BakgrundVård i livets slutskede handlar framför allt om att lindra lidande och ge personen bästa möjliga livskvalitet och en värdig sista tid i livet. Sjuksköterskan har en central roll i vården vid livets slut och stöd till patienter och närstående är ofta komplext. Därav är det viktigt att ta reda på hur sjuksköterskor upplever vårdandet, för att öka kunskapen och förståelsen i syfte att kunna ge patienten och närstående en god vård i livets slutskede. SyfteAtt beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. MetodEn strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter. Innehållet i resultatet baseras på 15 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar, publicerade mellan år 2014 – år 2022, från databaserna CINAHL samt PubMed. ResultatSjuksköterskors upplevelser delades in i tre huvudkategorier. Huvudkategorin Sjuksköterskans roll med följande tre underkategorier; Egenskaper, Stöd till patienten samt Stöd till familjen. Huvudkategorin Värdighet i livets slut med Hinder respektive Främjande som underkategorier samt huvudkategorin Känslor i vårdandet med underkategorierna; På ett personligt plan, På ett professionellt plan och I relation till familjen. SlutsatsSjuksköterskor upplever det utmanande, komplext och svårt att vårda patienter i livets slutskede och de blir emotionellt påverkade i samband med vårdandet. Studiens resultat kan tolkas som att sjuksköterskor behöver besitta flera olika egenskaper och förmågor samt få rätt förutsättningar för att kunna ge en god och värdig vård i livets slut. / BackgroundEnd-of-life-care is about ease suffering and give the person the best quality of life as possible and to die with dignity. The nurse has a central role in end-of-life-care and support for patients and their close relatives is often complex. Therefor it is of importanceto explore how nurses experience the care, to increase knowledge and understanding in order to be able to give the patients and close relatives good end-of-life care. AimTo describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients in end-of-life. MethodA structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The result is based on the content from 15 qualitative scientific studies, published between 2014 and 2022, from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. ResultsNurses’ experiences were divided into three main categories. The main category The role of the nurse with the following three subcategories; Qualities, Support for the patient and Support for the family. The main category Dignity at the end of life with Obstacles and Promotion as subcategories, and the main category Emotions in caring with subcategories; On a personal level, On a professional level and In relation to the family. ConclusionsNurses find it challenging, complex and difficult to care for patients at the end-of-life and they are emotionally affected in connection with the care. The study's results can be interpreted as that nurses need to have several different qualities and abilities and to be given the right conditions to be able to provide good care with dignity in end-of-life.

Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology: Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Background Working in the intensive care unit can be traumatic for nursing personnel. Critical care nurses are faced with repeated exposure to death and dying as they are involved in caring for patients who are actively dying or who have been told that they have a terminal illness and are faced with the possibility of impending death. Critical care nurses relate in different ways to the phenomena of death and dying within their nursing profession and their scope of practice. These nurses often have a difficult time coping with the stress that comes with caring for those who are dying or relating to loved ones of those that are dying. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore the critical care nurse’s experiences of death and dying. Methodology A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was used to guide the study. Four nurses were recruited and rich descriptions of their experiences were gained through individual face-to-face interviews. One broad question was asked: ‘What are your experiences regarding death and dying of your patients in ICU?’ iii Results The findings of this study revealed that issues such as communication, multicultural diversity, education and coping mechanisms relating to caring for the critically ill and dying patient are essential in nursing education and practice. Critical care nurses need to have support networks in place, not only to assist in providing care, but also for their own emotional support / M

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) introduces physical, psychological, social, emotional and spiritual challenges into patients’ lives. Spirituality has been found to contribute to improved health outcomes, mainly in the areas of quality of life (QOL) and well-being. No studies exist to explore the influences of spirituality on the health outcomes and general well-being in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis (HD) treatment in Scotland. This study was therefore carried out to examine and explore spirituality in the day-to-day lives of patients with ESRD receiving HD treatment and how it may influence their health outcomes and, in particular, QOL and general well-being. The study described in this thesis employed a sequential mixed method approach over two stages: quantitative and qualitative. Following ethical approval, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 72 patients from 11 dialysis units recruited from four Health Boards in Scotland. The participants in the study were regular patients attending the dialysis units three times per week. Data on patients’ quality of life, general well-being, and spirituality were collected using self-administered questionnaires including demographic information: the Short Form Medical Outcome Study Questionnaire (SF-36v2), the General Health Questionnaire, and the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire. The data were analysed using the Predictive Analytics Software for Windows. The findings highlighted that patients’ quality of life was markedly lower than the United Kingdom general population average norms of 50. Increasing age was associated with better mental health but worse physical health. The survey also found that there were no significant associations between spirituality and patients’ quality of life and general well-being. However, it was considered important to complement and enrich the survey findings by gaining a deeper understanding of the influences of spirituality on patients’ health outcomes and general well-being by carrying out the qualitative component of the study. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 21 patients from those who participated in the survey. A thematic approach using Framework Analysis informed the qualitative data analysis. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews: ‘Emotional and Psychological Turmoil’, ‘Life is Restricted’, ‘Spirituality’ and ‘Other Coping Strategies’. The findings from the interviews confirmed that patients’ quality of life might be affected because of the physical challenges such as unremitting fatigue, disease unpredictability, or being tied down to a dialysis machine, or the emotional and psychological challenges imposed by the disease into their lives such as wholesale changes, dialysis as a forced choice and having a sense of indebtedness. The findings also revealed that spirituality was an important coping strategy for the majority of participants who took part in the qualitative component (n=16). Different meanings of spirituality were identified including connection with God or Supernatural Being, connection with the self, others and nature/environment. Spirituality encouraged participants to accept their disease and offered them a sense of protection, instilled hope in them and helped them to maintain a positive attitude to carry on with their daily lives, which may have had a positive influence on their health outcomes and general well-being. The findings also revealed that humour was another coping strategy that helped to diffuse stress and anxiety for some participants and encouraged them to carry on with their lives. The findings from this study contribute knowledge to increase our understanding of the influence of spirituality on the health outcomes and general well-being of patients with end-stage renal disease currently receiving haemodialysis treatment. Based on the findings from this thesis, recommendations are made for clinical practice, patient and nurse education and for future research.

Introdução: Como o enfoque principal nos cuidados paliativos é a qualidade de vida, a avaliação deste item é de suma importância para verificar o cuidado proposto ao paciente. Existem poucos questionários específicos para avaliar a qualidade de vida do paciente em cuidado paliativo. Entre eles, o McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) é o que apresenta maior número de validações em outras línguas e as melhores pontuações pelas suas propriedades de medidas. No Brasil existem poucos questionários validados para avaliação da qualidade de vida, e apenas um é específico para pacientes em cuidados paliativos. Objetivos: Produzir uma versão do McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) em português, adaptada ao contexto cultural brasileiro, e verificar a validade e a confiabilidade da versão adaptada. Método: A versão original foi traduzida para o português de acordo com as recomendações da literatura, e então adaptada ao contexto brasileiro a partir de entrevistas iniciais com pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos do Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), até que se obteve uma versão final (MQOL-Br). Esta versão foi retrotraduzida para o inglês e aprovada pela autora da escala original. Para verificar a validade do MQOL-Br, este foi aplicado em conjunto com o EORTC QLQ-C30 (questionário para avaliar a qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer) e o EGDC-Br (escala graduada de dor crônica Brasil), em entrevista com 101 pacientes da mesma população. A validade clínica do MQOL-Br foi testada a partir de comparação dos escores estratificando os pacientes pela funcionalidade (KPS) e status de atendimento (internado ou não). Para avaliar o grau de associação entre as subescalas do MQOL-Br e a qualidade geral de vida , foi realizada uma análise de regressão linear múltipla. A consistência interna foi avaliada através do alfa de Cronbach. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada em uma segunda entrevista com 63 pacientes, entre 2 a 8 dias após a entrevista inicial. Resultados: Observou-se idade média de 62 anos (23-92), equilíbrio no número de pacientes do sexo feminino e masculino e predominância de pacientes com o primeiro grau incompleto. Pacientes com pior performance (KPS <= 60) e pacientes internados apresentaram escores menores do que aqueles com melhor performance ou ambulatoriais. Todas as subescalas e o MQOL-Br total apresentaram boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach superior a 0,7). As correlações entre as escalas mostraram validade convergente e divergente e boa validade concorrente da escala produzida. A regressão linear múltipla indicou que as subescalas Existencial e Sintomas físicos tiveram efeitos independentes sobre a qualidade de vida global. Na análise da estabilidade temporal foi encontrado coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) moderado a bom para todas as subescalas (exceto Suporte, que teve ICC pobre) e escore total do MQOL-Br. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia a validade e a confiabilidade da versão do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida McGill traduzida e adaptada para o português (MQOL-Br) quando aplicada a pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos / Background: As the main focus on palliative care is quality of life, evaluation of this item is very important to check care offered to patients. There are few specific questionnaires to assess quality of life of patients in palliative care. Among them, McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) has greatest number of validations in other languages and best scores for its measurement properties. In Brazil there are few validated questionnaires for assessing quality of life; however, only one is specific for patients in palliative care. Objectives: Produce a version in Brazilian Portuguese of McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) adapted to Brazilian cultural context and check cross-cultural validity and reliability of modified version. Method: Original version was translated into Brazilian Portuguese in accordance with guidelines of literature, and then adapted to Brazilian context through initial interviews with cancer patients in palliative care at São Paulo Cancer Institute (ICESP) until final version was reached (MQOL-Br). This version was back translated into English and approved by the author of original scale. For MQOL-Br validity check, it was applied in conjunction with EORTC QLQ-C30 (questionnaire to assess quality of life in cancer patients) and CPG-Br (chronic pain graded scale Brazil), in interviews with 101 patients from the same population. Clinical validity of MQOL-Br was tested from comparison of scores, stratifying patients by functionality (KPS) and treatment status (admitted or not). To assess the degree of association between MQOL-Br subscales and overall quality of life, it was performed a multiple linear regression analysis. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach\'s alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a second interview with 63 patients between 2-8 days after initial interview. Results: It was observed a mean age of 62 years (23-92), balance in number of female and male patients and prevalence of patients with incomplete primary education. Patients with poor performance (KPS <= 60) and inpatients had lower scores than those with better performance or outpatient. All subscales and total MQOL-Br showed good internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha above 0.7). Correlations between scales demonstrated convergent and divergent validity and good concurrent validity of scale produced. Multi-regression analysis indicated that Existential and Physical symptoms subscales had independent effects on overall quality of life. Temporal stability analysis showed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) moderate to good for all subscales (except Support, which had poor ICC) and MQOL-Br total score. Conclusion: This study demonstrates validity and reliability of the version of Quality of Life Questionnaire McGill translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (MQOL-Br) when applied to patients with cancer in palliative care

Ethnically diverse older adults are the fastest growing population in the U.S. This population may experience transitional processes associated with immigration, acculturation, aging, and end of life (EOL). Advances in technology lead to increases in care options, which can cause uncertainty to make decisions for EOL. Unmade decisions about care prior to becoming unable to communicate are associated with burdens of last-minute decisions at EOL, unwanted intensive EOL treatments for people who may die naturally of old age, financial and emotional costs, and decreased quality of life. In the U.S., a multicultural country with a variety of care options, advance directive (AD) completion and advance care planning (ACP) may improve culturally competent and person-centered care at EOL. However, the rate of AD completion and ACP is low among Americans, especially immigrant communities. These communities, including Iranian-American older adults, have been frequently understudied, and there is a gap in studies of EOL desires, attitudes, and actions/behaviors. This inquiry focused on planning ahead for EOL care across transitional processes that older immigrants may face. The aim was to enhance culturally competent care for older adults through distinguishing significant factors, which may influence planning for EOL care. Specific purposes were: To identify relationships between attitudes toward planning for EOL care and social supports, spirituality, healthcare system distrust, and acculturation; to identify a relationship between attitudes and proactive actions toward planning ahead in Iranian-American older adults. Conceptual frameworks for this descriptive, cross-sectional study included Culture Care Diversity and Universality and Transitions theories. Findings from 135 participants revealed that they were new immigrants to the U.S. (mean year of 23 in the U.S., 97% born in Iran) and highly educated and insured with high health statuses. About 55% preferred non-intensive treatments and/or homecare at EOL, and 52.6% had not communicated their EOL wishes. Attitudes toward planning ahead for EOL were positively associated with acculturation and healthcare system distrust, and negatively associated with spirituality. No significant association was found between attitudes and social support. Furthermore, favorable attitudes predicted higher proactive actions to communicate wishes. Implications for practice, policy, education, and recommendations for further studies were discussed. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The objective of this study was to describe the lived experience of caring for persons who had a peaceful death in the intensive care units in Thailand. A qualitative research design informed by hermeneutic phenomenology was used to analyze data. Participants were 10 intensive care nurses working at adult intensive care units in south Thailand. A snowball purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. Participant inclusion criteria were at least six months' critical care nursing experience, experience in caring for a person who had peaceful death, able to describe peaceful death, and willing to participate in this study. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed. Face-to-face individual verbal interviews were conducted in the Thai language. These interviews were audiotape recorded. Descriptions were transcribed and translated for data analysis. Van Manen's (1990) hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze and interpret the data. The findings of this study were presented in each of 4 categories of the lived world of temporality, of spatiality, of corporeality, and of relationality. The description of the lived experience of caring for persons who had a peaceful death in ICU was, "understanding the other through the valuing of experience and enhancing relations with others by recognizing time is short and is a priority." This study may contribute to nursing knowledge of the end-of-life care to enhance a peaceful death in intensive care units congruently with Thai culture and society. In addition, this study directs the translations of its knowledge into implications that will benefit in helping Thai nursing to move forward. The implications of this study in advance will benefit terminally ill persons and family members regarding receiving good quality end-of-life care. / by Waraporn Kongsuwan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

<p>Den palliativa vårdens mål är att uppnå en god och fridfull död. En god död har dock visat sig vara en individuell och varierande upplevelse varför patienten själv måste få möjlighet att uttala sig om sin förestående död. Forskning har framhållit att det finns olika uppfattningar om vad en god död innebär, utifrån patientens, närståendes och vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Syftet med litteraturstudien var därför att belysa kunskap om uppfattningar om en god död, för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden i en palliativ kontext. Föreliggande litteraturstudie baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att det finns gemensamma uppfattningar om en god död, men även olikheter som är betydelsefulla ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. En god död kan sammanfattas som symptomkontroll, självbestämmande, sociala relationer, självbild, syntes och samtycke. Främst var det samtal kring den existentiella dimensionen som saknades av patienterna, och de närstående önskade mer information om döendeprocessen för att kunna förbereda sig inför sin närståendes död. Palliativ vårdfilosofi syftar till att ge patienterna en helhetsvård där befrämjande av livskvalitet står i fokus, trots att döden är nära förestående. Helhetsvård var också den inriktning som framkom som den viktigaste uppfattningen om en god död ur vårdpersonalens synvinkel. En god död inom en palliativ kontext är ett forskningsområde som behöver undersökas mer, framförallt gällande de olika uppfattningar som framkommit om en god död ur olika perspektiv.</p> / <p>The palliative care aims to achieve a good and peaceful death. A good death has proven to be an unique and varied experience why the patient should have an opportunity to comment on his impending death. Research has pointed out that there are different perceptions of what a good death means, from the patients’, relatives’ and nursing staff perspectives. The purpose of this study was therefore to elucidate knowledge about perceptions of a good death, in order to improve nursing care in a palliative context. This literature review is based on 15 scientific articles. The results showed that there are common perceptions of a good death, but also differences that are important from a nursing perspective. A good death can be summarized as symptom control, autonomy, social relationships, self image, synthesis and consent. Foremost it was conversation about the existential dimension, which was missing from the patients’ perspective. From the relatives’ perspective it was more desirable with information about the dying process in order to prepare for their relatives’ death. Palliative care philosophy aims to give the patients a holistic approach, where the promotion of quality of life is the focus, despite the fact that death is imminent. Holistic care was also the approach which emerged as the main idea of a good death from the nursing staff perspective. A good death in a palliative context is a research area that needs to be investigated further, especially concerning to the different views obtained about a good death from different perspectives.</p>

Den palliativa vårdens mål är att uppnå en god och fridfull död. En god död har dock visat sig vara en individuell och varierande upplevelse varför patienten själv måste få möjlighet att uttala sig om sin förestående död. Forskning har framhållit att det finns olika uppfattningar om vad en god död innebär, utifrån patientens, närståendes och vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Syftet med litteraturstudien var därför att belysa kunskap om uppfattningar om en god död, för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden i en palliativ kontext. Föreliggande litteraturstudie baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att det finns gemensamma uppfattningar om en god död, men även olikheter som är betydelsefulla ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. En god död kan sammanfattas som symptomkontroll, självbestämmande, sociala relationer, självbild, syntes och samtycke. Främst var det samtal kring den existentiella dimensionen som saknades av patienterna, och de närstående önskade mer information om döendeprocessen för att kunna förbereda sig inför sin närståendes död. Palliativ vårdfilosofi syftar till att ge patienterna en helhetsvård där befrämjande av livskvalitet står i fokus, trots att döden är nära förestående. Helhetsvård var också den inriktning som framkom som den viktigaste uppfattningen om en god död ur vårdpersonalens synvinkel. En god död inom en palliativ kontext är ett forskningsområde som behöver undersökas mer, framförallt gällande de olika uppfattningar som framkommit om en god död ur olika perspektiv. / The palliative care aims to achieve a good and peaceful death. A good death has proven to be an unique and varied experience why the patient should have an opportunity to comment on his impending death. Research has pointed out that there are different perceptions of what a good death means, from the patients’, relatives’ and nursing staff perspectives. The purpose of this study was therefore to elucidate knowledge about perceptions of a good death, in order to improve nursing care in a palliative context. This literature review is based on 15 scientific articles. The results showed that there are common perceptions of a good death, but also differences that are important from a nursing perspective. A good death can be summarized as symptom control, autonomy, social relationships, self image, synthesis and consent. Foremost it was conversation about the existential dimension, which was missing from the patients’ perspective. From the relatives’ perspective it was more desirable with information about the dying process in order to prepare for their relatives’ death. Palliative care philosophy aims to give the patients a holistic approach, where the promotion of quality of life is the focus, despite the fact that death is imminent. Holistic care was also the approach which emerged as the main idea of a good death from the nursing staff perspective. A good death in a palliative context is a research area that needs to be investigated further, especially concerning to the different views obtained about a good death from different perspectives.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Not available / text