Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-27T18:08:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:54:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-20 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as principais funções que os atos de fala diretivos e comissivos exercem na negociação de acordos em resoluções de conflitos. E, em particular, a relação desses atos com a produção de ameaças na formulação de acordos em audiências de conciliação, realizadas pelo órgão de defesa do consumidor, o PROCON. Para a análise, selecionamos cinco audiências intituladas: Banco Sul, Brasimac, Gesso, Ok veículos e Rui Pedreiro, estas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas de acordo com as convenções da Análise da Conversa. Com base em uma perspectiva performativa da linguagem, formulada inicialmente pela Teoria clássica dos Atos de Fala (AUSTIN, 1962; SEARLE, 1969) e discutida por CASANOVA (1996), GARCIA (1997) e SALGUEIRO (2010), iniciamos a análise a partir da suposição de que diretivos e comissivos deveriam configurar uma mesma categoria, pois ambos os atos estão relacionados à obrigação. O primeiro se refere a obrigações impostas aos outros e o segundo, a obrigações assumidas pelo falante/escritor. Assim, buscamos investigar o papel dos: (i) diretivos nas negociações de conflitos e (ii) comissivos nas resoluções. Os dados foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa e interpretativa, seguindo as orientações teórico-metodológicas de perspectiva interacional pragmática. Alguns dos resultados demonstraram que: (i) os diretivos têm um relevante papel na produção dos diferentes enquadres construídos pelas partes oponentes; há sempre duas versões sendo disputadas (a do reclamado e a do reclamante), e é o uso dos diretivos que revela esses enquadres; (ii) os comissivos têm importância na resolução do conflito, só há resolução quando o reclamado se compromete com alguma ação que é do interesse do reclamante e (iii) a hipótese, que diretivos e comissivos estão intrinsecamente ligados, tem fundamento, visto que, durante as negociações, as partes fazem uso de ameaças do tipo diretivo-comissivas, que apresentam ao mesmo tempo uma parte diretiva e outra comissiva. Nas audiências analisadas, as partes apenas entram em acordo, após o uso de ameaça feita ou pelo mediador ou pelo reclamado. Não foram encontradas ameaças usadas pelos reclamantes que fossem eficientes na produção do acordo. / This study aims to investigate the main functions of directive and commissive speech acts in the negotiation of agreements in conflict resolution. And, specifically, the relation of these acts with the production of threats in the formulation of agreements in conciliation hearings, organized by the consumer defense organ, PROCON. For this analysis, we select five hearings entitled: Banco Sul, Brasimac, Gesso, Ok veículos and Rui Pedreiro record in audio and translated using the notations suggested by Conversation Analysis. Based on the theoretical assumptions of a performative perspective on language, formulated initially by the classical Speech Act Theory (AUSTIN 1962; SEARLE 1969) and applied by CASANOVA (1996), GARCIA (1997) and SALGUEIRO (2010) to specific issues, we started the analysis considering the supposition that directive and commissives must set the same category, because both acts are related to obligation. The first one refers to obligations imposed to other person and the second, assumed by the speaker/writer. Thus, we seek to investigate: the role of (i) directive acts in the negotiation of conflict and (ii) commissive in their resolutions. The data were analyzed from a qualitative and interpretative perspective, following the theoretical and methodological orientations of an interactional perspective in pragmatics. Some of the results found were: (i) the directives have a relevant role in the production of the different frames, constructed by the opponent parties: there is always two versions being disputed (the respondent one and the claimant one), and it is the use of directive which reveals these framings; (ii) the commissives are important to the conflict resolution: there is resolution only when the respondent undertake to do any action of claimant‘s interest and (iii) the hypothesis, that directives and commissives are intrinsically linked, is grounded, since, during the negotiations, the parties make use of threats of the directive-commissives types, which present, at the same time, a directive part and a commissive one. Most of the time, in the hearings analysed, the parties only reach any kind of agreement, after the use of threats by mediator or the respondent. There wasn‘t found any threat used by claimants which effectively has reached an agreement.

Comment comprendre, interpréter, et expliquer la médiation internationale ? Peut-on distinguer différentes formes de médiations internationales ? Face au recours croissant à la médiation sur la scène internationale depuis la fin de la guerre froide et à la diversité des acteurs pouvant entreprendre cette activité de pacification, un travail de clarification s’impose. Mêlant réflexion théorique et analyse de cas d’étude, nous proposons une typologie fondée sur la distinction entre une médiation politique, expertise et sociétale. Pour dégager ces types, nous interrogeons les différentes conceptions du conflit et de la paix ainsi que la rationalité à l’œuvre dans la médiation, la variété des pratiques de médiation et, en dernier lieu, les diverses fonctions de la médiation dans la recomposition du conflit et pour le médiateur. Dans un deuxième temps, nous montrons que les limites de la typologie nous informent sur des problématiques communes aux différentes médiations. En pensant « l’unique » ou les limites des types, nous interrogeons les contextes de médiations, en replaçant les activités de médiations dans leur environnement macro et micro. Penser « le multiple » est ensuite un moyen de mettre en évidence des complexes de médiations, qui redonnent une multi-dimensionnalité au phénomène – d’où le regard sur les médiations multi-types – et témoignent aussi des évolutions possibles des formes de médiations. Enfin, « l’entre-deux » permet de questionner les médiations hybrides, marquées par la combinaison de caractéristiques les rattachant à différents types, et qui émergent des décalages entre discours et actes ainsi qu’entre effets recherchés et résultats obtenus. / How can we understand, interpret and explain international mediation? Is it possible to distinguish several types of international mediations? The growing use of international mediation since the end of the Cold War and the diversity of actors involved in this peacemaking activity explain the need for clarification. Combining theoretical considerations and case studies, we therefore propose a typology based on the distinction between a political, an expert and a societal mediation. These types are constructed through an analysis of the various ways of conceiving conflict, peace, and the rationality of mediation, the different mediation practices, and finally the diverse functions that mediations can have with regard to the conflict and the mediator. In a second part, we demonstrate that the limits of the typological exercise shed light on problems and stakes common to all mediations. We question the limits of our types in relation to the unique macro and micro contexts in which mediations are carried out. We then define “mediation complexes”, characterized by the co-existence of several types of mediations or the changing character of a mediation over time. Lastly, we reflect on hybrid mediations, which combine characteristics from different types, and emerge from the discrepancy between discourses and acts as well as between expected and obtained effects.

[pt] O objetivo desse trabalho é refletir sobre o lugar do psicólogo nas práticas restaurativas da Justiça a partir das perspectivas das descobertas da neurociência, especialmente a teoria polivagal de sutorregulação do sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA), elaborada pelo neurocientista Stephen Porges. Especificamente, o trabalho pretende avaliar em que medida a teoria polivagal explica os bons resultados dos processos restaurativos da Justiça Restaurativa de Porto Alegre com adolescentes em conflito com a lei. A teoria polivagal apresenta uma nova psicofisiologia dos comportamentos violentos e desafia a psicologia a criar novas abordagens de reparação de danos e prevenção da violência. A idéia é avaliar a possível contribuição que a psicologia poderia oferecer aos novos paradigmas de resolução de conflitos da Justiça e da cultura da paz. / [en] The aim of this work is to reflect on the place of the psychologist in restorative practices of Justice from the perspectives of the discoveries of neuroscience, especially the theory of polivagal sub regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS), developed by neuroscientist Stephen Porges. Specifically, the study aims to evaluate the extent the theory polivagal explains the goods results of the restorative process of Restorative Justice in Porto Alegre with adolescents in conflict with the law. The theory polivagal presents psychophysiology of violent behavior and challenges the psychology to create new approaches to repair of damage and violence prevention. The whole idea is to evaluate the possible contribution that psychology could offer to new paradigms of resolution of the conflicts of Justice and the culture of peace.

The economic dimension of conflicts has enjoyed increasing attention in research dealing with the dynamics of contemporary conflict. The nexus between natural resources, economics and conflict has played a defining role in a number of Africa’s most intractable conflicts during the 1990s and early 2000s. The underlying assumption of this study is that the economic dimension of conflict can be hugely informative in terms of an understanding as to why peace agreements fail and in that sense can contribute to the resolution of conflicts if taken into account during the formulation of peace agreements. This study explores the ways in which conflict theory has dealt with the conflict-economics nexus, analyzing the extent to which theory illuminates the conflict reality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the period August 1998 to August 2004. It determines to what degree peace agreements in the DRC have taken the economic dimension and insights gained from the academic exploration of this topic into account during the negotiation and formulation of these agreements. In conclusion the study proposes a number of recommendations in terms of the peace process in the DRC with possible wider application for other peace agreements. / Dissertation (MA (International Relations))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of cultural and historical perceptions of parties to a conflict by prism of the protracted conflict model (PC). The theoretical part initially focuses on explication of the protracted conflict concept theory and argues for its presence in the IR theory. Subsequently, the clarification of the national narratives theory as a form of cultural and historical perceptions drawn from nationalism theories is included. Further, the analysis of national narratives in the PC model is conducted and its findings are presented. The last part contains characteristics of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a PC and the application of theoretical findings and conclusions in the conflict.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relation between two highly relevant documents for the Colombian society: Firstly, The peace agreement between the Colombian Government and the FARC guerrilla. Secondly, the agreement of the authorities of the country to follow and pursuit the new Sustainable Development Goals – Agenda 2030 from United Nations. For this research, an extensive existing literature review was done. Throughout the empirics, the analysis looked at the relation between these two documents to show the level of compatibility for the Sustainable Development agenda in Colombia. This compatibility is important to determine as both documents have a vital importance for the Colombian Society. The first, Peace Agreement, as it is the text that aims to propose the political agenda after more than 50 years of conflict between the authorities and the FARC guerrilla. Secondly, the SDGs – Agenda 2030 is a political agreement that countries in the world will follow to contribute to the sustainability of the planet. Thus, after having the chance to review and analyze both documents, there exist clear synergies between both documents, with the exceptions of certain topics. It can be concluded that there is much room for being optimistic in the case of Colombia, but to keep in mind that the agreements are just that: the entrance to a route that now the whole country needs to take, the path of sustainability.

Magister Legum - LLM / This research will chart and navigate the early stages in the development, conceptualisation, and formulation of Islāmic law and the concept of ṣulḥ as a mechanism of legal redress in Islāmic law (Sharī’a). The research shows that firstly, the mechanism is deeply rooted and embedded in scriptural (Qur’ānic) and extrascriptural text namely the corpus of Ḥadīth. There is a plethora of instructions to prove that reconciliation is indeed a lofty goal which is rewarded as an act of worship. Like many other aspects of the Sharī’a, ṣulḥ is regulated by provisions of the scripture and extra-scriptural sources considered by Muslims as the (Sharī’a). Secondly ṣulḥ is also the preferred method of alternative dispute resolution because it is fluid, contractual, expeditious and one of the most effective ways of solving different types of disputes, whether commercial or family. It has therefore gained considerable traction in modern western financial industry which I think is largely due to its contractual nature and the absence of the adversarial element. As a mechanism of redress, ṣulḥ is governed by Islāmic law of contract which takes the form of an agreement which can be mutually negotiated between two or more parties. Of late it has also become the mechanism of choice in family and marital disputes.

Despite the important developments that peacebuilding plays in academia on conflict resolution and management, the field remains unexplored in multiple ways. One of the ways that this can be done is through the involvement of women in a domain that is considered to be relatively less inclusive of marginalized groups. The role women can play in negotiating for conflict resolution is significantly emerging as an important debate in peace research work and studies. Relatively little attention has been paid on the relevance of traditional approaches to conflict resolution particularly on the role that women contribute to using such methods. This impacts in balancing gender representation in peacebuilding processes. This research therefore takes a deeper look into the role of women in peacebuilding using the women groups in Casamance, Senegal as the empirical case study. The main objective of this study is to critically analyze the significant role women play as peacebuilders specifically, highlighting the relevance of traditional knowledge of conflict resolution. Hence, the key research question is to empirically reconstruct the role of women in peacebuilding and analyze how the use of traditional methods of conflict resolution has contributed to peacebuilding in Casamance. In this vein, this study employs a qualitative approach to critically analyze the situation in Casamance using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. This study utilizes the actor network theory (ANT) as the framework for analysis. A core finding of this dissertation reveals a disconnection between the existence of laws and policies on the participation of women in peacebuilding versus recognizing the local practices and initiatives of women groups at the grassroots with regard to implementation. The findings also bring to light the importance of further research in traditional methods of conflict resolution as contributing to peace and security.

Diploma thesis Conflict Resolution in International Relations: The Case Study of Northern Ireland Conflict examines development of the conflict and peace process between the years of 1980 and 2007. A complex concept of conflict analysis by Peter Wallensteen is applied to the case of Northern Ireland. Using the method of process tracing allows for a detailed understanding of the transformation of conflict dynamics from negative to positive. Such a transformation results from behavior and attitudes of individual actors who act positively and in a constructive way. The following actors were identified as the main parties to the conflict: IRA, Northern Ireland political parties - mostly the UUP, DUP, SDLP, and SF - governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Development of their attitudes and interests is examined with respect to five distinct categories: involvement of independent authorities and/or third parties; ideology and understanding of the main goals; economic conditions; cultural aspects; and the matter of decommissioning. The Northern Ireland case illustrates that the change of behavior eventually led to the transformation of the conflict and its resolution. However, it also illustrates how painfully slow process it was.