The focus of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a community college based program that utilizes contextual teaching and learning methods that will prepare completers for careers in public safety.

This project developed a course that could be used by any police agency under the training umbrella of the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.). Specifically, the project was developed to be used by the San Bernardino Sheriff's Department and San Bernardino Valley College working with veteran police officers, police training officers, and police supervisors. The course included information from Josephson's Six Pillars of Character, Vicchio's Five Personality Types Lacking Integrity, and an ethical dilemma exercise.

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of perceptions crime victims have of the San Bernardino County District Attorney's Office. This project focused on crime victims' perceptions of communication channels and service delivery at the San Bernardino County District Attorney's Office. This research is based on a victim survey used for primary data collection.

<p>This study examined how three different manipulations of a single policing stance affected the quality scores and matching performance in a biometric facial recognition system; it was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the researcher collected qualitative survey data from active, sworn law enforcement officers in 15 states. In the second phase, the researcher collected quantitative data using a single facial recognition subject and a static body-worn camera mounted to an adjustable tripod. In the third phase, the researcher collected quantitative data from body-worn camera-equipped law enforcement officers who filmed a stationary target as they executed a series of specified movements from the interview stance. The second phase tested two different body-worn cameras: one that is popular among law enforcement agencies in the United States, the Axon Body 2; and one that is inexpensive and available to the general public via a popular internet commerce website. The third phase tested only the Axon Body 2. Results of the study showed that matching results are poor in a biometric system where the test body-worn camera was the sensor, with error rates as high as 100% when the body-worn camera wearer was in motion. The general conclusion of this study is that a body-worn camera is not a suitable sensor for a biometric facial recognition system at this time, though advances in camera technology and biometric systems may close the gap in the future. </p>

Police officers who maintain negative or traumatic information in long-term memory are vulnerable to mental illness, unstable emotional and behavioral responses, interpersonal problems, and impaired social relationships. The cognitive theory suggests that police officers externalize various negative or maladaptive behaviors as a result of frequent exposure to traumatic events. Researchers have found that police officers tend to either not seek mental health treatment, try to fix their own mental health problem, or if in treatment will not be forthcoming with internalized thoughts of psychological distress. The intention of this research was to examine the relationship between police officers' frequent exposure to violence and traumatic events/images and its effect on the long-term mental health issues and significant decreases in cognitive empathy or human compassion within police officers. This quantitative study used a simple linear regression, descriptive analysis, correlational matrix to analyze the data gathered from assessment packets containing a Trauma Symptom Inventory-2A, Paulhus Deception Scale, JHU Project Shields Questionnaire, and a Compassion Scale. Assessment packets were distributed during roll calls to active male and female Norfolk Police Officers assigned to the Patrol Divisions, Detective Division, and Vice/Narcotic Division. A priori power analysis revealed 65 participants were needed to have a valid sample. There were 66 completed assessment packets collected from the researcher's secure drop boxes. The findings were statistically significant suggesting a need for continued research. To effect positive social change, mental health workers and police organizations will use this data to assist in policy construction and mental health training.

Management practices in the rehabilitation and criminal justice system are primarily concerned with how employees sense, collect, organize, and process information regarding the criminal offender. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure parole and probation officers' perceptions regarding management support and effectiveness in the workplace, with particular emphasis on communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution. Herzberg's 2-factor theory of motivation served as the theoretical framework for the study, supporting the concept of participatory management as a central factor in job satisfaction. A researcher-designed, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 31 parole and probation officers in Baltimore County. The sample size was determined using a power analysis for the 2-sample t test. The power analysis was completed with alpha levels of .05, and a .80 level of statistical power. Participants had been employed for at least a year as parole and probation officers who supervised African American criminal offenders. Results from the questionnaires were analyzed using t tests, frequency distribution analysis, and comparison of means analysis, with mixed findings. The majority of participants felt that managers provide a positive overall work environment and effectively communicate with parole and probation officers. At the same time, the majority of respondents also believed that managers do not collaborate with employees and do not resolve conflicts with employees in a timely manner. Possible reasons for these contradictory perceptions are discussed. The study contributes to positive social change by providing leaders with improved methods for measuring parole and probation officers' perceptions regarding managerial support for and effectiveness in the rehabilitation of reentry offenders.

No description available.

Background: The whole of society is facing major challenges regarding the ongoing climate change and the possibility of creating sustainable development. This also largely applies to today's trafficsystem, which needs to change to more sustainable trffic system. Increased active travel is a nescessery for reaching the set goals that exist when it comes to sustainable travel. Increased active travel will lead to more unprotected road users in the trafficsystem, one group of unprotected road users are pedestrians. An increased number of pedestrians in the trafficsystem requires additional efforts to ensure traffic safety for that group. Method: An scoping review is carried out in which police and legislative measures aimed at increasing road safety for pedestrians are evaluated. The purpose of the study is to gain knowledge about what measures the current research proposes to increase traffic safety and to come up with proposals for additional areas where more research is needed. The study builds on two previous literature studies that superficially touched on the subject. Seven scientific articles are taken from these literature studies, a further 13 scientific articles are selected after a literature search. A total of 20 scientific articles that meet the inclusion criteria are included and analyzed. In order to assess whether Swedish authorities implement effective police and legislative measures with the aim of increasing traffic safety for pedestrians, a comparison is made between the measures proposed by the research and the measures that two Swedish authorities, the Swedish Transport Agency and the Swedish Police Agency, present in their documents Aktionsplan för säker vägtrafik 2022–2025 - 250 åtgärder som 33 myndigheter och aktörer avser att vidta för ökad trafiksäkerhet samt Polismyndighetens strategi inom trafiksäkerhetsarbetet. Results: The study shows that targeted police measures aimed at fining individuals who break traffic rules in a certain place during a certain time have a positive effect on pedestrian traffic safety. The focus should be on increasing rule compliance and reducing the number of speed limit violations by motorists, as well as encouraging pedestrians not to walk against red lights. The legislative measures that the scoping review shows have the best effect are lowering the speed limit and car-free zones on stretches of road where many pedestrians are moving. Conclusions: The conclusions that thos scoping review draws are that further research is required in the connection between reduced average speed and the number of traffic accidents which leads to personal injuries to pedestrians, as well as the part of police and legislative measures in different action programs that include several different measures that are implemented together. The police authority is working towards a reduced average speed of motorists through targeted police measures, which is in line with the measures proposed by the existing research in the area. However, there is nothing in the document about targeted police measures against pedestrians in order to increase rule compliance by that group, which is something that the Police Authority is recommended to develop. In the Swedish Transport Agency's action plan for the years 2022-2025, no measures are mentioned to increase pedestrian traffic safety linked to traffic accidents. Only measures to reduce the number of fall injuries are presented. The Swedish Transport Agency is therefore recommended to further develop its action plan and also have it include legislative measures such as reduced speed limits or car-free zones on road sections where many pedestrians move.

The present study qualitatively investigated law enforcement officers’ opinions on creating more positive relationships with community members and how news media can play a role in deteriorating community attitudes and perceptions of law enforcement officers. A total of six participants were selected to participate in a forty-five-minute interview. Participants were asked questions regarding positive and negative factors in their relationship with their communities, local and national law enforcement portrayals in news media, reforms needed within law enforcement, beliefs toward community policing, and factors that lead to success in their relationships with citizens. This study discovered that building trust, implementing community policing with ample resources, focusing on the value of educating citizens, and implementing various police reforms could lead to building more positive relationships with community members. Concerning media portrayals, the study demonstrated that the most important factors are transparency with news media and the public, implementing multiple forms of social media to stay connected with the public, and news media companies reporting both positive and negative law enforcement stories could lead to creating a more positive public image for law enforcement officers and their agencies.

<p>The live streaming of child sexual abuse is a serious problem that demands urgent attention from law enforcement, legislature, and the platforms that it occurs on. While child sexual exploitation and abuse crimes have been occurring for decades, the growing number of internet users combined with the recent Covid-19 outbreak has shifted a lot of these crimes online. Crimes that occur over live streams are particularly difficult to investigate. Previous research has highlighted four main types of challenges associated with these types of cases: legislative, social, technical, and investigative. While studies have been conducted that explored these challenges individually, this study fills a research gap by exploring which of these challenges affect law enforcement personnel that work live-streamed child sexual abuse cases post-Covid-19. For this study, an anonymous online survey was sent out to law enforcement individuals and agencies nationwide. The survey was actively distributed for one month. Out of the 29 responses received, 13 participants qualified to take the survey and were asked about the challenges they faced working these types of cases and about any solutions to these challenges. After collecting the data, descriptive statistics identified the challenges, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Following a grounded theory process, the analysis identified five main themes that encompassed multiple types of challenges and solutions. These themes were: a lack of consensus, education, the role of application service providers and platforms, a need for better technology, and out-of-jurisdiction challenges. These themes explored in-depth the participants’ responses and further identified the challenges facing law enforcement that work live-streamed child sexual abuse cases, as well as any current solutions to these challenges. Two main challenges frequently mentioned by the participants were end-to-end encryption and anonymizing services, and one of the main solutions to many of the challenges was the education of parents, children, and legislators. For future research, the author recommends exploration of the following topics: the investigation of the factors that play strong roles in determining the time it takes to investigate live-streamed child sexual abuse cases, research related to how AI could assist law enforcement working these cases, further exploration of a framework for the education of parents and children about social media usage and the risks of live streaming, how social platforms can be used in many ways, and research that examines how often law enforcement encounters live-streamed child sexual abuse cases/whether these cases are common or not. </p>