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Chiral and toxicological aspects of citalopram : an experimental study in rats /Kugelberg, Fredrik C., January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder : definitions of attractiveness among african american and caucasion women /Davis, Dawnavan Scott. Scott Davis, Dawnavan. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).
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Impact of a multidimensional weight-management programme on the weight status and associated factors of first-year female studentsCilliers, Janetta 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc Nutrition Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: First-year female students (FYFS), studying at the University of Stellenbosch were previously identified
as a high-risk group for gaining weight. A four-year follow-up of these female students indicated that a
large percentage experience weight fluctuations throughout their university careers. The unique weight
management needs of the FYFS were also identified in the longitudinal study. The integration of these
results with an extensive search and assessment of the weight management literature led to the
development of a multidimensional weight-management paradigm for application in the development of
weight-management interventions for female students. Subsequently, a self-help weight-management
manual, which follows the multidimensional approach proposed in the mentioned paradigm, was
developed to address the unique weight-management needs of female students.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the multidimensional self-help weightmanagement
manual (the Manual) on the weight status and associated factors of FYFS at the University
of Stellenbosch over an eight-month period. For this purpose a non-randomized quasi-experimental
design was used, including purposively selected experimental and control groups. Data were obtained
during February (Baseline), May (three months after baseline = Follow-up I) and October 2002 (eight
months after baseline = Follow-up 2). All students in the experimental group received the Manual at
Baseline for use during the eight-month study period. Because this was a low-intensity intervention
programme, no further contact was made with either group during the study period, except when Followup
I data were obtained. Measures that were taken and instruments that were completed include the
following: weight, height, triceps skinfoid, mid-upper ann circumference, hip circumference, waist
circumference, Adolescent Self-Concept Scale (self-concept), Body Shape Questionnaire (body shape
concerns), Eating Attitudes Test (eating attitudes and behaviours), General Health Questionnaire (general
psychological well-being), 90-item Semi-quantified Food Frequency Questionnaire (dietary intake from
nine food groups), and the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity (physical activity).
Additional questions on weight related perceptions and practices, dissatisfaction with body parts, reasons
for eating and socio-demographic factors were also included.
The Baseline characteristics of the FYFS involved in this study, which did not differ between the
experimental and control groups for all key variables, identified them as a typical group of young female
adults who are healthy but are not realistic about their weight status and who experience numerous
problems related to their weight status.
The implementation of the Manual was found to be significantly effective in limiting weight gain among
the FYFS in the experimental group. The control group experienced almost a full unit increase in BMI
(0.93 kg/m²), while the increase found for experimental group was 0.53 kg/m² (p=0.004). Although the
weight of both groups increased initially the experimental group went on to lose weight, while the control
group continued to gain weight during the last five months of the intervention. The impact of the Manual is further illustrated by the fact that the FYFS in the experimental group who indicated that they did Lise
the Manual extensively experienced a significantly lower rise in their weight (change in BMI over study
period = 0.37 kg/m²) than those in the experimental group who indicated that they did not use the Manual
(change in BMI over study period = 0.89 kg/m²). Factors that are possibly linked to the success attained
with the Manual were identified and include more reasonable weight goals; the use of sound weightreduction
methods such as a balanced diet and physical activity; improvements in self-concept;
maintenance of physical activity levels, especially during the first three months at university;
improvement in general psychological well-being; decreased intake of foods from the "other" (includes
mainly high fat, sugar based foods such as doughnuts, cookies, cake, tart), beverage and grains food
groups; and possibly less concerns with body shape from the start. Factors for which no link with weight
management success could be established include changes in body composition; perceptions of own
weight; weight loss attempts; foods from the vegetables, fruit, milk and cheese, meat, fish and chicken,
fats and fast foods food groups; physical activity over the total eight-month period; reasons for eating;
eating attitudes and behaviour; dissatisfaction with body parts; and body shape concerns. It is
recommended that the implementation of the Manual on the campus of the University of Stellenbosch to
prevent weight gain of FYFS should be considered, bearing in mind some of the recommendations
formulated by the FYFS in the experimental group. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eerstejaar damestudente wat aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch studeer is voorheen geïdentifiseer as 'n
hoë risiko groep vir gewigstoename. 'n Vier-jaar opvolg van hierdie damestudente het aangedui dat 'n
groot persentasie vir die duur van hul universiteitsloopbane gewigsfluktuasies ondervind. Die unieke
gewigshanteringsbehoeftes van die eerstejaar damestudente is ook tydens die longitudinale studie
geïdentifiseer. Die integrasie van hierdie resultate met 'n uitgebreide soektog en ontleding van die
literatuur wat betrekking het op gewigshantering het aanleiding gegee tot die ontwikkeling van 'n
multidimensionele gewigshanteringsparadigma wat gebruik kan word tydens die ontwikkeling van
gewigshanteringsintervensies vir damestudente. As 'n volgende stap is 'n self-help gewigshanterings
handleiding, wat die multidimensionele benadering voorgestel in die genoemde paradigma volg,
ontwikkelom die unieke gewigshanteringsbehoeftes van damestudente aan te spreek.
Die doel van die huidige studie was om die impak van die multidimensionele self-help
gewigshanteringshandleiding (die Handleiding) op die gewigstatus en geassosieerde faktore van
eerstejaar damestudente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch oor 'n tydperk van agt maande, te evalueer.
Vir hierdie doeleinde is 'n nie-gerandomiseerde kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp gebruik, wat doelbewus
geselekteerde eksperimentele en kontrole groepe ingesluit het. Data is gedurende Februarie (Basislyn),
Mei (drie maande na basislyn = Opvolg-I) en Oktober (agt maande na basislyn = Opvolg-2) 2002
versamel. Alle studente in die eksperimentele group het die Handleiding tydens Basislyn ontvang vir
gebruik tydens die agt maande studieperiode. Omdat dit 'n lae-intensiteit intervensie program was, is
geen verdere kontak gedurende die studieperiode met beide die groepe gemaak nie, behalwe tydens die
versameling van Opvolg-I data. Metings wat geneem is en instrumente wat voltooi is, sluit die volgende
in: gewig, lengte, triseps velvou, mid-bo-armomtrek, heupomtrek, middelomtrek, "Adolescent Self-
Concept Scale" (self-konsep), "Body Shape Questionnaire" (besorgdheid oor liggaamsvorm), "Eating
Attitudes Test" (eetgedrag en -houding), "General Health Questionnaire" (algemene sielkundige
welstand), 90-item semi-gekwantifiseerde voedselfrekwensievraelys (dieetinname van nege
voedselgroepe), en die "Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity" (fisieke aktiwiteit).
Addisionele vrae aangaande gewigsverwante persepsies en praktyke, ontevredenheid met liggaamsdele,
redes vir eet en sosio-demografiese faktore is ook ingesluit.
Die Basislyn eienskappe van die eerstejaar damesstudente wat aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het, het nie
tussen die eksperimentele en kontrole groepe vir alle sleutelveranderlikes verskil nie. Hierdie inligting
het ook daarop gedui dat die studente 'n tipiese groep jong vroulike volwassenes is wat gesond is maar,
onrealisties is oor hul gewigstatus en baie gewigstatusverwante probleme ondervind.
Die resultate toon dat die implementering van die Handleiding beduidend effektief was om die
gewigstoename by eerstejaar damestudente in die eksperimentele groep te beperk. Die gewig van die
kontrole groep het byna 'n volle LMI eenheid (0.93 kg/m²) toegeneem terwyl die toename vir die eksperimentele groep 0.53 kg/m² was. Alhoewel die gewig van beide groepe aanvanklik toegeneem het,
het die eksperimentele groep daarna gewig verloor terwyl die kontrole groep se gewig gedurende die
laaste vyf maande van die intervensie verder toegeneem het. Die impak van die Handleiding word verder
geïllustreer deur die feit dat die eerstejaar damesstudente in die eksperimentele groep wat aangedui het
dat hul wel die Handleiding ekstensief gebruik het, 'n beduidend laer toename in gewig (LMI verandering
gedurende studieperiode = 0.37 kg/m²) ondervind het as die studente in die eksperimentele groep wat
aangedui het dat hul nie die Handleiding gebruik het nie (LMI verandering gedurende studieperiode =
0.89 kg/m²). Faktore wat moontlik gekoppel kan word aan die sukses verkry met die Handleiding is
geïdentifiseer en sluit die volgende in: meer redelike gewigsdoelwitte; die gebruik van veilige
gewigsverlies metodes soos 'n gebalanseerde dieet and fisieke aktiwiteit; verbetering van self-konsep;
handhawing van fisieke aktiwiteitsvlakke, veral gedurende die eerste drie maande op universiteit;
verbetering van algemene sielkundige welstand; verlaagde inname van voedsel van die "ander-" (sluit
hoofsaaklik hoë vet, suiker gebasseerde voedsels soos oliebolle, koekies en tert in), drankies- en graanvoedselgroepe;
en moontlik minder besorgdheid oor liggaamsvorm van die begin af. Faktore waarvoor
geen verband met sukses met gewigshantering gevind is nie sluit die volgende in: liggaamsamestelling;
persepsies van gewig; gewigsverliespogings; voedselinname uit die groente-, vrugte-, melk en kaas-,
vleis, vis en hoender-, vette- en kitskosse-voedselgroepe; fisieke aktiwiteit gedurende die totale agtmaande
periode; redes vir eet; eetgedrag en -houding; ontevredenheid met liggaamsdele; en besorgdheid
oor liggaamsvorm. Dit word aanbeveel dat die implementasie van die Handleiding op die kampus van die
Univérsiteit van Stellenbosch oorweeg word om gewigstoename van eerstejaar damesstudente te
voorkom. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat die aanbevelings van die studente in die eksperimentele groep in
hierdie verband, in ag geneem moet word.
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Efficacité et toxicité de l'eugénol administré à des doses anesthésiantes chez des grenouilles Xenopus laevisGoulet, Félix 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Motorická výkonnost dětí ve věku 13 a 15 let / The motor performance of children aged between 13 and 15 yearsDĚKANOVÁ, Jolana January 2015 (has links)
The aim of the thesis was to determine the four selected body measurements (body height , body weight , chest circumference , waist circumference) , measuring 3 functional tests (spirometry, dynamometry, Ruffini test) and an assessment of the level of motor skills for boys and girls aged between 13 and 15 years who fall into the general population of predolescence and adolescence school age . Using standard methods somatometric were selected 34 boys aged 13, 34 boys aged 15, 34 girls aged 13 and girls aged 34 to 15 years. The selected parameters were monitored: body length, weight, chest circumference and waist. The research findings also motoric performance of boys and girls aged between 13 and 15 years. Motor performance was tested by 14 motor tests. All this research was conducted at elementary and secondary schools in the South Bohemia Data were recorded in a previously prepared data sheets and were then statistically analyzed and processed in tables and graphs. All obtained data were compared with the results of earlier studies and may serve as reference materials for other researches. Furthermore, function tests were included in the results of the selected in this thesis (spirometry, dynamometry and Ruffini test). These functional tests are aimed primarily at first assessment of fitness of the respiratory and circulatory system in this age group.
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Vyhodnocení hmotnosti zvěře ulovené ve vybraných honitbách Konstantinolázeňska / Evaluation of mass game hunted in selected hunting grounds in the area of Konstantinovy lázněPOKORNÝ, Radek January 2017 (has links)
Free-ranging population of sika deer, roe deer and wild board in micro-region "Konstantinolázeňsko" in Czech Republic, has been determining dressed body weight, whole body weight, weight of head, weight of limb and weight of internal organs (heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys). The correlation between all weights was calculated. During the research was determined mean weight between whole body and dressed body. In this study the dressed mean weight of sika deer was 74,03 % of the whole mean weight. For wild board the mean dressed weight was about 78,56% of the whole weight and for roe deer mean it was about 76,66% of the whole weight. Obtain weight has been statistically analyzing of ages, sexuality, seasonal variation. For both sexuality of wild board was statically proven that body weight is increasing with age. For sika deer calfs was statically proven that body weight was higher if the calf was shoot after 15. 1. then cals was shoot before. For sika deer with out age difference was statically proven that sika males had higher body weight than sika females. Other types of statistics are listed in the document.
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Vybrané somatické znaky a motorická výkonnost chlapců ve věku 13 a 15 let / Selected somatic signs and motor performance of boys aged 13 and 15 years oldŠVEJDOVÁ, Petra January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to describe the evolution of body size, level of motor and physical skills of children aged 13 and 15 years. The research was carried out in primary schools in the South Bohemian Region. The results were processed for each age group separately, they were compared with the reference files and are presented in tables and graphs. To compare the files, there was used Student´s T-test and Z-score. The boys also filled in a questionnaire in which they answered how often in sports and what sports they pursue. A similar questionnaire was presented to their parents. Questionnaires were also focused on diet and nutrition.
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Padrões de consumo alimentar e índice de massa corporal nas regiões nordeste e sudeste do Brasil / Patterns of food consumption and body mass index in the northeastern and southeastern regions of BrazilJoelma Ferreira Gomes Castro 06 August 2001 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo avaliou os padrões de consumo alimentar entre adultos brasileiros e a sua associação com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Em 1996/1997, o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), coletou dados antropométricos, de consumo alimentar e socioeconômicos de 9351 indivíduos entre 20 e 60 anos, moradores das áreas urbanas e rurais das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Através da análise de componentes principais foram identificados os padrões de consumo alimentar. A associação entre os padrões de consumo alimentar e o IMC foi avaliado através de regressão linear. A prevalência de obesidade (IMC >= 30 kg/rn2) foi de 2,7% entre homens moradores das áreas rurais e em torno de 8,0% para os moradores da área urbana, em ambas as regiões. Entre as mulheres, esta prevalência na área rural foi de 6,5% no Nordeste, 14,3% no Sudeste e em torno de 12% nas áreas urbanas. A prevalência de sobrepeso (IMC>= 25 kg/m2) na área rural foi, aproximadamente, 20,0%para o sexo masculino e 24,0% para o sexo feminino, ficando ao redor de 30% nas áreas urbanas. Identificou-se três padrões de consumo: o padrão 1 (misto), com o consumo de quase todos os alimentos, o padrão 2, um padrão a base de arroz, farinha e feijão, composição característica da dieta tradicional do brasileiro, e o padrão 3, onde poucos alimentos explicaram a variação de consumo, contudo, estes alimentos variaram nas quatro áreas. Ajustando-se para idade, renda, escolaridade e atividade física, o padrão misto associou-se positivamente com o IMC (p<0,003), exceto no Sudeste rural (p=016). A dieta tradicional no Sudeste rural (p=0,007) e o padrão 3, composto por tubérculos, farinha e carne, no Nordeste urbano (p=O,0004), associaram-se negativamente com o IMC. Concluiu-se que o padrão misto se associou positivamente ao IMC, sugerindo que o consumo calórico total, mais do que o padrão da dieta, explicaria o aumento da obesidade observado no Brasil.
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Análise de duas propostas para a reabilitação da marcha em indivíduos portadores de sequelas neurológicas crônicasSantos, Fernanda Romaguera Pereira dos 10 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
3132.pdf: 3107997 bytes, checksum: 1b931ab55a545210b8e98eae0eee3ce1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-05-10 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This work is composed of three distinct studies. In the first one, we compared the muscle coactivation of tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocunemius medialis (GM) during quiet stance and the also during the stance phase of gait in hemiparetic subjects (hemiparetic group, HG, n=12) and in subjects with no neurologic injuries (control group, CG, n=10). We evaluated the TA and GM electromyographic signal and calculated their overlapping ratio (OR). We concluded that these individuals do not present significant coactivation alterations in the stance phase of gait, but in quiet stance they seem to use the coactivation of the non-paretic limb to maintain postural stability. In the second study we investigated the effects of the association of treadmill training with body weight support (TTBWS) associated with strength training of ankle muscles on the motor control in chronic hemiparetic subjects. Fifteen volunteers were distributed into 2 treatment groups: 1) TTBWS (G1; n=7); and 2) TTBWS associated with resistance training for dorsi and plantar flexors (G2; n=8). We evaluated muscle performance of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in an isokinetic dynamometer through peak torque (PT), total work (TW) and acceleration time (AT) at the speeds of 60°/s and 120°/s. For gait analysis we assessed the ground reaction forces (GRF). There was an increase in PT and TT of plantar flexion at 60°/s in the paretic side, and an increase in the positive peak of the anterior-posterior GRF component in both sides of G2. We suggested that the proposed intervention leads to improvements in the components related to propulsion of gait. In the third study, we evaluated the effect of the robot assisted gait training (RAGT) in children with spastic diplegia. Twenty children (12 male, 5-13 years old) were evaluated for functional outcomes and spatial-temporal patterns of gait before, after and 3 months after the end of the intervention. Comparisons revealed significant improvements on functional outcomes and in gait mechanics. We concluded that RAGT promotes better gait patterns, and that the learning of this new task is retained even after the end of the intervention. / Este trabalho é composto por três estudos distintos. Inicialmente comparamos a coativação dos músculos tibial anterior (TA) e gastrocnêmio medial (GM) em postura ortostática e durante a fase de apoio da marcha de indivíduos hemiparéticos (grupo hemiparético, GH; n = 12) e de indivíduos sem lesões neurológicas (grupo controle, GC; n = 10). Avaliamos o sinal eletromiográfico do TA e do GM e calculamos a taxa de sobreposição dos mesmos (ICoa). Em atividade estática observamos maior ICoa no membro não parético do GH quando comparado com o membro dominante do GC. Concluímos que hemiparéticos não apresentam alterações significativas da coativação na fase de apoio da marcha, mas em atividade estática parecem utilizar o aumento da coativação do lado não parético para a manutenção da estabilidade. No segundo estudo investigamos os efeitos da associação do treino de marcha em esteira com suporte parcial do peso corporal (TMESPP) ao treinamento de força para a musculatura do tornozelo sobre o controle motor em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos. Quinze voluntários foram distribuídos em 2 grupos de tratamento: 1) TMESPP (G1; n=7) e 2) TMESPP associado ao fortalecimento da musculatura do tornozelo (G2; n=8). Avaliamos o desempenho muscular nos movimentos de plantiflexão e dorsiflexão em dinamômetro isocinético nas velocidades de 60°/s e 120°/s, através dos valores de pico de torque (PT), trabalho total (TT) e tempo de aceleração (TA). Para avaliação da marcha analisamos as forças de reação do solo (FRS). Houve aumento do PT e do TT da plantiflexão a 60°/s do lado parético, e aumento dos picos positivos do componente ântero-posterior das FRS em ambos os lados do G2. Sugerimos que a intervenção proposta provoca melhora nos componentes da propulsão da marcha. O terceiro estudo avaliou o efeito do treino de marcha assistido por robô (TMAR) em 20 crianças com diparesia espástica (12 sexo masculino, 5-13 anos). Avaliamos medidas funcionais e padrões espaço-temporais da marcha antes, após e três meses depois do término da intervenção. As comparações revelaram melhora significativa nas medidas funcionais e na mecânica da marcha. Concluímos que o TMAR promove melhoras nos padrões da marcha, e que a aprendizagem dessa nova tarefa é retida mesmo após a interrupção do treino.
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Efeito da dieta hiperlipídica e da tintura de Valeriana officinalis no modelo crônico de discinesia orofacial induzida por haloperidol em ratos / Effect of high fat diet and of Valeriana officinalis tincture on the chronic model of orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in ratsFachinetto, Roselei 30 October 2006 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia (OD) is a putative animal model of tardive dyskinesia (TD) whose pathophysiology has been related to an increase in dopamine
turnover, reduction in gabaergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress. Schizophrenic patients have been reported to eat a diet higher in fat than the general population and dietary fat intake can lead to an increase in oxidative stress in animal models. Thus, the first objective of this study was to determine if the association of high fat diet ingestion with prolonged haloperidol treatment could alter the OD and lead to oxidative stress in the rat brain (article 1). Haloperidol decanoate administration (38 mg/kg, which is equivalent
1mg/kg/day) monthly for a period of 6 months to rats fed previously with a HF diet caused an increase in OD. Furthermore, haloperidol caused an increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation in striatum and substantia nigra only in rats fed with the HF diet. Another objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of V. officinalis (1% administered in the drink water) in the animal model of OD induced by long-term treatment with haloperidol (article 2). V. officinalis has been widely used to treat insomnia since it posses GABAmimetic and antioxidant properties. Concomitant treatment with V. officinalis did not modify the intensity or prevalence of OD. We did not find any statistical differences among the groups when oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. On the other hand, haloperidol treatment significantly decreased [3H]-dopamine uptake in slices from striatum of rats, an effect unaltered by V. officinalis. The treatment with V. officinalis reduced the locomotor activity in the open field and increased the time spent on open arm in the plus maze test, confirming the anxiolitic effect of V. fficinalis. Taken together, these results indicate that a high fat diet caused a transitory increase in haloperidol-induced OD in rats and this, at least in part, can be related to the haloperidol-induced oxidative stress in brain structures. Our data also suggest that the reduction in dopamine transport can be a possible mechanism
related to the maintenance of chronic OD in rats feeding NF diet. Finally, V. officinalis seems not to be efficacious in the reduction of OD in rats. / A discinesia orofacial (DO) induzida por haloperidol consiste num modelo de discinesia tardia (DT) cuja patofisiologia tem sido relacionada a um aumento na renovação de dopamina, à redução na neurotransmissão gabaérgica e ao estresse oxidativo. Existem relatos de que pacientes esquizofrênicos ingerem uma maior quantidade de gordura na dieta
do que a população em geral e o aumento da ingestão de gordura pode levar a um aumento do estresse oxidativo em modelos animais. Assim, um primeiro objetivo deste estudo foi
determinar se a associação de ingestão de dieta rica em gordura concomitante ao tratamento prolongado com haloperidol poderia alterar a DO e levar ao estresse oxidativo em cérebro de ratos (artigo 1). A administração de decanoato de haloperidol (38 mg/kg, equivalente a 1mg/kg/dia) mensalmente, por um período de 6 meses, a ratos previamente alimentados com dietas normolipídica (NL) e hiperlipídica (HL) causou um aumento na DO. Além
disso, o haloperidol causou um aumento nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica em estriado e substantia nigra somente em ratos ingerindo dieta HL. Um outro objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da V. officinalis (administrada na água de beber na proporção de 1mL de tintura de raíz para 100mL de água) no modelo animal de DO induzido por tratamento
prolongado com haloperidol (artigo 2). A V. officinalis tem sido largamente utilizada para o tratamento de insônia possuindo propriedades GABA-miméticas e antioxidantes. O tratamento concomitante com V. officinalis não modificou a intensidade ou a prevalência da DO. Além disto, não encontramos nenhuma diferença estatística entre os grupos quando os
parâmetros de estresse oxidativo foram avaliados. Por outro lado, o tratamento com haloperidol reduziu significativamente a captação de [3H]-dopamina em fatias de estriado
de ratos, um efeito inalterado pela V. officinalis. O tratamento com V. officinalis reduziu a atividade locomotora no campo aberto e aumentou o tempo de permanência no braço aberto
do labirinto em cruz elevado, o que confirma o efeito ansiolítico da V. officinalis. Em conjunto, estes resultados indicam que a dieta rica em gordura causou um aumento
transitório da DO induzida por haloperidol em ratos o que pode, em parte, ser relacionado ao estresse oxidativo induzido por haloperidol em estruturas do cérebro envolvidas com a
DO. Nossos dados também sugerem que a redução no transporte de dopamina pode ser um possível mecanismo relacionado à manutenção da DO crônica em ratos ingerindo dieta NL. Além disso, a V. officinalis parece não ser eficaz na redução da DO em ratos.
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