Procter & Gamble has operated nearly 300 branded products and outsold in more than 140 nations worldwide these days. Among these products, P&G has its innovative research and developes abilities to introduce the brand new infant merchandise ¡V Pampers diapers. P&G is usually not a first mover but Pampers is the state of art product for little infants in the globe. Soon after Pampers¡¦ existence, this unique product has benefited countless mothers to nourish their little ones. In many years, Pampers has played the pioneer character and its leadership in the baby diapers market. Thus, this research study will be focused on P&G¡¦s product, Pampers, to discover P&G¡¦s first mover advantages. In the meantime, this paper will also study how much advantage first mover has in the consumer products industry, where these advantages come from, and how to maintain them. In addition, this research study will examine other unique competitiveness in Taiwan¡¦s diapers¡¦ market for infants. This research study has discovered that Pampers has several first mover advantages and they are as follows: 1. The sequence of entering a market is not necessary related to the market shares but a brand has the most effectiveness when it first enters the market 2. When this particular industry has low competiveness but high entering barriers, or when a specific product lifecycle is in the introduction stage or growing stage, the first mover has more advantages when entering this market 3. The entering sequence has effectiveness to the price elasticity, production cost, and advertisement cost. The marketing combination has higher effectiveness in the long turn market 4. In the high penetration market, the first mover has more powerful competitive advantages 5. The marketing abilities will enhance first mover¡¦s brand equity

Research shows that young children, typically developing with no developmental delays, hearing impairments or visual impairments, can acquire sign language to communicate their wants or needs prior to their ability to communicate through spoken language. However, much of the research reviewed focused on whether it was normative for young children to use signs or symbolic gestures to represent objects, make requests, or to express other wants or needs. In addition, many of the studies reviewed lacked scientific rigor and were primarily anecdotal in that much of the data relied on parent reports of his/her child's production of signs or symbolic gestures. The present study expanded upon the procedures of Thompson, McKerchar, and Dancho (2004) by teaching more complex signing repertoires using different training procedures. This study examined the acquisition of functional sign language by typically developing infants, ranging in age from 10 months to 14 months, using a training program which consisted of three components. The three components of intervention included a 30 minute group class once per week, an intensive or "booster" 1:1 session twice per week, and parent led training in the participant's home environment. During intervention a variety of concept items such as toys, pictures, books, and real objects were presented to represent the signs were utilized. A multiple baseline design across pairs of behaviors was employed to assess experimental changes in signing repertoires during the intervention conditions. All participants demonstrated zero rates of signing during baseline and showed an increase in their signing repertoires during intervention phases.

Our current LTC system is burdensome to state and federal governments, to family members, and to individuals’ pocket books; it is not expected to endure the weight of the baby boom generation. Total national spending for long-term care in 2005 was $207 billion and is only expected to rise. This study examined the LTC planning behavior of individuals of baby boom birth years (1946 to 1964), focusing on the influence of individuals’ views about whose responsibility is the provision of LTC on planning behavior. Specifically, the study has three aims: to 1) to describe the LTC planning behavior among baby boom aged adults; 2) examine baby-boom aged adults’ views on whose responsibility is the planning/provision/cost of LTC (location of responsibility); and 3) examine the influence of potential predictors of individuals’ LTC planning with specific focus on the influence of location of responsibility (LOR). Data was collected between May and August of 2009 using a mixed modes self-administered 80-item original survey via the internet and regular mail (study sample = 1,066; 1,166 responding; response rate 58%). The study population consists of benefit-eligible Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Non-Hispanic White faculty/staff born in or between the years of 1946 and 1964 from a large southwestern university. This study found overall low levels of LTC planning; however, with regard to LTCI purchase, the participation rate is good relative to the national coverage rate. The study informs us that baby-boom aged individuals as a whole believe themselves (individuals) to have a high level of responsibility for their own potential LTC needs, but also that responsibility lies with the government, employers, and adult children as well. Consistent with hypotheses, LTC awareness/avoidance predicted a higher level of extent of planning (gathering, deciding, and concretizing); worthwhileness and self-efficacy predicted LTCI purchase; and awareness, subjective norm, worthwhileness, and self-efficacy predicted LTC specific savings. Additionally, individual responsibility (negatively), female (positively), income (positively), experience (self and other; positively), LTC knowledge (positively), and Hispanic (negatively) all predicted extent of planning. Employer responsibility (positively), faculty (negatively), marital status (married; negatively), Black (positively), and medical diagnoses all predicted LTCI purchase. And, employer responsibility (positively), government responsibility (negatively), income (positively), experience-other (positively), and knowledge (positively) all predicted LTC-specific savings. Implications for practitioners, employers, program planners, and policy-makers are presented. / text

As Theatre for the Very Young (TVY) has only begun to be produced in the United States within the past 10 years, little is written about how the work is being developed and produced. This thesis serves to acknowledge the impact international TVY practice has on US work while simultaneously providing insight into development processes. This document questions: What goals, considerations and limitations exist when developing TVY? Who is currently creating TVY? How does the context for the creation of a piece influence the development process and the product? Within this thesis I examine the processes of current TVY practitioners and identity three different organizational structures where TVY is currently being created. I also cite examples from TVY development processes I have engaged in within each organizational structure. Finally, I name how engaging with and in TVY has impacted my evolution as a TVY practitioner. / text

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Over the past several decades, the senior age group has become the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States (Warner, 2011). This study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of the impacts that the increases in senior travel will have on the future transportation systems and planning efforts. The main objective of this research is to conduct an explorative analysis of the changes in senior travel behavior over the past two decades and discuss the implications of these changes to transportation planning in the future. This thesis seeks to further understanding of this topic by providing a detailed analysis and consideration of relevant contexts through a review of previous studies and the author's background in the field of transportation. Results indicate significant changes in travel behaviors and make-up of the senior population. Over the three (1990, 2001, and 2009) survey periods, senior travel changed as a result of increased activity and a need to maintain their typical way of life well into older age. As the baby boom generation continues to out travel each previous generation, there is no evidence to assume that as they reach retirement age that trend will end. Seniors today are remaining active and working well into their older age and the age group has continued to increasingly contribute to total travel. These increases will be echoed by the baby boom generation and must be considered by traffic forecasters, researcher and policy makers in the future.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka konsumentbeteendet för barnmat i Kina som i sintur ledde till identifierade faktorer som svenska företag bör ta hänsyn till när de funderar på enexpansion till Kina. På grund av säkerhetsbrister i barnmaten i Kina så finns det en ökadefterfrågan för utländsk barnmat som lett till potential för många företag. Därför har faktoreridentifierats som kan påverka hur en expansion ska gå tillväga för ett svenskt barnmatsföretagi Kina.Uppsatsen har utförts genom en mixad metodologi där en självadministrerande enkätgenomfördes i Kina riktad mot kinesiska konsumenter och en semistrukturerad intervjuutfördes med det svenska barnmatsföretaget Child Food Factory. Enkäten undersöktekonsumentbeteendet som finns för barnmat i Kina för att identifiera vilka attityder ochvärderingar som finns. Vidare undersöktes de köpvanor och behov som konsumenterna harför barnmat, samt åsikter kring utländsk barnmat och ekologiskt producerad barnmat. Densemistrukturerade intervjun undersökte det koncept som Child Food Factory har bakom sinbarnmatsprodukt och hur produkten kommer att tas emot av den kinesiska marknaden, dettadå Child Food Factory var i processen med att ta in sin barnmatsprodukt i Kina.De empiriska fynden analyserades och resultat innefattar identifierade egenskaper hos dekinesiska konsumenterna vad gäller konsumentbeteende och värderingar kring barnmat.Några av de egenskaper som identifierats är att de kinesiska konsumenterna påverkas främstav familj, vänner och släkt när det gäller inköp av barnmat och det vanligastetillvägagångssättet till inköp av barnmat är i mataffär. De ansåg också att säkerhet var detviktigaste attributet vad gäller barnmat.Vidare har också faktorer om den kinesiska marknaden för barnmat identifierats för svenskabarnmatsföretag att ta hänsyn till om de planerar en expansion till Kina. Några av de faktorersom identifierats är att ett barnmatsföretag måste ta hänsyn till sin marknadsföring så att denär anpassad till den kinesiska kulturen. Barnmatsföretagen måste också beakta det faktum attfamilj och säkerhet har stor påverkan. Vidare är en faktor också att kunna använda sig utavfördelen av att vara ett utländskt företag på ett styrkande sätt för expansionen till Kina. / The purpose of this research was to examine the consumer behavior for baby food in China,which in turn led to identifying factors, which Swedish baby food companies should considerwhen thinking about an expansion to China. Due to the lack of security for baby food inChina, there has been an increase of the demand for foreign baby food in China. This has ledto potential for many companies. Factors have therefore been identified which can affect theapproach for an expansion for a Swedish baby food company in China.The research was conducted through a mixed method methodology where a self-administeredquestionnaire was executed in China towards Chinese consumers and a semi-structuredinterview was executed with the Swedish baby food company Child Food Factory. Thequestionnaire examined the consumer behavior for baby food in China in order to identify theattitudes and values that exist. Furthermore, consumers' buying habits and needs for babyfood was examined, as well as opinions regarding foreign baby food and organically producedbaby food. The semi-structured interview examined the concept which Child Food Factoryhas for their product and how the product will be received by the Chinese market, this sinceChild Food Factory was in the process of bring their baby food product in to China.The empirical findings were analyzed and the results comprises of identified characteristics inthe Chinese consumers concerning consumer behavior and values for baby food. Some of thecharacteristics that were identified was that the Chinese consumers are affected mostly byfamily, friends and relatives when it comes to purchasing baby food and the most commonway to purchase baby food is in a supermarket. They also felt that safety was the mostimportant attribute for baby food.Furthermore, the factors regarding baby food in the Chinese market were identified forSwedish baby food companies to consider if planning an expansion to China. Some of thefactors that were identified was that baby food companies need to consider their marketing sothat it is adapted to the Chinese culture. The baby food companies also need to bear in mindthe fact that family and security have a big influence. Another factor is to be able to use theadvantage of being a foreign company in a strengthening way for the expansion to China.Please note that this research is written in Swedish.

What has become known to the world as the Baby Veronica case (2009-2013) involves several parties including the biological father, Dusten Brown, who is a Cherokee citizen, the Non-Native adoptive parents, the Capobiancos, the Cherokee Nation, and most importantly the baby who is now a child getting ready to start school, Veronica. It is a complex child custody case, but one that is well supported in Federal Indian Law and Policy with the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978 and Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfields (1989). In the beginning of the Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl et al case (or famously known simply as the Baby Veronica case), the South Carolina Family Court and Supreme Court used the legalese of the ICWA to uphold the biological father's parental right to stop the adoption of his child. However, in an interesting turn of events the case was then taken up by the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court where it was ruled that the biological father was not an Indian parent as defined by ICWA (before the child was placed with the prospective adoptive couple there was no preexisting custody of the newborn child by the father) and stating that state law applied and not ICWA in this case and since the father was not married to the birth mother and had not paid child support he was not deemed a parent by South Carolina’s definition of the word. The most recent decision came from the South Carolina court stating that Baby Veronica, after two years of living with her father, must be returned to the prospective adoptive parents. Most everyone out there felt sadness for the prospective adoptive couple who had loved and provided for this child for two years, but all adoptive/foster parents know there is always a chance for the natural parents to object to the placement (it is called legal risk in child welfare). Each state sets their own laws on how long the natural parents have to change their mind, but in this case the biological father was not even aware that the biological mother was planning on giving the child up for adoption. Once he discovered the adoption, four months after the child was born and had been living with the Capobiancos since birth, he filed a petition to stop it and regain custody. This action would lead to a four year long custody battle. While it is important to look at all the facts and the history of the ICWA (and now the future of the ICWA) this dissertation focuses mostly on the public perception of the case. This case has received a fair amount of media coverage throughout the United States including a one-hour episode on Dr. Phil which aired on CBS. It is not often that something happening in Indian County makes it to mainstream media/attention, but when it does there is usually a great deal of misunderstanding on the issue. This is also true for most of the coverage and public responses from the media. This time around it was also true of the U.S. Supreme Court who focused too much attention on Dusten Brown’s blood quantum and not his cultural upbringing. Further the majority of the Supreme Court Justices held that the problems that existed pre-ICWA are not really a problem anymore which is reverberated through the public's perception. It is the intention of this dissertation to follow and analyze the media and the public of this particular case and the ICWA in general through the theories of framing and Red Power. In the social sciences framing is the social construction of a social phenomenon (the Baby Veronica case) by mass media sources (newspapers and television shows), political or social movements, political leaders (Chief John Baker of the Cherokee Nation), or other actors and organizations (National Indian Child Welfare Association). The individual's perception of the facts and meaning attributed to words or phrases will be influenced by some or all of these entities. A frame creates rhetoric in a way that can either encourage or discourage certain interpretations. Stereotypes are one example of framing and are seen in the Baby Veronica case especially as people try to define what it means to be Cherokee. Red Power can be seen as a frame, but is also an American Indian theory that links ethnic pride and political activism to a resurgence of Indian identity. There was a lot of ethnic pride and political activism that took place in favor of Dusten Brown retaining custody of his daughter which no doubt heightened the Cherokee Indian identity, but unfortunately in this case this resurgence would not be enough to keep Veronica, now at the age of four, living with her biological father. However, this dissertation will conclude with some possible recommendations for the Indian Child Welfare Act and the future of American Indian child custody cases.

According to Mercer (2001), motherhood of all social roles covers the widest scale of social attitudes, expectations and behavior models and reflects stages of human development – overcoming of passed stages and preparation to successive ones. Pregnant woman has a power of managing the organized matter – inside she forms physical body for incoming soul and imparts her inside traits. Definitely, it is the most important process of the creation in the world. The creator is created – a human being, who will determine our and the world’s fate. Our topical question is whether psychological-pedagogic and physical nurture of an unborn child is important for women of today’s society. As different scientists hold Fanti, Marcone (1993), future relationship with a child starts forming while in womb, therefore the grounds of this relationship are made during pregnancy (Žarskus, 2005). Hypothesis of survey Physically active women look more positively to nurture of a baby during prenatal period and their emotional condition is better. Aim of survey: To clear out the attitude of pregnant women in Kaunas City P. Mažylis, Second hospital, Public Institution “Mother, Father and Me” and Italian Azienda Ospedaliera “G. Salvini” towards the nurture of a baby during prenatal period and pregnant women’s need for physical training. Tasks of survey: 1. To reveal the attitude of Lithuanian and Italian women towards a baby during prenatal period. 2. To clear out the opinion of Lithuanian and Italian... [to full text]

Det nya arbetslivet’ är ett koncept utvecklat för de kommande medarbetarna från Generation Y som efterfrågar ett arbetssätt med möjlighet till balans mellan arbete och fritid. Arbetssättet ska ge ökad flexibilitet genom digitala hjälpmedel och även bidra till reducerade kontorsytor inom företaget, vilket innebär minskade utgifter. Övergången till arbetssättet kan dock upplevas som en svårighet för dagens medarbetare som främst består av den äldre generationen; Baby boomers och Generation X. Forskning visar att generationer har olika synsätt och värderingar som präglats av deras samtid. Detta medför att de har olika behov, exempelvis finns det skillnader i hur generationerna ser på arbete, förändringar eller preferenser i att arbeta självständigt eller i grupp. Idag är konceptet implementerat hos Microsoft som till störst del består av den äldre generationen. Vi vill därför studera dessa åldersgrupper och se hur de upplever konceptet då det i grunden är utvecklat för Generation Y. Studien är en fallstudie hos företaget Microsoft Sverige som infört ’Det nya arbetslivet’. Vi kommer att studera vilka hinder och möjligheter generationerna Baby boomers och Generation X upplever i ’Det nya arbetslivet’ utifrån de valda faktorerna; tillhörighet, förtroende och handledning. Arbetet har en deduktiv ansats, vilket innebär att faktorerna ligger som underlag för den empiriska studien. Empirin har vi därefter samlat in genom kvalitativa intervjuer hos medarbetarna på Microsoft Sverige. Slutsatserna från studien visar bland annat att Generation X såg fler möjligheter med ‘Det nya arbetslivet’ i jämförelse med Baby boomers som upplevde det svårare. Störst hinder var den minskade tillhörigheten till de närmsta kollegorna på grund av öppna kontorsytor. Respondenterna såg även tillhörighet som en utmaning för de nyanställda eftersom risken var stor att de kunde känna sig vilsna i ’Det nya arbetslivet’. Respondenterna ansåg att det fanns möjligheter för faktorerna; handledning och förtroende och största anledningen till det, var användningen av Microsofts målstyrning. Målstyrningen bidrog till att förtroendet var lättare att skapa och underhålla mellan medarbetarna. Den regelbundna handledningen gjorde även att medarbetarnas målsättning alltid var tydlig. Vidare upptäckte vi att många respondenter uppskattade det flexibla arbetssättet men de hade svårigheter att finna balansen mellan arbete och fritid.