Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-21T11:35:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadecarvalhobarros.pdf: 3333465 bytes, checksum: fbd466824c16806069877c31ee83b81a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T12:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadecarvalhobarros.pdf: 3333465 bytes, checksum: fbd466824c16806069877c31ee83b81a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianadecarvalhobarros.pdf: 3333465 bytes, checksum: fbd466824c16806069877c31ee83b81a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Este trabalho visa investigar a atuação de uma tutora no fórum de discussão no contexto de ensino a distância. Mais especificamente, seu objetivo é identificar e analisar, por meio das práticas discursivas da tutora, estratégias que possam contribuir para a promoção da aprendizagem colaborativa no fórum de discussão. Embora a literatura saliente a importância dessa contribuição, existem poucos trabalhos que apresentam à tutores/professores subsídios práticos que contribuam para sua atuação nos fóruns de discussão. O trabalho está ancorado nas postulações de Vygotsky sobre o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem, teorias precursoras das reflexões sobre a aprendizagem colaborativa. A aprendizagem colaborativa foi considerada, no presente trabalho, a partir de sua mediação pelo computador centrando-se nos seguintes teóricos: Silva (2006), Pallof & Pratt (2002), Tijiboy et ali (2009), os quais entendem que a construção do conhecimento se dá de forma conjunta e colaborativa. Teorias sobre a argumentação, focando principalmente as marcas argumentativas propostas por Koch (1984, 1997), as situações argumentativas colaborativas de Damianovic (2009), e as postulações sobre a argumentação de Ducrot (1987) foram também adotadas. O contexto da pesquisa é uma disciplina do curso de graduação em Pedagogia a distância da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora através da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). O corpus de análise constitui-se das práticas discursivas da tutora em 6 fóruns de discussão realizados na disciplina investigada. Os resultados desse estudo apontam estratégias que podem favorecer a aprendizagem colaborativa nos fóruns de discussão, oferecendo, assim, subsídios teóricos e práticos que orientam a atuação dos professores e/ou tutores nos fóruns de discussão. Apontam-se também contribuições teórico-metodológicas que dizem respeito ao uso da argumentação para os estudos sobre a promoção da aprendizagem colaborativa mediada pelo computador. / This thesis aims at investigating the practices of a tutor in an online discussion forum for distance education. Specifically, it aims at identifying and analyzing through the tutor’s discursive practices, pedagogical strategies that may add to the development of collaborative learning in the discussion forum. Even though the literature emphasizes the importance of this contribution, there are few studies that present both tutors and professors with practical examples that guide their performance in virtual learning environment. On theorethical grounds, the work discusses Vygotsky´s notions on the development of Cognition and Learning, which are a precursor to the idea of collaborative learning. In this work, we focus on collaborative learning supported by the computer, highlighting the reflections of the following experts: Silva (2006), Pallof & Pratt (2002), Tijiboy et ali (2009), who understand that knowledge construction is accomplished by interaction. Besides, a review and a discussion of Argumentation Theory is carried out, focusing the argumentative marks proposed by Koch (1984, 1997), Damianovic’s (2009) collaborative argumentative situations, and Ducrot’s (1987) postulations on argumentation. The context of this research is an online discipline of the Pedagogy distance graduation course of Federal University of Juiz de Fora, through Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) project. The corpus of analysis is the tutor’s discursive practices in six discussion foruns. The results of this study point out strategies that may encourage collaborative learning in online discussion forums, providing theoretical and practical support that guide professors and tutors’ performance in the online environment. This study also presents theoretical and methodological contributions to the use of argumentation in studies on collaborative learning supported by the computer.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O estudo tem como questÃo principal as possibilidades de constituiÃÃo de saberes entre arte-educadores nos processos de aprendizagem colaborativa em diferentes tempos e espaÃos, tendo em vista o trabalho com arte-educaÃÃo na escola. Com base em uma abordagem multirreferencial, ensaiam-se mÃltiplos diÃlogos entre as racionalidades que circulam a trajetÃria da educaÃÃo estÃtica nas escolas, pondo em destaque o contexto das estÃticas do cotidiano dos arte-educadores. Busca-se alcanÃar os seguintes objetivos: promover a participaÃÃo dos sujeitos da pesquisa como coprodutores de saberes voltados para aÃÃes na formaÃÃo, no trabalho com Arte-EducaÃÃo na escola; refletir sobre tempos, espaÃos/mediaÃÃes significativos para a formaÃÃo e o trabalho dos arte-educadores; caracterizar os saberes produzidos nos eventos de aprendizagem colaborativa e suas contribuiÃÃes para a formaÃÃo e prÃtica docente dos arte-educadores. A metodologia da pesquisa-aÃÃo colaborativa constituiu-se no prÃprio percurso da investigaÃÃo, realizada em parceria com os professores, coprodutores do conhecimento elaborado. Obteve-se como resultado a formaÃÃo de saberes colaborativos de natureza heterogÃnea que convergem para a promoÃÃo de redes de aprendizagem colaborativa, tendo a comunidade escolar como foco da educaÃÃo estÃtica, de modo a favorecer a produÃÃo de outras concepÃÃes que facilitam e favorecem o trabalho e a valorizaÃÃo do arte-educador na escola. Ã universidade cabe o papel de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura reflexiva que conecte espaÃos e tempos diversos, inserindo-se tambÃm como sujeito formador e formativo, em parceria com os mÃltiplos espaÃos culturais. / The study argues on the possibilities for constructing knowledge among art-educators within learning processes in different time and settings, to produce collaborative knowledge that can call for other meanings to educational formation, work, and curriculum arts actions in school. Based on a multi-reference approach, the research presents multiple dialogues between rationalities that rely on aesthetical education trajectory in school, stressing the context art-educatorsâ daily aesthetics, whose formative trajectory and teaching work is showed in distinctions of social taste. The knowledge development paradigm in the multi-reference perspective gathers a heterogeneous co-production from studies and ways established with subjects during the collaborative research-action, with the following desired epistemologically coherent aims: engaging research subjectsâ participation as co-producers of knowledge centered in actions within art-education formation and work at school, and the production of knowledge that can provide collaborative learning in art-education practice, which offers formative projects articulated with school culture; reasoning on significant time settings/neighborhoods as well as their potentialities to intensify collaborative learning among art-educators; describing knowledge produced within collaborative learning events and its contribution to instruct and improve art-educatorsâ teaching practice. Collaborative research-action methodology, whenever it gathers elements of ethnographic and etnomethodologic matrices, constituted the very route of investigation, since it was built along with teachers, the co-producers of knowledge produced. From investigative experiences carried out in Brazil, Canada and England, this study designed steps called co-situation, cooperation, and co-production. Developing investigation based on practical epistemology, gave birth to collaborative research-action as the front door to diminishing the distance between two worlds: the one for teaching practice, and the world of academic production on education research; since the collective production of knowledge from art-educatorsâ subjectivity augmented possible contributions to teachersâ work and formation within this teaching area. Results show that the construction of collaborative knowledge from heterogeneous nature converges to promoting collaborative learning webs, whereas school community is the focus of aesthetical education. To University fits the role of contributing to the development of a reflexive culture that can engage a variety of settings and time, and placing itself as well as an instructive subject, along with the most diverse cultural spaces.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Embora a educaÃÃo a distÃncia (EaD) nÃo seja uma modalidade educativa recente, seu novo formato, modernizado com a inserÃÃo das TIC, sobretudo do computador e da Internet, lhe aduz recursos de interaÃÃo que modificam totalmente suas funcionalidades e resultados potenciais. Motivada por essas novas funcionalidades e potencialidades disponÃveis na EaD pelo emprego do computador e da Internet, esta tese teve como objetivo testar um modelo hipotÃtico supondo a relaÃÃo entre as variÃveis endÃgenas domÃnio tecnolÃgico, interaÃÃo e aprendizagem âcolaborativaâ em curso de EaD on-line. Para concretizaÃÃo desse objetivo, como iniciativa pioneira nessa Ãrea de pesquisa, aplicou-se a modelagem com equaÃÃes estruturais, mediante a qual foi confirmada a existÃncia de uma trÃplice relaÃÃo entre o domÃnio tecnolÃgico dos alunos, as interaÃÃes tutor-aluno e aluno-aluno e a aprendizagem âcolaborativaâ. O modelo geral apresentou qualidade de ajuste aceitÃvel, assim como as equaÃÃes estruturais mostraram boa confiabilidade de construto e R2 com bons poderes de explicaÃÃo da variabilidade das variÃveis latentes. Ademais, a investigaÃÃo constatou, tambÃm, que a freqÃÃncia de uso da Internet e das ferramentas e-mail e fÃruns para discussÃo, bem como de ferramentas de comunicaÃÃo (tais como MSN, Yahoo Messenger, entre outras) influenciam diretamente o domÃnio tecnolÃgico do aluno de EaD, sendo o domÃnio tecnolÃgico realmente necessÃrio para um bom desempenho em um curso de EaD on-line. A investigaÃÃo constatou, ainda, que as interaÃÃes tutor-aluno e aluno-aluno, mediadas pelas ferramentas de comunicaÃÃo e atividades âcolaborativasâ, se fazem de forma significativa na EaD on-line, e contribuem efetivamente para aprendizagem dos alunos nesta modalidade de ensino. Conclui-se, entÃo, que alunos possuidores de uma capacitaÃÃo tecnolÃgica adequada terÃo condiÃÃes de realizar interaÃÃes mais fortes, o que, conseqÃentemente, influenciarà positivamente sua aprendizagem em um curso de EaD on-line. / Although distance learning is not a recent educational model, its new format, which has been modernized with the insertion of information and communication technologies, especially the computer and the Internet, has brought resources that enable interaction at a higher level, totally modifying its function and potential results. Motivated by these new functionalities and potentialities, which the use of computer and Internet has brought, this Doctoral Dissertation has as its objective to test a hypothesized model involving the relation between technological expertise, interaction and collaborative learning from an online distance learning course. In order to achieve this objective, as a pioneer initiative in that research area, the analyses were carried out through the application of structural equations modeling which confirmed the existence of a triple relation between student technical practice, teacher-student and student-student interactions and collaborative learning process. The general model showed acceptable goodness of fit as well as the structural equations showed significant coefficients, the construct reliabilities were quite high and R2 exhibits good explanation power of the endogenous variables. It has been observed also the frequent use of the internet and communication tools (such MSN, Yahoo Messenger, among others) made available through e-mails and chat-rooms â for discussion, along with other communication tools, such as, those which have directly influenced the technological advances of online distance learning students, making this technological expertise absolutely necessary for a good development of an online distance learning course. It has been noticed the interactions between teacher-student and student-student through the communication tools and collaborative activities characterize the interactions that occur in online distance learning, and contribute effectively in the learning process of students in this type of learning environment. At the end it is emphasized that the students who have mastered an adequate technological capacity will have the ability to acquire a more strong interaction which will consequently influence and bring positive impact to their learning in an online course.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T11:30:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Walex Fernades Lima - 2016.pdf: 2192042 bytes, checksum: 96102e10a8716b61d4b2390b5fa822c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T11:32:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Walex Fernades Lima - 2016.pdf: 2192042 bytes, checksum: 96102e10a8716b61d4b2390b5fa822c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T11:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Walex Fernades Lima - 2016.pdf: 2192042 bytes, checksum: 96102e10a8716b61d4b2390b5fa822c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This master's degree dissertation intend to demonstrate the use of robotics with high school students, as well as to analyze how this technology can cooperate for the education of curricular contents related to chemistry, evidencing which one of them can be worked inside the classroom. The theoretical basis of the study is based on qualitative research, looking to make the first cycle phase of the action-research. The robotics can be seen as a tool to bring a different look at how the chemistry discipline is view in high school. This way, will be presented the construct a robotic prototype by means of the collaboration between the students, using alternative materials of low cost together with a robotics kit that uses an Open Source platform. Students of high school were voluntary in this project accomplished in the contraturn of school and had developed a mechanical prototype of a laboratory device. It must be pointed out that the ideas and the construction of the robot were accomplished by the students. The prototype developed by the students was of a mechanical stirrer for solutions. During the development of this prototype, the concept more argued between the students was about the Solutions. The development of this type of activity could generate new discussions, in pairs or groups, creating an environment that is approaching the relation between student and teacher, assisting in learning process. / Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende demonstrar uma forma de se utilizar a robótica com alunos do Ensino Médio, além de analisar como essa tecnologia pode colaborar para o ensino de conteúdos curriculares relacionados à química, evidenciando quais deles podem ser trabalhados dentro da sala de aula. A fundamentação teórica do estudo está voltada à pesquisa qualitativa, buscando fazer o primeiro ciclo da pesquisa ação. A robótica pode ser vista como uma ferramenta para trazer um olhar diferente na maneira como a disciplina de química é abordada no Ensino Médio. Dessa maneira, será apresentada uma forma de construir um protótipo robótico por meio da colaboração entre os alunos, utilizando materiais alternativos de baixo custo em consórcio com um Kit de robótica que utiliza plataforma Open Source. Os alunos do Ensino Médio regular foram voluntários no projeto realizado no contraturno da escola e desenvolveram um protótipo mecânico de um aparelho de laboratório. Deve ser salientado que as ideias e a construção do robô partiram dos alunos. O protótipo obtido e desenvolvido pelos alunos foi o de um agitador mecânico para soluções. Durante a elaboração desse protótipo, o conceito mais discutido entre os alunos foi o de Soluções. O desenvolvimento desse tipo de atividade pode possibilitar uma maneira pela qual os alunos passem a buscar novas discussões, em pares ou em grupo, criando um ambiente que esteja mais próxima a relação professor-aluno, auxiliando no processo de aprendizagem.

Submitted by Adriely Bruce (adriely_bruce@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-16T12:57:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T15:17:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T15:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Wollace de Souza Picanço.pdf: 4678200 bytes, checksum: ce699259498922bd5dc6ac7bd7698e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The production of new approaches using the technological resources in the teaching-learning process has grown in the educational environment. Therefore, the use of educational applications focused on robotics, is facilitating learning in education. However, engineering students, specifically in the discipline of programming languages are difficult to learn the standardized method to communicate instructions to a computer station. This dissertation addresses the frames of dedicated resources and methods of cooperative-competitive learning in order to facilitate the process of learning programming languages. It also seeks to define a software architecture to manipulate a robot in the real learning environment. The purpose is to promote a tool to assist in interpreting programming language instructions by a robot. The architecture definition process and set of methods to manipulate the robot was held to assist the difficulties encountered in students the discipline of programming languages. From these findings, it was possible to develop a system model, specific to the C programming language The prototype built in this paper is different from commercial products, because it took into account the adaptation of cooperative and competitive learning method. We attempted to offer an option that facilitates the editing of source code and its interpretation as to its use in the teaching-learning process. The evaluation process of the prototype was carried out by the methods of Usability Engineering. Based on results of experiments show that the environment has contributed to the process of teaching-learning programming languages. Therefore, the usability of the measurement criteria established by the ISO 9241 standard, claim that the proposal is another tool I support technological resources that can be used in education. / A produção de novas abordagens utilizando os recursos tecnológicos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem vem crescendo no ambiente educativo. Por conseguinte, o uso de aplicações educativas voltada para a robótica, vem facilitando a aprendizagem na educação. No entanto, alunos de engenharia, especificamente na disciplina de linguagens de programação encontram dificuldades em aprender o método padronizado que comunicar instruções para um computador. Esta dissertação aborda o uso de frameworks dedicados e métodos de aprendizagem cooperativa-competitiva com a finalidade de facilitar o processo de ensino de linguagens de programação. Além disso, visa definir uma arquitetura de software para manipular um robô no ambiente real de aprendizagem. O propósito é promover uma ferramenta que auxilie na interpretação das instruções de linguagem de programação por meio de um robô. O processo de definição da arquitetura e do conjunto de métodos para manipular o robô, foi realizado para auxiliar as dificuldades encontradas nos estudantes da disciplina de linguagens de programação. A partir dessas verificações, foi possível elaborar um modelo de sistema, específico para linguagem de programação C. O protótipo construído neste trabalho se diferencia de produtos comerciais, pois se levou em consideração a adaptação do método de aprendizagem cooperativa e competitiva. Buscou-se oferecer uma opção que facilitasse a edição do código-fonte e de sua interpretação quanto ao seu uso no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O processo de avaliação do protótipo foi realizado por meio dos métodos da Engenharia da Usabilidade. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstram que o ambiente contribuiu para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de linguagens de programação. Portanto, os critérios de medição da usabilidade estabelecidos pela norma ISO 9241, afirmam que a ferramenta proposta é mais um apoio de recursos tecnológicos que pode ser utilizada na educação.

Orientador: Sergio Ferreira do Amaral / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:20:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garbin_MonicaCristina_D.pdf: 3519882 bytes, checksum: 9704e23f9a0d65d1a9a36f9bbc9e685a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um cenário de aprendizagem colaborativa através de uma arquitetura de ensino distribuído nas cinco regiões brasileiras. O contexto criado faz parte das pesquisas desenvolvidas na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FE - UNICAMP), através do Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica Aplicada na Educação (LANTEC) e tem como órgão financiador a CAPES, através do Programa Observatório na Educação. Dado este contexto, o presente estudo apresenta como problema norteador: quais são as estratégias inovadoras com foco em colaboração que desenvolvem nos professores participantes, uma postura colaborativa em sua atividade pedagógica na escola? E a partir disto, foi definido como objetivo geral: Propor estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras com foco em colaboração, fazendo com que os professores participantes criem uma consciência colaborativa e passem a enxergar que as soluções para seus problemas podem ser realizadas de maneira coletiva. Neste sentido, propõem-se como etapas de pesquisa: a) Montar um cenário em que os participantes tenham um objetivo em comum a ser resolvido; b) Desenvolver um programa de formação que tenha em seu cerne estratégias pedagógicas focadas em colaboração; c) Verificar como aconteceu a colaboração entre os alunos; d) Identificar como a tecnologia ajudou no processo de colaboração entre os estudantes. Para a criação deste cenário colaborativo, foram estudadas as teorias de aprendizagem com foco em colaboração e interação, mais especificamente com o aporte de autores como Vygotsky e Piaget. À partir disto, uma arquitetura pedagógica focada em colaboração foi criada tendo-se como estratégias: a) trabalhos em grupo; b) espaços para discussão e argumentação; c) possibilidades de compartilhamento de informações; d) promoção de uma mudança de papéis entre discentes e docentes; e) espaços formativos individuais e em grupo. Finalmente, para a obtenção dos resultados para esta pesquisa, foram utilizados questionários distribuídos aos participantes ao longo do estudo, bem como o uso da observação participante durante todo o período do programa de formação. Para a análise dos dados qualitativos, oriundos do processo de observação e das questões abertas presentes nos questionários foi usado o recurso de análise de conteúdo e, para os dados obtidos através das questões fechadas presentes nos questionários foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), procedendo-se à análise de frequencia de alternativas das respostas. Os resultados demonstram que o contexto criado conseguiu promover a colaboração entre os participantes, que passaram a discutir e desenvolver soluções para o problemas enfrentados em seu cotidiano de trabalho. Dados que indicam as partilhas de conteúdo entre os professores participantes e seus colegas de trabalho, indicam que um dos principais objetivos do projeto foi alcançado em larga escala, uma vez que se desejava que os conhecimentos construídos fossem compartilhados e discutidos na escola, com os demais membros com vistas a mudança de postura no exercício da docência / Abstract: This paper presents a scenario for collaborative learning using an architecture of distributed learning in the five Brazilian regions . The environment created is part of the research developed at the Faculty of Education at the State University of Campinas (FE - UNICAMP), through the Laboratory of Applied Technology Innovation in Education (LANTEC) and its funding agency CAPES through the Center in Education Program. Given this context, the present study has as its guiding problem: what are the innovative strategies focusing on developing collaboration in the participating teachers, creates a collaborative approach in their work at school? And from there it was defined as a general objective: To propose innovative teaching strategies with a focus on collaboration, so that participating teachers create a collaborative consciousness and start to see that the solutions to their problems can be made collectively . In this sense, we propose as a research stages : a) Set up a scenario in which the participants have a common goal to be solved; b) Develop a training program that has at its core pedagogical strategies focused on collaboration; c) Check as did the collaboration among students; d) Identify how technology helped in the process of collaboration between students. For the creation of this collaborative scenario, the learning theories focusing on collaboration and interaction were studied, specifically with the contribution of authors such as Piaget and Vygotsky. From this, an architecture focused on pedagogical collaboration was created taking as strategies : a) group work; b) spaces for discussion and argument; c) opportunities for information sharing ; d) promoting a change of roles between students and teachers; e) individual and group training spaces. Finally, to obtain the results for this research, questionnaires were distributed to participants throughout the study, as well as the use of participant observation throughout the period of the training program were used. To analyze the qualitative data derived from the observation process and the open issues in the questionnaire used was the use of content analysis and for data obtained through closed questions present in the questionnaires used was SPSS 15.0 statistical software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), proceeding to the analysis of the frequency of alternative answers. The results show that the context created could promote collaboration among participants, who came to discuss and develop solutions to the problems faced in their daily work. Data indicating the content shared among participating teachers and their colleagues, indicate that a major goal of the project was achieved on a large scale, since if he wanted the knowledge built were shared and discussed at school with the other members with a view to change of posture in the teaching profession / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

Desde a abertura dos primeiros cursos de farmácia no Brasil, a estrutura curricular sofreu inúmeras alterações com vistas à adequação do curso com as necessidades locais. Após a homologação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Farmácia de 2002, passou a ficar mais urgente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes pelos farmacêuticos, não apenas o acúmulo de conhecimento técnico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as variáveis envolvidas na organização e estruturação do Integrado de Fisiopatologia e Farmacologia III, uma disciplina central na formação dos farmacêuticos da Universidade de São Paulo, incluindo a investigação dos fatores que influenciam no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, bem como a aplicação de um método ativo de ensino-aprendizagem neste integrado e, por fim, realizar uma avaliação comparativa entre a opinião dos alunos com relação aos dois métodos. Observou-se resposta positiva estatisticamente significativa dos alunos em favor do método ativo contra o método tradicional em todos os aspectos avaliados, incluindo todos os aspectos relacionados ao plano disciplinar, assim como o impacto no desenvolvimento de competências e auto avaliação dos alunos. Estes resultados sustentam a necessidade de aplicação de métodos nos quais os alunos sejam o centro do processo educacional e tenham responsabilidade sobre sua própria aprendizagem, para assim formar profissionais generalistas, críticos e líderes. / Since the opening of the first pharmacy schools in Brazil, the curriculum has undergone numerous changes in order to keep up with local needs. After the approval of the National Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy on 2002, it became more urgent for pharmacists to develop skills and attitudes, rather than only to accumulate technical knowledge. This work aimed to study the variables involved in organizing and structuring the Integrated Pathophysiology and Pharmacology III, a central discipline in the curriculum of pharmacy school at the University of São Paulo. Additionally it focused on investigate all factors that influences students\' learning process as well as applying an active learning in this integrated. And, finally, to compare students\' opinions regarding the two methods. We observed a statistically significant positive response of students in favor of the active method against the traditional one in all aspects evaluated, including all aspects of the disciplinary proceedings, impact on skills development and self-assessment of students. These results support the idea of implementation of methods in which students are the center of the educational process and are accountable for their own learning. This way we will be able to assist the development of pharmacists with clinical thinking and leadership skills.

This thesis purpose is to compare the effectiveness of collaborative learning against individual learning applied at the context of environment awareness. The game consists in a treasure hunt for wastes: the wastes are hidden all over the world; the task is to find them and recycle them correctly. To study the aforementioned situation, the game has two versions: a single player and a multiplayer mode. The latter based on collaboration as essential element to reach the goal. The project idea is to sensitize the player by placing him in a world, which is coherent with his own environment. The world is set up from official sources of what world’s condition are in order to give an immersive sensation; this choice is due to the concept of situated learning for which the learning is set in an environment that is similar to where the learning material will be applied in future.

Abstract This thesis is an interdisciplinary study on how students and teachers as participants in computer-supported language learning make meaning to their activities. The analysis moves gradually from a more general discussion of participant activity and interaction in computer-supported environments to a domain-specific discussion of language learning and work. The main body of data for the study comes from three different university language courses. The last empirical study introduces a complementary data set from working life. The thesis grounds its arguments on a discourse perspective of meaning. Rather than considering meaning as a property of a text or discourse, meaning is seen to reside in the active efforts of the participants of a social situation. In the particular case of computer-supported learning, a multiplicity of modes has to be taken into consideration. Language, in the sense of words, is a partial bearer of meaning only. The theoretical framework advances from a discussion of computer-supported learning as a hybrid form of interaction to a discussion of situated perspectives and computer-supported learning. The research approach applies multiple perspectives due to the multimodal and polycontextual nature of computer-supported learning. Special emphasis is laid on reaching the participant perspective. The findings highlight the multidimensional and polycontextual character of participation in computer-supported learning. The resources that the participants use for meaning-making reach beyond the textual interaction in the learning platform. Furthermore, the participants have multiple ways of taking part in the educational activities. The context that the participants produce for their actions exceeds the limits of the learning platform and ties the activity to the surrounding world in many ways.

In the classroom, teachers make use of different combinations of social planes (e.g., individual, collaborative) to support learning. However, little is known about the complementary strengths of individual and collaborative learning or how to combine them so that they are more effective than either social plane alone. One roadblock to this investigation is an ability to orchestrate, or manage, more complex, but theoretically effective, combinations of collaborative and individual learning in the classroom. Prior research has created orchestration tools that support the planning and real-time management of classroom activities, which reduces the cognitive load and time needed for instructors to support the activity, allowing for more complex activities to become more manageable. Current orchestration tools do not, however, support a wide range of combinations of collaborative and individual learning activities in a flexible manner. To fully investigate the combinations of collaborative and individual learning, orchestration tools need to be developed that can support the researcher in a way that can be integrated into the classroom by accounting for teachers’ values. My thesis work addresses two related goals. First, my work addresses the questions: Do collaborative and individual learning have complementary strengths and is a combination of the two social planes better than either alone? In my work, I developed an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) to support collaborative and individual learning. Through three studies, using this ITS, with over 500 4th and 5th grade students, I demonstrate that a collaborative ITS can be used to effectively support learning with elementary school students and that a combination of collaborative and individual learning is more effective than either alone. However, my studies did not find any support for complementary strengths and many other combinations of social planes are left to investigate. Additionally, during my experiments, I encountered challenges in orchestration that, along with the need to research more complex combinations of collaborative and individual learning, informed the next steps of my research. The second question my thesis work addresses is: How does an orchestration tool that supports researchers in exploring this space need to be designed to align with teachers’ values for easy integration in the classroom? Specifically, I aimed to support fluid transitions between social planes where students do not all have to be working in sync, which is not currently supported in existing orchestration tools. To support the orchestration tool design, I present a framework that structures the space that a researcher can explore when combining individual and collaborative learning. The framework can act as the set of requirements to be met in the orchestration tool from the point of the researcher as well as a lens to analyze and design combined social plane activities. As a first step towards supporting fluid transitions as laid out in the framework, I present a set of statistical models that extend domain-level individual modeling into the space of collaborative environments. Finally, I developed an orchestration prototype built around my framework that can be used as a research tool to further explore combined collaborative and individual spaces. To develop the tool to be successful within the classroom, I worked with teachers through a co-design process and validation of the prototype to incorporate their values into the tool. Taken together, my dissertation has six primary contributions. My dissertation contributes to the learning sciences through advancing our knowledge of (1) the strengths of collaborative and individual learning, although I did not find any complementary strengths, and (2) if a combination is better than either alone, which I did find support for. It contributes to educational technology through (3) the design of an effective ITS that supports collaborative and individual learning for fractions and educational data mining through (4) the advancement of models that can more accurately predict individual learning within a collaborative setting than the existing individual models. Finally, it contributes to computer supported collaborative learning and human-computer interaction through (5) a framework, which provides a lens for designing and analyzing combined collaborative and individual learning spaces, and (6) an orchestration prototype that supports fluid transitions between social planes in a way that can be a useful to both researchers and teachers in the classroom.