No description available.

No description available.

Athenian painted pottery from the late Archaic and early Classical period frequently depicts images of the symposion, a popular ancient Greek drinking banquet which played an important role in ancient Athenian society. Some of these depictions include images of Eastern foreigners alongside Athenian symposiasts, identified by clothing associated with ethnic groups from ancient Mesopotamia and regions around the Black Sea. Traditionally, scholars have accepted these images as literal depictions of Eastern foreigners in the symposion or as representations of a symposiarch's authority. However, a closer look at these images and their role in the symposion suggests a different interpretation of the Eastern figures. This thesis analyzes how images were perceived by viewers at the time in the social context of the symposion and how Athenian iconography of Eastern foreigners overlapped to create a generalized "Otherness" in the Athenian imagination. In this context, the common activities and images of the symposion reinforced a shared identity among the participants, using ancient Greek pottery to present the Eastern Other as an example of poor symposion behavior, thus associating Athenian identity with proper symposion behavior. / Master of Arts / During the 6th and early 5th centuries BCE, painted pottery in ancient Athens frequently depicted images of the symposion, a type of drinking banquet popular in Athens during the period. Some images of this drinking party depict images of Eastern foreigners alongside Greek banqueters, identified by clothing associated with ethnic groups from ancient Mesopotamia and regions around the Black Sea. Traditionally, scholars have accepted these images as literal depictions of Eastern foreigners in the drinking banquet. However, a closer look at these images and how they were understood by Athenian audiences suggests a different interpretation of the Eastern figures. This thesis analyzes how images were perceived by viewers at the time and how other images of Eastern foreigners on Athenian painted pottery created stereotypes of these groups in the Athenian imagination. In this context, the activities of the symposion drinking banquet and the images which depict it associate Eastern foreigners with poor drinking behavior to associate Athenians with proper drinking behavior by contrast.

Recent discoveries near the village of Nea Agathoupoli, in Pieria, Greece have revealed the remains of an ancient town, identifiable with the ancient town of Methone, a putative Eretrian colony founded, according to Plutarch, in ca. 733 BC. From the material excavated so far, the town’s zenith was in the Late Geometric and Archaic periods, well documented by the high amounts of imports from all regions of the ancient world, especially by imported transport vessels. The significant percentage of transport amphorae in comparison to that of fine pottery strongly indicates the settlement's commercial character and suggests that Methone was operating as a redistribution centre which supplied Macedonia's hinterland with goods. This study is based on unpublished pottery analyzed here, for the first time. Among the regions, whose products are most popular in Methone are Chios and Athens, although more Eastern Greek towns such as Samos and Miletus had trading relations with Methone, too. Settlers from the these regions may have established themselves in Methone, but the initiative for the foundation of the town was, most probably, taken by Euboeans, whose activity in the Northern Aegean, in the Geometric period, was strong. Alongside the abundant imported vessels, a large amount of locally made transport vessels was unearthed. These early archaic amphora types (early 6^th century BC), which have also been found in other sites in the Northern Aegean and possibly Northern Ionia, have been known in literature by my study. The discovery of these local transport vessels reveals participation by the local population in trading transactions and manufacture of a product which was packaged and circulated among the Northern Aegean towns. A mixed cultural environment starts to form in archaic Methone and includes Euboeans, Eastern Greeks, local Thracians and others, including Macedonian neighbours. Having emerged as the most powerful military force of the area, the Macedonians residing in nearby Bottiaia, constantly expanding, were, arguably, involved in the commercial activities at Methone. This study suggests that because of Methone's geographical location and proximity to the capital of the Macedonian kingdom, Aigai (modern Vergina), Methone functioned as the capital's face to the sea, as the royal harbour of Macedonia, until it was destroyed by Philip II, in 354 BC when all activities related to trade moved to neighbouring Pydna. Methone's finds together with other Northern Aegean settlements mentioned in this study reveal how important, even indispensable, this part of the ancient world was to the commercial networks of the archaic Mediterranean. The Northern Aegean is, therefore, not only well integrated into networks connecting southern and Eastern Greece, Egypt and the Levantine coast, but constitutes a vital part of them from the 8^th century BC, onwards.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise da representação da prostituição feminina e seus principais temas na poesia mélica e jâmbica grega arcaica e tardo-arcaica. As categorias com as quais se denominavam as prostitutas na Grécia antiga eram pórn&#275 e hetera, mas apesar de haver menções explícitas à pórnē na poesia arcaica e tardo-arcaica, não as há a respeito da hetera - referenciada em sentido relativo à prostituição a partir da época clássica , e essa ausência é um dos principais aspectos abordados ao longo deste estudo. É apresentada a tradução e análise de quatorze fragmentos de quatro poetas mélicos - Alceu, Safo, Anacreonte e Píndaro - e dois jâmbicos - Arquíloco e Hipônax. / The aim of this study is to analyze the representation of female prostitution and related topics on Greek early and late archaic melic poetry and iambus. The categories by which prostitutes were identified in Ancient Greece were pórn&#275 and hetaira, and although pórn&#275 is explicitly mentioned in early and late archaic poetry, hetaira is not - this term is first used with regards to prostitution in the classic period -, and this is one of the leading questions treated throughout this work. Fourteen fragments from four melic poets - Alcaeus, Sappho, Anacreon and Pindar - and two iambic poets Archilochus and Hipponax - have been considered for the purpose of this thesis.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma introdução histórica ao período Orientalizante, no qual se insere a produção de vasos de estilo proto-Coríntio (séc. VIII-VI a.C.), seguida de uma breve exposição do desenvolvimento deste estilo durante o geométrico, antigo, médio e recente. Tem como principal objetivo estudar os vasos proto-coríntios encontrados em vários locais da Grécia arcaica. Deste modo, a par de uma bibliografia fundamental, elaborei inicialmente um modelo de corpus documental que se ampliou no decorrer da pesquisa. Pretende estabelecer uma classificação e uma cronologia destes vasos proto-coríntios, comparando-os com alguns exemplares de referência, assim como proceder a uma pesquisa iconográfica a partir da decoração destes exemplares. / Abundantly manufactured from VIII to VI b.C. Corinthian pottery has an unique role to the Archaeology of archaic period. As for its diffusion on entire Mediterranean sea, as for its recapture and assimilation of stylistics foreign elements Protocorinthian pottery has stimulated, for some time, an avid interest on researchers, who see on it a singular instrument to comprehend the ancient world. By using this artistical and cultural world as background, I have developed a Master degree at MAE/USP focusing on the construction of a vases corpus to study the classification, chronology and iconography of Protocorinthian vases. Obviously, to this purpose, it has been necessary to approach such pottery within its historical and methodological meanings.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_sr_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4805333 bytes, checksum: eeab28892c41e35b44cd46e926e0145b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Dans ce travail, on a eu le dessein d’ analyser l' évolution des signifiés de quelques suffixes latins (érudits) utilisés en portugais archaïque et qui présentent une contrepartie populaire. D’abord, on a repassé l'Histoire, l'origine, les périodes et les sous-périodes de la Langue Portugaise, ainsi que les textes principaux de la phase archaïque du Portugais. À propos des suffixes - objet spécifique de ce travail - on a fait une révision générale de la littérature existante à ce sujet, suivant l’ordre chronologique ascendante et tout en prenant comme point de départ l'avis de quelques philologues et grammairiens éminents de L´Histoire de la Langue (Carolina Michäelis de Vasconcelos (1946), José Joaquim Nunes (1989), Manuel de Said Ali (1931 e 1964), Joseph Hüber (1986 [1933]), Theodoro Maurer Jr. (1951), José Leite de Vasconcelos (1959), Sousa da Silveira (1960)), des grammariens normatifs (Fernão de Oliveira (1975 [1536]), Júlio Ribeiro (1913 [1881]), João Ribeiro (1926 [1901]), Gladstone Chaves de Melo (1978), Cunha e Cintra (1985), Evanildo Bechara (1999) et des linguistes – structuralistes / générativistes – (Joaquim Mattoso Camara Jr. (1979 et 1980), Margarida Basílio (1980 et 2004), Cacilda de Oliveira Camargo (1986), Antônio José Sandmann (1991 et 1992), Valter Khedi (2005), Graça Maria de Oliveira et Silva Rio-Torto (1993 et 2006), Luiz Carlos de Assis Rocha (1998), Alina Villalva (2000), Margarita Correia (2004), Margarita Correia & Lucia San Payo de Lemos (2005) et Soledad Varela Ortega (2005)). À partir d’ un corpus de textes extraits de 20 oeuvres, organisé par nous, les paires de suffixes suivantes ont été sélectionnées: –ato x –ado; –ático X – adego; –bil x –vel;–ense x –ês; –ario x –eiro;–(t)orio ~ –(s)orio x –(d)oiro e – (t)ura ~ –(s)ura ~ –(d)ura x –ura. Il y a des suffixes qui... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci-dessous) / Pretendeu-se, neste trabalho, analisar a evolução dos significados de alguns sufixos latinos (eruditos) utilizados, em Português arcaico, que apresentam uma contraparte popular. Inicialmente, foram revistos a História, a origem, os períodos e sub-períodos do Português, assim como os textos principais de sua fase arcaica. Em relação aos sufixos, objeto específico deste trabalho, faz-se uma revisão geral, em ordem cronológica ascendente, da literatura existente a esse respeito, tomando-se por base a opinião de alguns eminentes filólogos e gramáticos da História da Língua (Carolina Michäelis de Vasconcelos (1946), José Joaquim Nunes (1989), Manuel de Said Ali (1931 e 1964), Joseph Hüber (1986 [1933]), Theodoro Maurer Jr. (1951), José Leite de Vasconcelos (1959), Sousa da Silveira (1960)), gramáticos normativos (Fernão de Oliveira (1975 [1536]), Júlio Ribeiro (1913 [1881]), João Ribeiro (1926 [1901]), Gladstone Chaves de Melo (1978), Cunha e Cintra (1985), Evanildo Bechara (1999) e lingüistas – estruturalistas / gerativistas – (Joaquim Mattoso Camara Jr. (1979 e 1980), Margarida Basílio (1980 e 2004), Cacilda de Oliveira Camargo (1986), Antônio José Sandmann (1991 e 1992), Valter Khedi (2005), Graça Maria de Oliveira e Silva Rio-Torto (1993 e 2006), Luiz Carlos de Assis Rocha (1998), Alina Villalva (2000), Margarita Correia (2004), Margarita Correia & Lucia San Payo de Lemos (2005) e Soledad Varela Ortega (2005)). A partir de um corpus elaborado por nós, baseado em 20 obras, foram selecionados os seguintes pares de sufixos: –ato x – ado; –ático X –adego; –bil x –vel;–ense x –ês; –ario x –eiro;–(t)orio ~ –(s)orio x –(d)oiro e –(t)ura ~ –(s)ura ~ –(d)ura x –ura. Há sufixos com grande, média e baixa produtividades. Muitos deles vão ganhando, ao longo dos séculos, novos significados; outros, entretanto, mantém aqueles já presentes em Latim. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development of the meaning of some erudite latin suffixes used in Archaic Portuguese which have a popular counterpart. Firstly, the history, the origin, the periods and subperiods of Brazilian Portuguese have been revised, as well as the main texts of its archaic period. A general review of the literature on suffixes, the specific object of this work, has been done in ascendant chronological order taking as its basis the opinion of some most eminent philologists and grammarians of the History of Language such as (Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos (1946), José Joaquim Nunes (1989), Manuel de Said Ali (1931 and 1964), Joseph Hüber (1986 [1933]), Theodoro Maurer Jr. (1951), José Leite de Vasconcelos (1959), Sousa da Silveira (1960)); normative grammarians such as (Fernão de Oliveira (1975 [1536]), Júlio Ribeiro (1913 [1881]), João Ribeiro (1926 [1901]), Gladstone Chaves de Melo (1978), Cunha & Cintra (1985), Evanildo Bechara (1999); and structuralist/gerativist linguists such as (Joaquim Mattoso Camara Jr. (1979 and 1980), Margarida Basílio (1980 and 2004), Cacilda de Oliveira Camargo (1986), Antônio José Sandmann (1991 and 1992), Valter Khedi (2005), Graça Maria de Oliveira e Silva Rio-Torto (1993 and 2006), Luiz Carlos de Assis Rocha (1998), Alina Villalva (2000), Margarita Correia (2004), Margarita Correia & Lucia San Payo de Lemos (2005) and Soledad Varela Ortega (2005). The following suffix pairs which form the corpus have been selected based on 20 books: –ato x – ado; –ático X –adego; –bil x –vel;–ense x –ês; –ario x –eiro;–(t)orio ~ –(s)orio x –(d)oiro e –(t)ura ~ –(s)ura ~ –(d)ura x –ura. There are suffixes of high, medium and low productivity. Many of them acquire new meanings through the centuries; others, however, maintain the meanings used in Latin.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma introdução histórica ao período Orientalizante, no qual se insere a produção de vasos de estilo proto-Coríntio (séc. VIII-VI a.C.), seguida de uma breve exposição do desenvolvimento deste estilo durante o geométrico, antigo, médio e recente. Tem como principal objetivo estudar os vasos proto-coríntios encontrados em vários locais da Grécia arcaica. Deste modo, a par de uma bibliografia fundamental, elaborei inicialmente um modelo de corpus documental que se ampliou no decorrer da pesquisa. Pretende estabelecer uma classificação e uma cronologia destes vasos proto-coríntios, comparando-os com alguns exemplares de referência, assim como proceder a uma pesquisa iconográfica a partir da decoração destes exemplares. / Abundantly manufactured from VIII to VI b.C. Corinthian pottery has an unique role to the Archaeology of archaic period. As for its diffusion on entire Mediterranean sea, as for its recapture and assimilation of stylistics foreign elements Protocorinthian pottery has stimulated, for some time, an avid interest on researchers, who see on it a singular instrument to comprehend the ancient world. By using this artistical and cultural world as background, I have developed a Master degree at MAE/USP focusing on the construction of a vases corpus to study the classification, chronology and iconography of Protocorinthian vases. Obviously, to this purpose, it has been necessary to approach such pottery within its historical and methodological meanings.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de la « Muraille Servienne », monument fondamental pour l’investigation et la compréhension de l’Époque archaïque. Cette recherche est principalement née de la nécessité de localiser et, en même temps, de dater le plus ancien circuit des remparts de la Rome antique. Il s’agit, en effet, d’un sujet qui est encore aujourd’hui très controversé. Ce travail a permis d’obtenir des données qui confirment l'existence de l’enceinte urbaine au VIe s. av. J.-C., conformément aux sources antiques, selon lesquelles la première enceinte de Rome fut construit par le roi Servius Tullius (578-535 av. J.-C.). La fortification de l’Époque royale présente à peu près la même extension que celle républicaine (IVe s. av. J.-C. ); ce cas fut jugé inacceptable par plusieurs experts et fut souvent utilisé comme preuve pour réfuter l'existence d'une muraille continue au VIe s. av. J.-C. : ce qui reviendrait presque à nier le développement de « La grande Roma dei Tarquini » / The aim of this research is to investigate the “Servian Wall”, a fundamental monument for the study and the comprehension of the Archaic Age. The main target of this analysis is to recognize and, at the same time, to attribute a date to the earliest city-wall of Rome. Effectively, there are still several questions and unsolved problems related to these topics. This dissertation confirms the existence of the circuit walls of Rome in the VIth BC, in accordance with literary sources: the earliest city-wall, indeed, is traditionally attributed to the king Servius Tullius (578-535 BC) by ancient authors. The extension of the archaic fortification almost corresponded to those of the Republican walls (IVth century BC); this matter is considered unacceptable by different scholars, who usually exploited it as an evidence to refute the existence of a circuit wall during the VIth BC.: a theory that would deny, indirectly, the well-known development of the so called “Grande Roma dei Tarquini” / Questo lavoro è iniziato sulla base di ricerche storico-archeologicheche svolgo su Roma Antica, in special modo nel periodo compreso fra l’EtàArcaica e il primo secolo della Repubblica. Le ricerche e le scopertearcheologiche degli ultimi decenni hanno modificato radicalmente il quadrodelle conoscenze relative a questo periodo, e il presente lavoro intendeapprofondire lo studio della più antica cinta di Roma. La storia di Roma è,infatti, anche quella delle sue mura: come linea tangibile che racchiude lacittà in uno spazio predeterminato e sacralizzato, fatto che condiziona i limitidella città stessa, determinando conseguenze non solo puramente praticheed utilitarie, ma anche religiose ed istituzionali.Tale ricerca è nata principalmente da una necessità: quella diindividuare e al tempo stesso datare la prima cinta dell’Urbs. Questiargomenti, infatti, costituiscono ancora oggi un tema dibattuto, e nondefinitivamente risolto. Fra gli studiosi che si sono occupati dell’argomento, ineffetti, molti affermano l’esistenza di un circuito murario arcaico,coerentemente con quanto tramandato dalle fonti letterarie, che insistonosulla costruzione di un’opera di una cinta attribuita ai Tarquini, ed inparticolare a Servio Tullio; sarebbe questa la prima cinta di Roma, che i restiin tufo locale (cappellaccio) potranno confermare. Viceversa altri studiosinegano una fortificazione arcaica, e costoro fanno risalire la prima cinta diRoma al IV secolo a.C., unanimemente riconosciuta nei tratti in blocchi digrotta oscura, un materiale che prende il nome dalle cave di estrazione,presso la località di Grotta Oscura, situata a Nord di Roma. Anche aquest’ultima cerchia si attribuisce il nome di “Mura serviane” (pur essendo dietà repubblicana), poiché in passato veniva assimilata all’opera di Servio196Tullio citata dalle fonti, e la tradizione di questa denominazione si mantieneanche oggi.Il lavoro che qui presento “MURUS SERVII. La fase arcaica delle muradi Roma”, intende considerare l’esistenza di una cinta di età regia, in accordocon la tradizione letteraria, attraverso la documentazione di tutti i reperti incappellaccio a questa riferibili. L’approccio metodologico prevede l’analisi elo studio di tali resti, contemporaneamente all’esame delle fonti letterarie e ditutta la documentazione storico-archeologica, al fine di cercare di risolvere inmaniera definitiva la questione della datazione, e per proporre unaricostruzione del circuito murario in Età arcaica.I tratti di mura in cappellaccio sono stati studiati in manierasistematica, attraverso l’analisi dei dati disponibili: archeologici, topografici,storici e letterari; fonti d’archivio, carte archeologiche e altri tipi didocumentazione; fotografie, disegni, manoscritti etc.; esame in situ nel casodi resti accessibili.

La côte tyrrhénienne orientale occupe une place centrale dans les dynamiques d’échanges méditerranéennes. Entre 1600 et 500 av. n. è. environ, elle est occupée par des communautés solidement structurées culturellement, parmi lesquelles les Étrusques, les populations latines, les Grecs d’Occident et les communautés italiques. L’adoption d’une chronologie étendue, qui court sur plus d’un millénaire, vise à mettre en lumière les phénomènes de continuité et de ruptures dans les réseaux de communication et dans les processus d’implantation en milieu littoral. En effet, cette étude entend détailler les processus à l’œuvre dans la construction de l’espace côtier tyrrhénien, en s’attachant aux notions de choix, d’attrait, de rejet ou d’indifférence qui ont joué dans les dynamiques d’implantation sur le littoral. En établissant des schémas de référence et en étudiant la matérialité des implantations côtières, cette analyse propose donc une synthèse inédite sur les processus qui ont amené à l’occupation du littoral dès l’âge du Bronze moyen, à la mise en valeur des ressources naturelles côtières et à la création de réseaux de communication complexes, maritimes, terrestres et fluviaux. Cette étude est motivée par le fait que le littoral tyrrhénien oriental, constamment évoqué dans les travaux antérieurs, n’a jamais été étudié pour ce qu’il représente, c’est-à-dire un espace d’interface entre le domaine marin et l’espace terrestre. L’exemple le plus frappant est celui des ports préromains, qui forment les points nodaux où les réseaux maritimes entrent en contact avec les structures territoriales terrestres, et qui n’ont fait l’objet que de rares études. Ce désintérêt pour les conditions concrètes des échanges maritimes amène une véritable méconnaissance de ces points de relâche, pourtant au cœur des trafics tyrrhéniens archaïques. En appréhendant la construction de l’espace littoral tyrrhénien par le biais des réseaux qui structurent les systèmes côtiers péninsulaires et insulaires, plusieurs caractéristiques émergent, parmi lesquelles la difficulté rencontrée dans les études passées pour corréler une vision maritime et une vision terrestre des interactions. Il ressort de cette nouvelle analyse que le littoral est essentiellement tourné vers la terre, situé au cœur des relations entre des systèmes locaux et régionaux. L’arrière-plan de l’étude du littoral tyrrhénien oriental est donc prioritairement terrien et non maritime, puisque les activités côtières émanent de systèmes terrestres et que les espaces portuaires forment les débouchés maritimes de tout un arrière-pays. En se situant dans la lignée des travaux réalisés ces quarante dernières années, qui ont permis à une véritable archéologie du paysage de se développer, cette thèse adopte donc un prisme nouveau qui, sans contredire les assertions passées, modifie l’appréhension traditionnelle du littoral. / The Eastern Tyrrhenian coast held a central position in Mediterranean trade dynamics. Between circa 1600 and 500 BC, this territory was inhabited by culturally well-defined communities, namely the Etruscans, Latin and Italic populations, and Western Greeks. In adopting a broad chronological framework covering over a millennium, this thesis aims to shed light on continuity and interruption phenomena within communication networks as well as in coastal settlement processes. These latter mechanisms are indeed perceptible through notions of appeal, rejection and indifference that weighed in occupation choices of the Tyrrhenian littoral. By establishing reference templates and studying the materiality of coastal dwellings, this analysis offers an innovative synthesis of regional settlement dynamics as early as the Middle Bronze Age, with a particular emphasis on the exploitation of natural resources and the emergence of complex maritime, land and fluvial networks. Though the Eastern Tyrrhenian coast has been repeatedly mentioned in previous publications all lack a core feature regarding its coastlines and its characteristics as an interface between sea and land. Pre-Roman ports constitute a striking example; even though they are considered as crucial meeting points of maritime and land-based networks, they are barely known and studied. Past research has thus had a hard time associating maritime and land-based communication networks and has overlooked the actual parameters of maritime exchanges, leading to a poor understanding of harbors and port activities, however central they are to Archaic Tyrrhenian trades. By addressing the construction of Tyrrhenian coastal territories through the prism of networks, several insular and peninsular systems appear. Recent analysis reveals that coastal territories turn their focus towards inland networks, meaning that seaside activities emanate essentially from local and regional systems. The backdrop to Eastern Tyrrhenian coastal studies is therefore land-based above all and not maritime. This thesis positions itself within the continuity of the past forty years of research that has helped to develop a landscape archaeology framework while adopting a new prism and revising the traditional approach to the littoral without challenging past assertions.