using results of interviews and analysis based on existing theoretical literature available in the CAPES portal, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCOPUS / SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO, EMERALD, books and magazines. The company, internal stake-holders, external stakeholders related to the company and external stakeholders were studied in order to analyze how the company defines its business strategy while contemplating financial gain without losing views with respect to its responsi-bility to the whole society. The company studied is located in a region of the Amazon rainforest, savannah and transition area. The company, although holding controver-sy about its activities, proves to be sensitive to social and environmental issues. The results indicate that for the company to achieve added value through CSR was necessary to invest in human governance of its employees and integrate social initiatives with their business strategies, important alternative to sustainable development practices in the Amazon region. The company obtains added value of their CSR initiatives given the improvements relationships with stakeholder groups, employee motivation, productivity gains and improved corporate image. With regard to internal stakeholders (employees), CSR actions generate value as a function of improving the lives of professionals, added to the respect and will concern the company related to the preservation of the environment. For external stakeholders related to the company (partners), the value is evidenced in improving the quality of life in the social, economic and environmental community. And the external stake-holder ratify up the problems related to water after planting eucalyptus, and asks that the Environmental Impact Study which granted the license the company does not include the entire Indigenous territory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubya Floriani dos Anjos.pdf: 2049857 bytes, checksum: 84eb1b893af24fd97b76883cdd37bb9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-23 / This paper aims to discuss the telecommunications taxation regime especially with regard to taxes on telecommunications services (which involves communications) and its earnings and infrastructure services. The differential legal liability for this segment and the relevant jurisprudence are also considered as well as the essential aspects of the taxation juridical regimes. In spite of being important, the telecommunications theme is new in the national conjuncture as its effective progress started due to the privatization and monopoly ending in 1997, according to the General Telecommunications Law n. 9.472. Although there has been respectful doctrine about telecommunications taxation, the constant technological development related to it turns the subject present and allows reinterpretations that are proposed by this thesis. The analysis method is based on the understanding of the facts which compound the incidence hypothesis of the taxation rule and especially the communications and telecommunications meanings, among others such as diffusion and information, all of them concerned with those ones. Aiming our proposal, common use concepts, technical Linguistic concepts and taxation, regulatory and constitutional juridical concepts are used to lead into the following results: i) in the private law regulations there isn t a communication concept to which the State Valued Added Tax (ICMS) should consider its incidence; ii) the telecommunications concepts prescribed by the sector rules are not suitable for the State Valued Added Tax incidence (ICMS), but they define the essential comprehensive field of the Contribution for the Social Integration Program (PIS), the Contribution for Social Security Funding (COFINS), the Fund for Universal Access to Telecommunications Services (FUST) and the Contribution for the Fund of Telecommunications Technological Development (FUNTTEL); and iii) the assertion that the telecommunications are species of the communications genus or that the concept of telecommunications defined by the General Telecommunications Law encompasses other services beyond those of the communications is possible depending on the adopted reference. This paper also refers to the Contribution to the Development of National Movies Industry CONDECINE-Telecom as well as to some Administration Regulatory Action Taxes and ends with the presentation of relevant connected subjects such as providing internet access, advertising and publicity circulation together with the most important Superior Court of Justice telecommunications jurisprudence / Aborda-se, nesse trabalho, o regime tributário das telecomunicações, com destaque aos tributos incidentes sobre: a prestação dos serviços de telecomunicações (que englobam as comunicações); as receitas deles decorrentes; e os serviços que envolvam infraestrutura. Apresentam-se, também, as obrigações acessórias diferenciadas para o setor e a jurisprudência relevante, sem deixar de tratar dos aspectos essenciais que compõem os regimes jurídicos tributários. Embora importante, o tema telecomunicações é novo na conjuntura nacional, pois seu progresso efetivo deu-se a partir de 1997 com a privatização e o fim do monopólio, como regulado pela Lei Geral de Telecomunicações nº 9.472. Sendo assim, apesar da existência de respeitada doutrina sobre a tributação nessa área, o constante desenvolvimento tecnológico em telecomunicações torna o assunto atual e permite reinterpretações, sendo esta tese uma proposta. O método de análise concentra-se na compreensão dos fatos que compõem a hipótese de incidência da norma tributária, especialmente as palavras comunicação e telecomunicação, além de outras, como difusão e informação, as quais, de certa forma, estão sempre associadas àquelas. Para tanto, utilizam-se conceitos de uso comum, conceitos técnicos com apoio da Linguística e conceitos jurídicos constitucionais, regulatórios e tributários para, finalmente, obter-se como resultados: i) não existir um conceito de comunicação previsto em diplomas do direito privado, ao qual o ICMS deva observar para incidir; ii) os conceitos de telecomunicações esses sim, previstos pela regulamentação setorial não servem para suportar a tributação pelo ICMS, mas definem o campo material de abrangência do PIS, da COFINS, do FUST e do FUNTTEL; e, iii) a afirmação de que as telecomunicações são espécie do gênero comunicações ou que o conceito de telecomunicações a partir da definição da LGT abrange outros serviços além dos de comunicação, dependendo da referência adotada. O trabalho trata, ainda, da CONDECINETelecom e de algumas Taxas de Polícia, e para concluir, apresenta temas conexos relevantes, como: o provimento de acesso à internet; veiculação de publicidade e propaganda; além das principais jurisprudências do STJ para as telecomunicações

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Mendes Feitosa Junior.pdf: 1264713 bytes, checksum: 06fa7914c647373fb99daf1cfc837d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / This paper deals with the non-social security tax on indemnities. We seek to study what the IRS has done to encompass these indemnifications in the calculation of the levy on the payroll, saw definitions and concepts of wage and salary always arguing the unconstitutionality of no impact of these funds on the basis of such calculation social contribution, without forgetting to analyze all the precepts and language studies and tax species. Fundamental basis for the study / O presente trabalho trata da não incidência das contribuições previdenciárias sobre as verbas de caráter indenizatório. Buscamos estudar o que o fisco tem feito para englobar essas verbas indenizatórias na base de cálculo da contribuição sobre a folha de salário; vimos definições e conceitos de salário e remuneração, sempre argumentando pela inconstitucionalidade da não incidência destas verbas sobre a base de cálculo deste tipo de contribuição social, sem esquecermo-nos de analisar todos os preceitos e estudos da linguagem e das espécies tributárias. Fundamento basilar para o estudo realizado

Le concept de radio logicielle (SDR) est une solution pertinente pour concevoir des équipements multi-standards. Une façon de réaliser de tels équipements est d'identifier les fonctions et opérateurs communs entre les standards. Cette approche s’appelle la paramétrisation et est divisée en deux catégories : l'approche pragmatique qui est une version pratique pour créer et développer des opérateurs communs à partir d’opérateurs existants, et l'approche théorique dont l’objectif est de réaliser une exploration graphique d’un équipement multi-standards selon différents niveaux de granularité, accompagnée d’un problème d'optimisation. C’est cette dernière approche qui a constitué le sujet de base de cette thèse. Ainsi, une fonction de coût doit être optimisée afin de sélectionner les opérateurs communs entre les différentes normes, ce qui permet de proposer une configuration optimale à partir de laquelle sont déduits les opérateurs communs. Dans notre travail, nous avons dans un premier temps modélisé théoriquement la structure graphique d’un système multi-standards par un hypergraphe orienté. En outre, nous avons fourni une expression mathématique alternative de la fonction de coût suggérée, en utilisant des définitions propres à la théorie des graphes. Ensuite, nous avons montré que le problème d'optimisation associé était un problème NP sous une certaine contrainte, ce qui a entraîné une preuve d'exclusion de certaines configurations dont les coûts ne peuvent être minimaux. Ceci a constitué la deuxième contribution de cette thèse. Enfin, nous avons proposé un nouvel algorithme permettant de résoudre le problème d'optimisation donné, et dont l'intérêt est de donner une solution optimale du problème au lieu d’une solution approchée fournie par les méthodes heuristiques classiques. Un programme associé à cet algorithme a été développé en langage C, puis appliqué à plusieurs exemples de cas génériques afin d’en étudier les performances. / The Software-Defined Radio (SDR) concept is emerging as a potential and efficient solution for designing flexible future-proof multi-standard systems. A way of realizing a multi-standard terminal is to identify the appropriate common functions and operators inside and between the standards. This is what's called the parametrization approach, which can be divided into two categories: the pragmatic approach which is a practical version to create and develop common operators, and the theoretical approach which represents a graphical exploration of the SDR multi-standard system at different levels of granularity accompanied with an optimization problem. It’s in this last approach where our thesis subject dwells. In this context, a suggested cost function (in previous work) has to be optimized in order to select the convenient common operators between the different standards, enabling to construct an optimal design. In our work, we theoretically model a previously proposed graph structure of an SDR multi-standard system as a directed hypergraph as well as provide an alternative mathematical formal expression of the suggested cost function, using various graph theoretical definitions and notations. Afterwards, we prove that the associated optimization problem is an NP-problem under a certain constraint, which entails a proof of exclusion of some particular design options when searching for a minimum cost design. This was the second contribution in this thesis before we finally present a new algorithm (which exploits various modelization aspects of directed hypergraphs) that can solve the optimization problem, whose interest is in it giving an exact-optimal solution to our problem instead of a near-optimal one provided by heuristics. A program code for this algorithm was developed in C-language, and then it was applied on several generic case examples in order to explore its performance skills.

[pt] O estudo do sujeito é de extrema importância na prática pedagógica do ensino da Língua Portuguesa. Muitas questões têm sido levantadas sobre a impropriedade com que as definições se aplicam aos exemplos e exercícios das gramáticas escolares. Nessa dissertação apresentamos uma revisão dessas definições, estabelecendo comparações com os exemplos dados nas gramáticas tradicionais, materiais didáticos e frases que surgem no uso não-padrão da língua. Nosso arcabouço teórico é pautado na abordagem funcionalista, na qual priorizamos a gramática de valências que coloca o sujeito gramatical como um complemento e a gramática sistêmica de M. A K. Halliday que apresenta o sujeito desempenhando papéis definidos pelos verbos. A partir das questões levantadas e da análise das definições dadas temos a convicção de que aquilo que a prática tradicional convencionou como modelo para o ensino de análise sintática precisa ser reavaliado, uma vez que verificamos severas contradições entre a teoria e prática. / [en] The study of the subject is of distinct importance for the pedagogical practice of the Portuguese language teaching. Many issues have been raised about the inadequacy of the definitions applied to the examples and exercises in grammars. In this dissertation, we present a review of these definitions, stablishing comparisons among the examples given in traditional grammars, teaching materials and sentences that appear in the non-pattern use of the language. Our theoretical framework is based on the functionalist approach, in which we have chosen the valency grammar which classifies the grammatical subject as a complement and the systemic grammar of M.A. K. Halliday which presents the subject performing papers defined by the verbs. Based on the issues raised and based on the analysis of the definitions we are convinced that that model which the traditional practice has established as the model for the teaching of syntatic analysis must be re-evaluated, since we have noticed many serious contradictions between the theory and the practice.

<p>Social work is a social phenomenon, existing in most societies, that has given rise to a multitude of special organizations and professions. For that reason social work is dealing with a complex identity. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how social workers and the scientific discourse interpret the concept of social work. In addition to that the study intends to show similarities and differencies. The research process containes two studies, one based on qualitative interviews with five social workers and the other consisting a surway of academic litterature. To enable a comparison of the results the studies start out of some, deliberatly choosen, themes. These are “definitions of social work”, “socialworkers”, “society, law and organization” and “ethics”.</p><p>In summary, the results, reviled a surprising unity in the interpretations of social work. Social workers, as well as the scientific discourse, manifest social work as a profession that promotes social change and problem solving in human relationships. The differencies concern social work beeing interpret normative by the social workers and more descriptive by the scientific discourse.</p>