Orientador: Márcia Maria Strazzacapa Hernandez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_JoseHenriquede_M.pdf: 1401398 bytes, checksum: 75f55652bda15785743d9a21f3ce96b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo e analítico dos procedimentos empregados com um grupo de alunos com deficiência intelectual e patologias associadas, que faz parte do projeto de Dança de Salão, há 8 anos, no Instituto do Centro Educação para a Vida Blanca Nieve, situado no Haras Pinheiro, na cidade de Monte Mor/São Paulo. Este estudo delineia a aprendizagem de passos, figuras e desenho coreográficos, analisando a aquisição e a retenção das informações compreendidas face às vivências corporais da arte de dança de salão por parte dos alunos dançarinos com deficiência, isto é, da memória de curta e longa duração. Foram analisados o aquecimento, as tarefas práticas e a técnica de contato de dança de salão. A pesquisa tem como referencial teórico as investigações que foram desenvolvidas na relação entre neurociência e arte além dos estudos sobre deficiência, aprendizagem e dança de salão. / Abstract: This work has as main objective to make a descriptive and analytical procedures employed with a group of students with intellectual disabilities and associated diseases, part of the project Ballroom Dance, 8 years ago, the Institute of Education Centre for Life Blanca Nieve, located in Pine Stables in the city of Monte Mor Sao Paulo. This study outlines the learning steps, figures and choreographic design, examining the acquisition and retention of information included in relation to bodily experience the art of ballroom dancing by students with disabilities, that is, memory for short and long term. We analyzed the heating, the practical tasks and contact technique of ballroom dancing. The research is theoretical investigations that have been developed in the relationship between neuroscience and art beyond the disability studies, and learning ballroom dancing. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

The problem was to develop, as one phase of physical education, a program of American social dance suitable to contribute to the needs and interests of the students of Boude Storey Junior High School, Dallas, Texas.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. John O. Perpener III, Florida State University, School of Visual Arts and Dance, Dept. of Dance. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 8, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 87 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

[pt] No intuito de contribuir com as recentes abordagens de marketing e de comportamento do consumidor que tratam de tribos e comunidades pós-modernas (Cova, 1997; Cova e Cova, 2002), e seguindo o caminho da coletivização na literatura de sociologia (Bauman, 2003; Maffesoli, 2002), que discute o retorno do homem contemporâneo a uma nova busca pela coletividade, esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, tem como principal objetivo colaborar para o entendimento da dinâmica de adoção à prática da dança de salão, esta entendida como o conjunto de danças praticadas a dois (Massena, 2006). Para isto, foi investigado se (e como) esta atividade exerce o papel de valor de ligação (Cova, 1997) entre os membros da comunidade da dança, e identificado se outros bens e serviços relacionados a esta atividade também exercem essa função de valor de ligação. Deste modo, vinte pessoas (oito do sexo masculino e doze do sexo feminino), moradores do Rio de Janeiro e alunos de uma renomada escola de dança de salão do bairro de Botafogo, foram submetidas a entrevistas em profundidade, ao longo do mês de fevereiro de 2008. Os resultados sugerem que a dança de salão funciona como valor de ligação entre os membros dessa comunidade, uma vez que, segundo os informantes, esse serviço é muito mais um elemento de conexão com o outro que um elemento individualizante e diferenciador. Entretanto, não ficou evidente a existência de outros produtos relacionados a esta atividade que funcione como valor de ligação. / [en] In intention to contribute with the recent approaches of marketing and consumer behavior that deal with tribes and postmodern communities (Cova, 1997; Cova and Cova, 2002), and following the way of the collectivization in the literature of sociology (Bauman, 2003; Maffesoli, 2002), that discuss the return of the contemporary man to a new search for the collectivity, this research, of qualitative character, have as main objective to collaborate for the understanding of the dynamics of adoption to the practical of the ballroom dancing, this understood as the set of practiced danced by two (Massena, 2006). For this, it was investigated if (and as) this activity exerts the function of linking value (Cova, 1997) enters the members of the community of the dance, and identified if other related goods and services to this activity also they exert this function of linking value. In this way, twenty people (eight of masculine sex and twelve of the feminine sex), inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro and pupils of a famous ballroom dancing school from the neighborhood of Botafogo, had been submitted the interviews, throughout the February of 2008. The results suggest that the ballroom dancing functions as linking value between the members of this community, according to informants, this service is much more an element of connection with the other than a individual and differentiator element. However, the existence of other products related to this activity was not evident that functions as linking value.

In the theoretical part there are approximated ballroom and latin dancing, theory of motives, achievement motivation, causal attributions, emotions and the flow-experience. In the second part are formulated hypotheses and described the methods of work. In the final part of the text there are explicated research data, discussed hypotheses and summarized the results. The full computer output is included in the annexes.

Recognizing the importance of context with regard to youth agency, this study explores how 8 Black LGBTQ+ youth understand their practices of agency in ballroom culture, an underground Black LGBTQ+ culture. Ballroom was chosen as the backdrop for this scholarly endeavor because it allowed for the study of the phenomenon — Black LGBTQ+ youth agency — in a space where the youth might feel more able to be themselves, especially given that the 2019 Black LGBTQ+ youth report published by the Human Rights Campaign revealed that only 35% of Black LGBTQ+ youth reported being able to “be themselves at school” (Kahn et al., 2019). Thus, instead of asking what is wrong with schools, this study inverted the question to explore what is “right” about ballroom culture in which Black LGBTQ+ youth might practice different kinds of agency due to their intersectional racial and LGBTQ+ identities being recognized and celebrated. Framed by the youth’s understanding of their own agency across different contexts, my research illuminates the complex interrelationships between youth agency, social identity, and context. Extending the literature on youth agency and Black LGBTQ+ youth, the findings of this study suggest that in many ways these youth are always already practicing agency to work toward different ends, and that these different end goals are greatly mediated by the contexts in which they find themselves. In making connections between the ways Black LGBTQ+ youth feel liberated within ballroom space to use their agency to explore and affirm their identities outside socially constructed norms, the findings of this study point to new opportunities for education research, practice, and policy to learn from ballroom culture about how to better invite Black LGBTQ+ youth into schools in humane and educative ways, encourage their agentive imaginations within education spaces, and promote liberatory school environments that recognize and embrace these youth’s intersectional identities.

This study deals with the history of ballroom dancing in South Africa. While reference will be made to the founding of ballroom in the early eighteenth century in South Africa, the study will mainly focus on the period between 1920 and 1940 in the Johannesburg, Pretoria region. The study will determine how and why ballroom dancing came to South Africa from abroad; how South Africans borrowed from the international dancing world; what they copied, what ideas they followed, how they chose to dance ballroom and how this affected South African society at large. Copyright / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

Summary: Salivary alpha-amylase: More than an enzyme - Investigating confounders of stress-induced and basal amylase activity (Dipl.-Psych. Jana Strahler) The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are two of the major systems playing a role in the adaptation of organisms to developmental changes that threaten homeostasis. The HPA system involves the secretion of glucocorticoids, including cortisol, into the circulatory system. Numerous studies have been published that introduced salivary cortisol to assess HPA axis activity and therefore strengthens its role as an easy obtainable biomarker in stress research that can be monitored easily and frequently. Recent findings suggest a possible surrogate marker of autonomic activity due to autonomic innervation of salivary glands: salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). Up to date, additional methodological research is needed for a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of sAA activity in comparison to already established markers of ANS activity. The aim of the present thesis is to further our knowledge of confounders of sAA activity under basal and acute stress conditions and to strengthen the validity of this enzyme as an easy obtainable alternative for ANS testing. After introducing classical and modern stress concepts and stress system physiology (chapter 2), the reader is acquainted with anatomical basics of salivary gland innervation and secretion of salivary proteins, including sAA, due to autonomic innervation (chapter 3 and 4). Afterwards, a more nuanced review of methodological considerations of sAA determination shows gaps of knowledge concerning its usefulness as a marker of ANS activity (chapter 5). Given the fact that the integration of sAA into developmental and aging research is a relative recent phenomenon, several issues have to be addressed before a final conclusion could be drawn. Therefore, we conducted a series of studies incorporating these considerations regarding behavioral correlates of inter- and intraindividual differences in sAA activity with a special emphasis on older adults. Chapter 7 deals with sAA activity under psychological stress conditions in different age groups. Since vulnerability to disease and disease prevalence patterns change with age, it is important to investigate stress reactivity of people in different age groups. We therefore investigated children between 6 and 10 years, because childhood is a sensitive period of growth and development, and thus plays an important role for later life health. Young adults were included to represent the most studied human age group as a reference. Older adults between 59 and 61 years were investigated, because at this age the course is set for the further development of a person’s health in later life, and because autonomic stress responses in older age might be important determinants of cardiovascular and inflammatory aging. Our goal is to test for associations of sAA with more established stress system markers, i.e., salivary cortisol as outcome measurement of HPA reactivity, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) as markers for autonomic reactivity, and to directly compare these responses between different age groups across the life span. Secretion of sAA and cortisol was repeatedly assessed in 62 children, 78 young adults, and 74 older adults after exposure to a standardized psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test. In addition, cardiovascular activity was measured in both adult groups. Older adults showed attenuated sAA, HR, and HRV responses. Furthermore, we found higher sAA but lower cortisol at baseline as well as lower sAA and cortisol responses in children. Age by sex interactions were observed only for cortisol with higher responses in older male participants. No associations between the parameters were found. Results in children and young adults confirm previous results. Overall, findings implicate sAA as an alternative or additional autonomic stress marker throughout the life span, with marked and rapid responsiveness to stress in three relevant age groups. The impact of age and chronic stress on basal sAA activity is the center of interest in chapter 8. We therefore assessed diurnal profiles of sAA and salivary cortisol in 27 younger and 31 older competitive ballroom dancers as well as 26 younger and 33 older age- and sex-matched controls. According to the Allostatic Load concept, repeated, non-habituating responses to social-evaluative conditions, which characterize the lives of competitive ballroom dancers, should be associated with stress system dysregulations. Furthermore, we expect to see an increased sympathetic drive associated higher overall alpha-amylase activity in older adults. Analyses revealed an elevated daily overall output of sAA in older adults while there was no effect of age on mean cortisol levels. Alterations of diurnal rhythms were only seen in younger male dancers showing a flattened diurnal profile of sAA and younger dancers and female older dancers showing a blunted diurnal rhythmicity of cortisol. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between summary indices of basal sAA and the amount of physical activity. In conclusion, higher overall output of sAA in older adults was in line with the phenomenon of a “sympathetic overdrive” with increasing age. Furthermore, a lower output of sAA in people who are more physical active was in line with the hypothesis of an exercise-induced decrease of sympathetic activity. Taken together, results of chapter 7 and 8 show a clear impact of age on sAA activity, either under acute stress or basal conditions. One problem when integrating sAA into developmental and aging research is the use of adrenergic agonists and antagonists what is very common in older adults, i.e. antihypertensive drugs (AD). As well, the previously shown sympathetic overactivity that occurs with normal aging is associated with higher blood pressure (BP). Therefore, chapter 9 deals with a possible impact of high BP and AD on diurnal sAA activity in 79 older adults (33 normotensive adults, 16 medicated vs. 45 hypertensive adults, 34 medicated). Results showed a pronounced rhythm of sAA in all groups. Diurnal profiles differed significantly between men and women with men lacking the typical decrease of sAA in the morning and showing more pronounced alterations throughout the day. An effect of AD on sAA profiles and area under the curve values indicates that subjects not using AD´s show a heightened diurnal profile and a higher total output of sAA. Descriptively, this was also true for hypertensive older adults. Hypertensive subjects and those not using AD showed the highest diurnal output of sAA and the steepest slope. In sum, our results show an impact of antihypertensive medication and a difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects on characteristics of diurnal sAA activity. Hence, findings are of particular interest in research using sAA as a prognostic indicator of pathological states and processes. Given the fact that hypertension was also shown to be associated with substantial changes of transmitters within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) - the “biological clock” that receives photic input from retinal glands via the retinohypothalamic pathway - and an altered output from the SCN to the sympathetic nervous system, we broaden the idea of a possible effect of different lighting conditions on morning sAA profiles in chapter 10. In a counterbalanced within-subjects design six men and 16 women of different ages collected sAA morning profiles on two consecutive days with leaving their shutters closed on the one day (= dark) and open their shutters on the other day (= bright). We were able to replicate earlier findings of light-induced changes of salivary cortisol with higher responses during the bright condition. On either day, women showed larger cortisol increases than men. Despite multisynaptic autonomic connections arising from the SCN projecting to multiple organs of the body, we could not find an effect of sunlight on sAA morning profiles. Evidence for circadian clock gene expression in human oral mucosa might account for this result and indicates that peripheral oscillators may act more like integrators of multiple different time cues, e.g. light, food intake, instead of a “master” oscillator (SCN). Results of chapter 7 to 10 provide clear evidence that sAA is heightened in states of autonomic arousal, i.e. stress, aging and hypertension, and that its circadian rhythmicity seems to be regulated rather integrative than directly via efferent input from hypothalamic SCN neurons. In chapter 11 this thesis tries to approach one central question: What is the biological meaning of the findings made? According to this enzyme´s anti-bacterial and digestive action short term changes might not have a biological meaning itself but rather reflect just a small part of multiple coordinated body responses to stressful stimuli. While the sympathetic branch of the ANS mainly stimulates protein secretion, the parasympathetic branch stimulates saliva flow. Acute stress responses might therefore be interpreted as reflecting predominant sympathetic activity together with parasympathetic withdrawal. The same mechanism could also be suitable for the finding of higher diurnal levels of sAA in older adults or hypertensive subjects reflecting a higher peripheral sympathetic tone in these groups. Diurnal profiles of sAA itself may reflect circadian changes in autonomic balance. Circadian rhythms are of great advantage since they enable individuals to anticipate. This pre-adaptation enables the individual to cope with upcoming demands and challenges. Our finding of a relationship between sAA and salivary cortisol what strengthens the relevance of glucocorticoids that were previously shown to be able to phase shift circadian rhythms in cells and tissue. Within a food-related context there is evidence that decreasing levels of sAA in the morning could reflect increases of feeling hungry since sAA systematically increases during food consumption and with the subjective state of satiety. So far, much more research is needed to identify underlying physiological mechanisms of circadian sAA rhythmicity. Taking the next step, future studies will have to focus on the integration of sAA assessment into longitudinal studies and different disease states to prove its applicability as a marker of sympathetic neural functioning in the genesis and prognosis of disease.

The purpose of this study was to discover the impact of ballroom dancing on the marital relationship. In order to do this the researcher first conducted a literature review on numerous aspects such as the marital relationship, movement therapy, the history of dancing, ballroom dancing and different theoretical approaches to marriage counseling. From the literature and personal experience, the researcher developed four hypotheses. To possibly answer these hypotheses and discover what the impact is of ballroom dancing on the marital relationship, the researcher utilized a qualitative research methodology. A sample size of three couples were randomly chosen to participate in the research study. Ethics and issues of validity and reliability were addressed throughout the research process. In-depth interviews were conducted with all three participating couples and from these interviews four different themes emerged. Four categories were then developed from the information obtained from the interviews as well as from the literature review. The research results indicated that the participating couples felt that through ballroom dancing they acquired improved communication in that it occurred more frequently and was more in-depth. The participants were of the opinion that their intimacy levels had enhanced. They related having more physical contact with one another, feeling early courtship emotions again and reinstating the importance of the marital relationship for them and their extended families. The couples seemed to develop strategies for conflict management as they went through the process of learning to dance. In the early stages of their dancing the couples recounted incidences of arguing however they all seemed to progressively make conscious decisions to ulitise strategies for conflict management which they found effective. Negotiation, investment and cooperation appeared to be essential tools for the couples to succeed in dancing. Added to this the couples seemed to be of the opinion that they became more competent in these behaviours as they progressed with their dancing. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

[pt] Este estudo investiga os significados atribuídos ao lazer por consumidores de Terceira Idade que frequentam grupos de reunião musical e aulas de dança de salão. Especificamente, buscou-se estudar a experiência desses consumidores em atividades de lazer em grupo e de que forma atribuem significado às vivências e às relações sociais e de amizade que ocorrem em espaços sociais de lazer. No contexto desta pesquisa, o consumo de lazer não é visto apenas por seu aspecto utilitário, mas é compreendido a partir de seu conteúdo simbólico, em que os consumidores atribuem significados ao consumo expressando seus valores, estilos de vida, categorias, identidades sociais e projetos coletivos. Ao privilegiar, a dimensão simbólica do consumo sob a perspectiva de marketing, o presente estudo se insere em uma linha de estudos em marketing que se apresenta como CCT – Consumer Culture Theory. Nesse contexto, a presente tese se filia ao paradigma interpretativo, ao partir dos aspectos subjetivos do consumo para perceber as relações dinâmicas das ações de consumidores e os significados socialmente construídos. Para condução do presente estudo, optou-se por utilizar métodos de inspiração etnográfica – a observação participante e as entrevistas em profundidade – buscando fazer parte da experiência vivida pelo idoso para compreender os significados a ela atribuídos. A pesquisa de campo incluiu dois grupos de idosos. O primeiro grupo é um encontro musical de seresta, sendo realizada a observação participante por um período de aproximadamente seis meses. As entrevistas em profundidade foram realizadas com 15 idosos participantes do grupo e com o fundador e líder do grupo. O segundo grupo estudado é voltado para dança de salão. Novamente, foi feita a observação participante durante um período de seis meses e entrevistas em profundidade com 16 idosos participantes. Os registros em diário de campo e as entrevistas foram analisados conjuntamente e permitiram identificar os significados que os idosos associam ao consumo das atividades de lazer analisadas. Realizou-se, inicialmente, uma análise de cada atividade de lazer. Para cada grupo, os significados identificados emergiram das análises. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise cruzada dos resultados obtidos para os dois grupos. Verificou-se que, embora possa haver significados comuns às atividades de lazer, há também significados distintos atribuídos à mesma atividade e a diferentes atividades. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de grande variedade de necessidades por detrás das escolhas de lazer dos idosos. Tais resultados sugerem ainda que a pesquisa sobre lazer de idosos deve levar em conta a heterogeneidade deste grupo de consumidores, evitando trata-los de forma reducionista, como se se tratasse de grupo homogêneo, caracterizado unicamente a partir de suas dificuldades físicas. Já no que se refere à aplicação empresarial, os resultados do estudo sugerem que os consumidores idosos podem ser segmentados a partir de distintos significados atribuídos ao lazer, que parecem traduzir os benefícios buscados por esses consumidores. / [en] This study investigates the meanings of leisure for the elderly people who attend a musical encounter and a ballroom dancing class. Specifically, the study investigates these consumers experience of leisure group activities; and how they extract meaning from these experiences and from the social relationships that occur in these social spaces of leisure. In the context of this research, consumption is not seen only by its utilitarian nature, but it is rather understood in its symbolic aspects, as consumers create meanings in order to express their values, lifestyles, categories, social identities, and collective projects. By focusing on the symbolic dimension of consumption from the marketing perspective, this study is positioned as part of a line of research in marketing known as CCT - Consumer Culture Theory. In this context, this thesis is affiliated to the interpretive paradigm, departing from the subjective aspects of consumption to understand the dynamic relationships between the consumers actions and the social and cultural meanings created. Methods of ethnographic inspiration – participant observation and in-depth interviews – were used to conduct this study. These methods permitted to be part of the leisure experience lived by the elderly as a means of understanding the meanings attributed to the experience. Fieldwork included two groups of elderly people. The first group is a musical encounter group called Seresta. Participant observation covered a six-month period; 15 elderly participants were interviewed in-depth, plus the founder and leader of the group. The second group included the elderly that participated in ballroom dancing classes. Again, participant observation lasted for six months and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Fieldnotes and transcripts of the interviews together permitted to extract the meanings assigned by older people to these leisure activities. First, each activity was analyzed separately. For each group, meanings emerged from the analyses. Then a cross-group analysis was performed. The results showed that, despite meanings that are shared by the two leisure activities, each activity showed different meanings, or different nuances of the same meaning, and some of the meanings identified only appeared in one of the activities. These results suggest that there is a great variety of needs behind the leisure choices made by the elderly. In addition, the results indicate that leisure research focusing the elderly should take into account the heterogeneity of this group of consumers, therefore avoiding a reductionist approach that considers the elderly as a homogeneous group based on their physical limitations. As to managerial implications, the results of the study suggest that firms can segment the elderly consumers by the different meanings attributed to leisure, which can be equated to the benefits aimed when choosing their leisure activities.