While most of the existing research on the topic of workplace incivility has focused upon its consequences on employee and organizational well-being, researchers are recognizing the need for research on predictors, mediators, and moderators of uncivil workplace behavior. The current study contributes to this new wave of workplace incivility research by emphasizing the links among variables not previously explored in incivility research. This nonexperimental correlational study (N = 1027) developed and tested a parallel multiple mediator model of instigated incivility. The model examined the mediation of the emotion regulation strategies – cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression – on the relation of two types of social dominance orientation – intergroup dominance (SDO-D) and intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) – on the outcome of instigated incivility, and tested the moderating effects of workgroup civility climate on the paths of the proposed model. An Internet-based self-report survey battery was administered to a sample drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk worker population. Hypotheses were tested though structural equation modeling analytic procedures. Findings suggest that intergroup dominance (SDO-D) increases instigated incivility and the relationship is not moderated by workgroup civility climate norms. In contrast, intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) decreases instigated incivility. Further, this study found that SDO-D had an indirect effect on instigated incivility through the emotion regulation strategy of expressive suppression. Additional findings suggest that the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal has the potential to reduce uncivil workplace behavior. Future research was proposed to test the model examined in this study in different cultural settings, with additional mediators and moderators, and longitudinally. The practical findings suggest that HRD practitioners may find emotion regulation and civility trainings useful to reduce the likelihood of uncivil workplace behavior.

The theory of shattered assumptions proposes that experiencing traumatic events can change how people view themselves and the world. Most adults experience a traumatic event during their lifetime, and some subsequently develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the current conceptualization of trauma (i.e., Criterion A PTSD) may be too narrow to adequately capture the range of potentially traumatizing events that People of Color experience, including racial discrimination and neighborhood disadvantage. This study investigated the association of racial discrimination and neighborhood disadvantage with core beliefs about the world being safe and predictable (i.e., world assumptions) among a sample of Black, Latine, and Asian young adults. Multi-step analyses of covariance tested associations between racial discrimination and neighborhood disadvantage with world assumptions and whether these held in the context of other traumatic exposures. Results indicated that racial discrimination negatively impacted world assumptions among Asian young adults only and this effect remained in the context of trauma. In addition, low neighborhood support negatively impacted world assumptions across all racial groups and neighborhood violence negatively impacted world assumptions among Latine young adults only; however, this effect did not remain in the context of trauma. This study indicates it is worthwhile to consider other adverse events in the conceptualization of trauma, such as racial discrimination and neighborhood disadvantage, that may impact world assumptions and contribute to subsequent post-trauma psychopathology.

This study explored the psychological and sociological motivations of adult female and male obstacle course racers. A qualitative case study approach was used to explore the views, experiences, and motivations of obstacle course racing (OCR) participants. Descriptive statistics and cross tabulation was used to interpret responses to the 297 online questionnaires. A content analysis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data gathered from three focus groups with a total of 20 obstacle course racers. Three theories formed the basis of the study: Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), and Social Leaning Theory (SLT). Overall, findings supported previous research regarding motivations to participate in adventure racing and extreme sports. Individuals were guided more by intrinsic motives than extrinsic motives. Important motivations for obstacle course racers included the camaraderie among participants, connecting and socializing with other like-minded people, having fun, and having a physical challenge that allowed them to progress and keep on track with their health goals. Obstacle course racing was perceived as positively impacting participants’ health, mental wellness and their confidence in their physical abilities as well as in other areas of their lives. Findings from this study may inform future interventions to increase participation in OCR or to increase overall physical activity among adults by building on camaraderie, social connection, enjoyment, and self-efficacy.

The aim of this study is to examine and identify the different ways in which secondary and upper secondary school teachers perceive the use of fiction to teach English as well as their beliefs about the outcome or benefits of doing so. Five secondary and upper secondary school teachers in Sweden who teach English as a foreign language were interviewed about how they use fiction to teach English. A phenomenographic cross-case analysis was used to analyse the data. The teachers’responses were categorized and labelled into two main themes, that is, teaching methods and benefits of using fiction to teach English. However, the teachers’ descriptions about the definition and medium of expressing fiction was first established. The data from the theme ‘teaching methods’ were later sorted, categorized, and labelled into six instructional strategies. The teaching strategies included: selecting authentic learning material for students; building knowledge about themes in the fictional works; using classroom discussions to support students' learning; encouraging students to use their previous knowledge and learning experiences to understand the content of the fictional works; using audio-visual aids to enhance students' understanding of themes in the fictional works; and designing tasks that reinforce learning. These strategies were common amongst all five teachers. However, there were some subtle differences in the teaching methods, caused by factors such as the students’ mastery of the English language, the English course(s) the teachers were teaching and the fictional material they were using to teach English. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och identifiera de olika sätt på vilka högstadielärare och gymnasielärare uppfattar användningen av fiktion för att undervisa engelska samt deras uppfattning om fördelarna med att göra det. För att få insikter om detta intervjuades fem lärare som undervisar engelska som främmande språk på högstadiet och gymnasiet i Sverige. En fenomenografisk tvärfallsanalys användes som metod för dataanalys och lärarnas beskrivningar av vad fiktion betyder samt på vilket sätt den kan uttryckas framställdes. Lärarnas svar kategoriserades i två huvudteman och märktes som: undervisningsmetoder och fördelarna att undervisa engelska genom fiktion. Data från temat ’undervisningsmetoder’ sorterades, kategoriserades och delades in i sex undervisningsstrategier. Undervisningsstrategierna innefattar: att välja autentiskt undervisningsmaterial; att bygga upp kunskap om teman i de fiktiva verken; att använda klassrumsdiskussioner för att stödja elevernas lärande; uppmuntra eleverna att använda sina tidigare kunskaper och erfarenheter av lärande; använda audiovisuella hjälpmedel för att förbättra elevernas förståelse av teman i de fiktiva verken; utforma uppgifter som förstärker lärande. Dessa strategier var gemensammabland de fem lärarna. Det fanns dock några små skillnader i undervisningsmetoderna som orsakades av elevernas behärskning av det engelska språket, de engelska kurserna som lärarna undervisade i och de fiktiva materialen som de använde för att undervisa engelska.

This research focuses on the ability to contextualize observed human behaviors in efforts to automate the process of tactical human performance modeling through learning from observations. This effort to contextualize human behavior is aimed at minimizing the role and involvement of the knowledge engineers required in building intelligent Context-based Reasoning (CxBR) agents. More specifically, the goal is to automatically discover the context in which a human actor is situated when performing a mission to facilitate the learning of such CxBR models. This research is derived from the contextualization problem left behind in Fernlund's research on using the Genetic Context Learner (GenCL) to model CxBR agents from observed human performance [Fernlund, 2004]. To accomplish the process of context discovery, this research proposes two contextualization algorithms: Contextualized Fuzzy ART (CFA) and Context Partitioning and Clustering (COPAC). The former is a more naive approach utilizing the well known Fuzzy ART strategy while the latter is a robust algorithm developed on the principles of CxBR. Using Fernlund's original five drivers, the CFA and COPAC algorithms were tested and evaluated on their ability to effectively contextualize each driver's individualized set of behaviors into well-formed and meaningful context bases as well as generating high-fidelity agents through the integration with Fernlund's GenCL algorithm. The resultant set of agents was able to capture and generalized each driver's individualized behaviors.

This study explores the link between the presence of childhood trauma and adult criminal behavior. In this study, four distinct categories of childhood trauma (physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect) were examined. In addition, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the United States crime rate with that of Switzerland and Japan. This study examines and compares the policies utilized in ensuring the protection of child welfare. The ultimate goal is to provide research which may build a foundation that will assist in creating and improving policies which will ensure a child's psychological health.

This study examined variables related to the doctor-patient interaction that can predict college students’ trust in their physicians. Specifically, I examined if five personality variables, ethnicity, and gender were associated with attitudes toward physicians. A second aim of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the level of trust in physicians between pre-medical and non-pre-medical students. Surveys were administered to UCF students containing a series of questions compiled from the Interpersonal Physician Trust Scale, Interpersonal Trust Scale, Illness Attitude Scale, Big Five Inventory, Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation Scale-Short Form, Almost Perfect Scale-Revised and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale-Short Form, as well as 13 original questions that I developed. The sample consisted of 211 UCF students. It was hypothesized that lower levels of mistrust of others, symptoms of hypochondria, introversion, need for approval, and perfectionism would correlate significantly with trust in medical doctors. It was also hypothesized that there would be a difference in the level of trust in physicians between pre-medical and non-premedical students. Results indicated that on average, most participants across ethnicity and gender expressed uncertainty about their level of trust in their physicians. Ethnicity was not associated significantly with trust in physician. Gender was also not associated significantly with trust in physician. For Hispanic participants, only introversion predicted trust in physician. For male participants, only hypochondria predicted trust in physician. Finally, pre-medical status was not associated significantly with a difference in physician trust.

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Zeals är en mobil applikation där användaren tillåts att kollaborativt uppleva förväntan och erinran inför och efter en händelse. Genom att användaren bidrar med media som hon själv definerat som relevant för händelsen kan mobiltelefonen fungera som ett medium där kopplingar och relevans är upp till användaren. Parallellt har ett designverktyg för användarjämförelser tagits fram - Persona Activity Framework. PAF syftar till att genom ett scenario visa skillnader och likheter mellan tilltänkta användare. / This master thesis in interaction design deals with two major scopes. First, it will describe how a design concept regarding events is initiated. Second, and parallel, a practical tool for user representations will be formed and used to illustrate a foundation for design. By providing examples of projects related to how anticipation and recollection can be experienced we highlight our work area. In addition to this, we present tools that we consider beneficial regarding user insights. Out of these two fields we describe a process where a mobile phone application is created situated within industrial borders. The result of this process consequently consist of two parts each depending on the other. The application, Zeals, demonstrates both how anticipation and recollection can be experienced. The second part of the end result, PAF, demonstrates how we have represented users and concludes that it can be used in other projects as well. Hence, our final result needs to be interpreted depending on design approach and it’s nature.

As globalisation is now a reality for most large organizations, and the competition for most businesses moving faster and becoming tougher, there is a need for engineering projects to deliver results faster in a more complex environment than ever, but also for companies to collaborate to utilize a wider array of competencies and to reach new markets with their products. This case study analyses which difficulties arise in interorganizational requirements engineering, and what organizations can do to alleviate the effects of those difficulties, as well as suggest which actions are most effective to focus on. The conclusion of this study is that the difficulties can be divided into three categories, namely interpersonal, structural and processual. Each category concerns a different set of people and require different actions for increased effectiveness. For the interpersonal category, prioritized efforts should be to establish a shared vocabulary and use techniques to build shared contextual understanding. For structural difficulties, evaluating management and control structures and the implementation of the project’s strategy should be prioritized. In the processual category, codifying existing processes to enable improvements, defining information artefacts and aligning information flows should be of high priority. / Globaliseringens effekter är idag en verklighet för de flesta stora organisationer, och konkurrensen för företag blir hårdare och förändrar sig allt snabbare. Därför blir det allt viktigare för utvecklingsprojekt att anpassa sig till en allt mer komplex miljö och leverera resultat snabbare än tidigare, men också att samarbeta mer med andra företag för att såväl utnyttja bredare kompetens som att nå nya marknader. Den här studien undersöker utmaningarna i interorganisatoriskt kravställningsarbete, vad företag kan göra för att möta de utmaningarna, såväl som att föreslå vilka handlingar som ger mest effekt för ett bättre kravställningsarbete. Slutsatsen av studien är att utmaningarna kan delas in i tre kategorier, nämligen personorienterade, strukturella och processorienterade. Varje kategori rör en viss mängd deltagare i projektet och kräver olika handlingar för ökad effektivitet. För att minska utmaningar i den personorienterade kategorin bör ett projekt prioritera att använda tekniker för att skapa ett gemensamt språkbruk och att använda tekniker för att bygga upp gemensam kontextuell förståelse. För strukturella utmaningar bör det prioriteras att utvärdera styrnings- och kontrollstrukturer, samt hur projektets strategi har implementerats och förankrats bland deltagarna. I den processorienterade kategorin bör det prioriteras att kodifiera existerande processer för att möjliggöra förbättringsarbete, definiera informationsartefakter och att försäkra sig om att informationsflöden är i linje med varandra mellan företagen, så att rätt information möts vid rätt tillfällen.