Orientador: Dione Lucchesi de Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T20:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pamplona_AdmurSeverino_D.pdf: 2114161 bytes, checksum: b430617feae62d5f2b4bbf22a34643de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho discute-se a aprendizagem-ensino da Estatística na formação do Professor de Matemática, ressaltando as práticas pedagógicas nela envolvidas. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa na qual foi utilizado um instrumento da História Oral, a "Narrativa Biográfica", para a recolha de dados. Tais narrativas foram obtidas de professores experientes que têm atuado no ensino de estatística, em cursos de formação de professores de matemática (Licenciatura em Matemática) em universidades paulistas. Como instrumento de análise, utilizou-se a "Teoria Social da Aprendizagem", de Wenger, sobre comunidade de prática, a partir da perspectiva histórico-cultural vygotskiana. Para compreender as práticas de formação pedagógicas presentes na formação estatísticas do professor de matemática, tanto alunos como professores foram considerados membros de uma mesma comunidade de prática, já que os sujeitos da pesquisa narraram suas práticas de formação tanto como alunos quanto como professores formadores. Para a análise esteve também presente pelo menos duas conjecturas: uma é "toda prática de formação estatística tem imbricada uma prática de formação pedagógica" e outra, surgida a partir dos estudos de Lee Shulman, é "a formação estatística do professor é diferente da do especialista em estatística". A diferença reside no fato de que, além de compreender os mesmos conceitos, o professor deve percebê-los como componentes de uma disciplina da grade curricular de um curso de formação profissional do Professor de Matemática, conhecendo a história e o desenvolvimento desses conceitos, da disciplina e da própria profissão. As conjecturas se confirmaram na análise, cujos resultados permitiram oferecer resposta à questão colocada. "Quais práticas os professores formadores citaram, desenvolveram ou valorizaram no sentido de evidenciar e fortalecer os nexos entre as práticas de formação estatística e aquelas de formação pedagógica?" Esta análise levou a respostas tais como: o compartilhamento com os licenciandos dos problemas, das escolhas, dos trajetos, das perspectivas e dos prazeres que fazem parte do exercício da profissão do professor, de modo geral, e do ensino da Estatística, de modo particular; o questionamento das práticas discursivas e não discursivas que apoiam relações desiguais de poder entre práticas de formação matemática/estatística e práticas de formação pedagógica; entre outras. A partir daí, são apresentadas algumas sugestões para a ação do professor formador que visam facilitar/estimular, no licenciando, o discernimento dos múltiplos fazeres e pensares que compõem a prática da profissão Professor de Matemática. Uma dessas práticas pode ser, por exemplo, o uso de diferentes abordagens para a aprendizagem-ensino dos conteúdos estatísticos, acompanhados, a cada vez, da análise de uma questão do tipo: "Que fatores contribuíram para que essa determinada abordagem fosse empregada para ensinar esse conteúdo?". Isso se faria tanto como forma de favorecer a imaginação do licenciando a respeito da pertença na comunidade de prática dos professores que ensinam estatística, quanto de aumentar o seu saber a respeito do uso dessas abordagens, levando-os a perceber que não existe uma única abordagem aplicável em todas as situações. / Abstract: In this work is discussed the learning-teaching of the Statistics in the training of the Teacher of Mathematics, emphasizing the pedagogy practice involved. Thus, was realized a search in which was used an instrument of the Oral History, the "biographical narratives" for data collection. These narratives were obtained from experienced professors who have worked in the teaching of statistics, in training courses for teachers of mathematics (Degree in Mathematics) in universities in Sao Paulo state. As tool of analysis, was utilized the "Social Learning Theory" of Wenger on the community of practice, from the perspective of historical and cultural origins in the theory of Vygotsky. To understand the practice of training pedagogical and training statistic of the professor of mathematics, both students as teachers was considered members of a single community of practice since the subjects narrated on their practice training is both of student as of teacher trainer. For the analysis was also present at least two conjectures, an is "all practice of statistical training has imbricated a practice of pedagogical training" and another, arising from the studies of Lee Shulman, is "the training statistical of the teacher is different from the training statistical of the specialist in statistic". The difference lies in the fact that, in addition to understanding the same concepts, the teacher must understand them as components of a discipline's grade curriculum of the course of training of Professor of Mathematics, knowing the history and development of these concepts, of the discipline and of profession itself. The conjectures are confirmed in the analysis, whose results have provided answers to the question: "What practice, the professors trainers have mentioned, developed and valued in order to highlight and strengthen the links between the practices of statistical training and the practices of pedagogical training?" This analysis led to responses such as: the share, with the students, of the problems, of the choices, of the course, of the prospects and of the pleasures that are part of the exercise of teaching in general and the teaching of Statistics, in particular, the questioning of the discursive practices and non-discursive that support unequal relations of power between practices of mathematics training/ statistics and practices of pedagogical training, among others. From there thenceforth are some suggestions for the action of the professors training to facilitate / encourage, in licensing, the wisdom of the multiples think and make of the teaching practice. One of these practices may be, for example, the use of different approaches to teaching-learning of content statistics, together, each time, the analysis of a question like: "What factors contributed to that particular approach to be employed to teach this content?". This would be done both as a way to encourage the imagination of the licensing on the membership on the community of practice of teachers who teach statistics, how to increase your knowledge about the use of these approaches, leading them to realize that there is no single approach applicable in all situations. / Doutorado / Educação Matematica / Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Antonio Miguel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_Valeriade_D.pdf: 4560988 bytes, checksum: 8e608d9888dce9430323b4e8c9bc7753 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta tese investiga os propósitos, valores, conflitos e formas diversificadas de representação do social que têm participado da constituição da comunidade de prática científica internacional denominada Mathematics Education and Society (MES), tanto no que se refere ao processo constitutivo de sua identidade, quanto no que diz respeito à realização de suas práticas sócio-culturais e de sua produção científico-cultural. A base documental na qual se assenta o processo de constituição dessa comunidade é composta pelos anais das quatro conferências do MES realizadas até o momento, por mensagens da sua lista de discussão, por entrevistas realizadas com membros do MES e pesquisadores relacionados e por notas de campo obtidas com base em participação pessoal em duas dessas conferências. O referencial metodológico-conceitual subjacente a essa constituição foi construído com base no diálogo com autores como Foucault, Bourdieu, Hall e Wenger / Abstract: This thesis focuses on the purposes, values, conflicts and diversified forms of social representation that have comprised the international community of scientific practice named Mathematics Education and Society (MES), not only in terms of the constitution process of its identity, but also as far as the accomplishment of its social-cultural practices and its scientific-cultural production are concerned. The documental basis that gives support to the constitution is formed by the proceedings of the four MES conferences that occurred up to now, messages from its discussion list, interviews carried out with some members from MES and related researchers, and personal notes from the participation into two of the MES conferences. The conceptual-methodological referential underlying this constitution was build upon dialogs with Foucault, Bourdieu, Hall and Wenger / Doutorado / Educação Matematica / Doutor em Educação

The Crystal River site (8CI1) is a Woodland-period mound (ca. 1000 BC to AD 1050) complex located on the west-central Gulf coast of Florida. Links to the Hopewell Interaction Sphere suggest that the people of Crystal River had connections with a broad range of communities, yet little is known concerning the role the site played in local, regional, or long-distance exchange networks. Pottery traditions vary amongst different communities of practice, therefore the level of interaction at Crystal River can be measured by looking at variation in the ceramic assemblage. I combine type/attribute, vessel form and function, gross paste, and chemical analyses to determine the amount of variability present in the pottery assemblage. These analyses show that Crystal River has a high level of ceramic variation with some spatial and temporal patterning. To determine Crystal River’s membership in and potential role within a sphere of interaction, I compare these patterns to three community types with diverse social interfaces. This research suggests that Crystal River may have started out as a homogenous, residential community but through time began to interact with a number of diverse, regionally associated communities drawn to the site for special occasions.

This study focuses on the processes of primary maths teacher learning and how their identities and practices evolve in relation to participation in a primary maths focused in-service teacher education programme, called the Numeracy Inquiry Community of Leader Educators (NICLE).Additionally it investigates activities, relations and forms of participation within the Community of Practice (CoP) which enable or constrain evolving primary maths identities and practices and how these relate to the broader context. The study draws from the situative-participationists (Lave, 1996; Wenger, 1998; Sfard & Prusak, 2005; Wenger et al, 2002) theoretical framework supplemented by Bernstein’s (2000) pedagogic identity model. Using a qualitative educational interpretive approach I sampled 8 primary teachers drawn from NICLE and gathered data through participant observations, interactive interviews, document analysis and reflective journals. Analysing the key data themes that emerged from teacher learning stories, which I have called stelos, the study explains the nature of the primary maths teachers’ learning, transformation and participation experiences in NICLE using the synonyms reinvigoration and remediation and activation and relating these semantics to the teachers’ mathematical identities and histories. The study also explains the processes through which primary maths teacher identities evolve in relation to participation in an in-service CoP as ‘insiding’ and ‘outcropping’. Interpreting qualitative data from the empirical field indicates that teachers participating in NICLE mostly took-up into their maths classrooms key numeracy-domain concepts, resources and issues presented by primary maths experts which are informed by research and theory that link to practices. Teachers collaboratively and actively engaged in a range of activities that relate to classroom practices. Teacher learning was also enabled when teachers engaged in maths overlapping communities of practice, shared classroom experiences in friendly ways with fellow NICLE teachers and engaged with NICLE presenters who mutually respected and regarded them as professionals. Such affordances were said to enable teachers to engage learners in maths classes and improve their understanding of specific primary maths concepts. On the other hand teachers felt challenged by the travelling distance, limited time and also raised the tension of how to scale-up maths professional development initiatives to include schools from their community. The study makes a theoretical contribution by illustrating how Bernstein’s pedagogic identity model and its elaboration by Tyler (1999) provides analytical tools to interrogate macro educational changes and connect these to the micro processes and teacher identities.

Background ICU readmissions within 72 hours after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) is a problem because this leads to higher mortality and longer hospital stays. This is a particular problem for the hospital studied for this thesis because there are only three fully equipped ICU beds available.   Aim To prevent readmissions by introducing nursing rounds as a concept of “communities of practice” (CoP) and to identify supportive and prohibitive mechanisms in the improvement work and knowledge needed for further improvement work in similar settings.   Methods Questionnaires, focus groups, Nelson’s improvement ramp, and qualitative content analysis.   Results There were no readmissions from the participating ward after the nursing rounds started, but the reason for this is not clear. The staff experienced the nursing rounds as valuable and they reported greater feelings of confidence, increased exchange, and use of their own knowledge.   Discussion The findings presented here support that hypothesis that CoP builds knowledge that can improve patient care. The information provided to the participants during the improvement project was identified as the most supportive mechanism for improvement work, and a lack of resources was seen as the most prohibitive mechanism.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / After South Africa became a democratic country in 1994, the South African education ministry devised curriculum changes at a national level that would reflect an equal education structure for all South Africans. Curriculum 2005 was implemented in 1998 with the curriculum changes gazetted in the Department of Education’s Revised National Curriculum Statement for Grades R-9 (RNCS) (Schools). South African teachers had to be retrained to implement these curriculum changes. The legislation for teacher education is documented in the Norms and Standards for Educators (NSE) policy document (DoE,2002). This exploratory phenomenological multiple case study explores teacher identity in connection to how primary school teachers view, perceive and implement the Community, Citizenship and Pastoral (CCP) role at three primary schools in the Western Cape education districts. The three schools chosen can be described as suburban advantaged, suburban disadvantaged and urban disadvantaged. The overall aim of this study is to investigate the connection between teacher identity and the views, perceptions and practices of primary school teachers at three schools in the Western Cape in relation to the practical, foundational and reflexive competences of their CCP role.In this multiple case study, qualitative methods are used. The qualitative methods include participant interviews, focus group discussions, unstructured observations and document analyses. Numerical data collected is presented in a quantitative format. An interpretative approach from an insider and outsider perspective has been selected. Terre Blanche,Durrheim & Kelly’s (2006) steps in interpretative data analysis is adopted as well as Max-Neef’s (1991) transdisciplinary approach.This study is informative for a number of stakeholders: teachers, schools, Education Management Development Centres, the Western Cape Education Department and the National Education Department. I report on how teachers see their teacher identity and how this identity impacts on the way teachers view, perceive and approach their CCP role. Some internal and external factors that influence teacher identity include administrative stress, staff dynamics and the results and feedback from learners. The significance of this study lies in the revelation that all teachers, irrespective of their teaching environment or backgrounds, are in need of support. Based on the findings of this investigation I further propose a programme for teacher support that can be encouraged amongst teachers. These recommendations can influence both teacher performance and teacher longevity in schools. Further recommendations are for the extended school community and the synergy that can exist among the various stakeholders in education.

Abstract This dissertation focuses on global education (GE) and on its implementation in lower level basic education in Finland. The aim of my research was to investigate the present position of GE in basic education schools; identify the practices and problem areas in the implementation of GE; find practical solutions to facilitate the implementation; and consequently, to contribute to subsequent decision making regarding successful integration of GE in national basic education in Finland. The research may best be described as a pragmatic, qualitative dominant mixed research study that also had at the beginning features of action research. GE has served as my theoretical foundation and social learning theory has been used for studying teaching and learning from GE perspective. The main research methods were content analysis of the National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (2004) and the GE 2010 programme and research questionnaires that were sent to basic education principals, teachers, and pupils to collect data from the field. A study on textbook research has also been conducted and representatives of the two main textbook publishers in Finland were interviewed for the research. The main findings of the research suggest that GE is not systematically implemented in basic education schools in Finland even though many of the areas of GE are considered important. The main problems in implementation were seen to be the lack of conceptual clarity and the fact that GE was perceived as an additional burden for the schools rather than as an integral part of all school activities. As GE was not an explicit part of the official curriculum, it was not considered mandatory and the schools were not sufficiently resourced for teaching it. All in all, the findings focus on discussing the operational culture of schools and the role of diverse transactions in realising the aims of GE. The role of educational policy documents and the relationship between national and local curricula is found to be complex on many levels. Efficient policy implementation needs attention. This dissertation also gives suggestions on how to improve the current situation. These include clarifying the GE concept, including GE explicitly in the curriculum, defining the short-term objectives and assessment policies, training teachers and principals, resourcing the schools and teachers appropriately to teach GE. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen aiheena on globaalikasvatus ja sen täytäntöönpano suomalaisen perusopetuksen alakouluissa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kartuttaa tietoa globaalikasvatuksen teoreettisesta perustasta ja nykyisistä käytännöistä erityisesti Suomen kontekstissa. Tutkimuksen tehtävänä oli selvittää perusopetuksen globaalikasvatuksen tila, tunnistaa ongelmakohdat globaalikasvatuksen täytäntöönpanossa, löytää käytännön ratkaisuja täytäntöönpanon helpottamiseksi sekä täten myötävaikuttaa päätöksentekoon, jolla globaalikasvatus saadaan onnistuneesti yhdistettyä kansalliseen perusopetukseen Suomessa. Tutkimusta voi parhaiten kuvailla pragmaattisena, pääasiallisesti kvalitatiivisena ”mixed research” -tutkimuksena, jossa alussa oli myös toimintatutkimuksen piirteitä. Globaalikasvatus muodostaa työni teoreettisen perustan ja sosiaalisen oppimisen teoriaa on käytetty tutkittaessa opettamista ja oppimista globaalikasvatuksen näkökulmasta. Pääasiallisina tutkimusmetodeina on käytetty sisällönanalyysia, jolla on analysoitu Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteita 2004 ja Kansainvälisyyskasvatus 2010 -ohjelmaa sekä tutkimuskyselyitä, joilla kerättiin tietoa perusopetusta antavien koulujen rehtoreilta, opettajilta ja oppilailta. Lisäksi tutkimusta varten on haastateltu kahden suurimman oppikirjavalmistajan edustajia sekä analysoitu tutkimuksia, joita on tehty Suomen perusopetuksen oppikirjoista. Tutkimuksen päätulokset osoittavat, että globaalikasvatusta ei ole systemaattisesti huomioitu Suomen perusopetusta antavissa kouluissa, vaikka monia globaalikasvatukseen kuuluvia aihealueita pidetäänkin perusopetukselle tärkeinä. Suurimmiksi ongelmiksi kentällä nähdään käsitteen tuntemattomuus ja epämääräisyys sekä se, että globaalikasvatusta ei liitetä kiinteästi kaikkeen koulun toimintaan. Sen sijaan se nähdään ylimääräisenä satunnaisena lisänä, jolla ei ole keskeistä roolia kouluissa. Koska globaalikasvatus ei eksplisiittisesti ole osa virallista opetussuunnitelmaa, sitä ei pidetty ensisijaisen velvoittavana eikä globaalikasvatuksen toteuttamiseen katsottu olevan riittävästi resursseja. Kaiken kaikkiaan tuloksissa pohditaan kouluyhteisön toimintakulttuuria ja moninaisten vuorovaikutusten roolia globaalikasvatuksen tavoitteiden saavuttamisessa. Tärkeäksi muodostuu myös koulutuspoliittisten asiakirjojen asema sekä valtakunnallisen ja koulukohtaisesti toteutetun opetussuunnitelman suhde globaalikasvatuksen toteuttamisessa. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitetään tilanteeseen parannusehdotuksia. Ehdotuksiin sisältyy käsitteen avaaminen, kiinteän yhteyden rakentaminen opetussuunnitelman ja käytännön välille, globaalikasvatuskompetenssien ja niihin liittyvien arviointiperiaatteiden määritteleminen, opettajankoulutuksen ja koulun johtajien koulutuksen kehittäminen sekä koulujen ja opettajien varustaminen globaalikasvatusta varten.

This study researches phenomenon of the Biology Teachers Network (BTN), a distributed Community of Practice (CoP). The membership of the BTN is voluntary. The BTN is supported by a core group of members and administered by single moderator. The network uses a manually operated email system to communicate and share information as an automatic listserv proved to be beyond the capabilities of the membership. Etienne Wenger is the authority on the theory of CoPs and provides in depth background to the processes that are evident in a CoP. A CoP consists of the Domain, Practice and Community and through a process of negotiation of meaning, learning takes place through identity formation. CoPs can exist online in the form of distribute CoPs. Passionate leadership is essential for the formation of a CoP as is the voluntary participation of the members. A Naturalistic case study methodology is considered to be the most appropriate research tool. In this study a focus group interview and a collection of emails were used as data sources. The data was analysed using three instruments derived from the literature. The conclusion from the analysis of the data was that the BTN is a vibrant and fully functional distributed CoP in the coalescing stage. Participation in the BTN has led to an increase in professional development and ICT skills amongst some of the member teachers. The fact that this was achieved through the use of email instead of sophisticated websites suggests that this model of distributed CoP is suitable for the professional development of teachers in South Africa. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This study originates from experiences I had as supervisor of the mentoring programme for first year students in the Faculty of Pharmacy, at Rhodes University. Our mentoring programme is a strategy for first year students – specifically those from previously disadvantaged backgrounds – to succeed at Rhodes University. Using an ontological meta-theory - critical realism - as my analytical lens, discourse as my unit of analysis, and Invitational Learning Theory as a theoretical tool I developed a model of mentoring based on Bhaskar’s transformational model (1993). This model illustrates the relationship between structure, culture and agency. Whilst developing this model I focussed on determining how mentors construct mentoring, and how mentoring facilitates access to a Community of Practice (CoP). Mentoring involves providing a shared space that is safe, that the mentor and mentee feel comfortable in, and that supports and challenges both the mentor and the mentee. It is a reciprocal, developmental relationship for both the mentor and the mentee that deals with issues that the mentee deems as ‘real’. Mentoring is a process, not an outcome. The mentoring strategies that the mentors employed changed as the mentors mentored. Mentors help mentees by using structures and mechanisms that worked for them, and/or by helping mentees access these structures and mechanisms. Mentoring facilitates access to a CoP by providing opportunities for engagement. This involves sharing of experiences and knowledge, and promoting discussion. The mentor helps the mentee move from being a peripheral member of the CoP to becoming a main member, i.e., becoming active, learning with and from others within the CoP. CoPs develop social capital and knowledge management. My research suggests that the knowledge, skills and attitude developed by the mentors within this study may be transferable to other aspects in Pharmacy.

Hispanic Generation 1.5 students are foreign-born, U.S. high school graduates who are socialized in the English dominant K-12 school system while still maintaining the native language and culture at home (Allison, 2006; Blumenthal, 2002; Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999; Rumbault & Ima, 1988). When transitioning from high school to college, these students sometimes assess into ESL courses based on their English language abilities, and because of this ESL placement, Hispanic Generation 1.5 students might have different engagement experiences than their mainstream peers. Engagement is a critical factor in student success and long-term retention because students’ positive and negative engagement experiences affect their membership and sense of belonging at the institution. The purpose of this study was to describe the engagement and membership experiences of Hispanic Generation 1.5 students’ at a Massachusetts community college. This study employed naturalistic inquiry within an embedded descriptive case study design that included three units of analysis: the students’ engagement experiences in (a) ESL courses, (b) developmental courses, and (c) mainstream courses. The main source of data was in-depth interviews with Hispanic Generation 1.5 students at Commonwealth of Massachusetts Community College. Criterion sampling was used to select the interview participants, ensuring that all participants were native Spanish speakers and were taking or had taken at least one ESL course at the institution. The study findings show that these Hispanic Generation 1.5 students at the college did not perceive peer engagement as critical to academic success. Most times the participants avoided peer engagement outside of the classroom, especially with fellow Hispanic students, who they felt would deter them from their English language development and general academic work. Engagement with ESL faculty and ESL academic support staff played the most critical role in the participants’ sense of belonging and success, and students who were required to engage with faculty and academic support staff outside of the classroom were the most satisfied with their educational experiences. While the participants were all disappointed with some aspect of their ESL placement, they valued the ESL engagement experiences more than the engagement experiences while completing developmental and credit coursework.