Fait interculturel et transmédiatique mondialisé, le basket-ball reste toutefois lié à une identité pré-supposée afro-américaine, malgré son américanité de naissance et d’essence. Qu’est-ce qui réside derrière cette acculturation à rebours par une minorité d’un sport de la majorité ? En quoi l’afro-américanité du basket-ball est-elle un construit politique, culturel et social ? Quel rôle les médias jouent-ils dans la représentation de ce lien établi entre culture afro-américaine et basket-ball ? Et dans quelle mesure ce lien se retrouve-t-il dans les autres éléments de la culture populaire afro-américaine ?Cette démarche fait appel à différentes disciplines, de l’histoire culturelle aux études médiatiques, en passant par la sémiologie. Elle s’appuie sur un corpus complexe comportant principalement une étude de terrain, des analyses des commentaires de matchs, des documentaires sportifs et des productions audiovisuelles (films, séries TV, musique). Elle vise à exposer le dispositif de storytelling de la NBA, ainsi que la mise en images, en paroles et en musique de l’afro-américanité du basket-ball.La recherche met en évidences diverses phases dans l’évolution du sport, du Politique au Corporate en passant par le Symbolique, avec une récente phase Progressiste de retour du politique. L’analyse des commentaires des Finales NBA révèle la représentation de l’athlète noir à travers le prisme des médias. Mêlée au storytelling, la question raciale donne lieu à une mythologie sportive américaine où se joue le rapport à l’autre par le biais de la performance sportive et raciale des athlètes. L’étude des productions de la culture populaire fait émerger l’importance visuelle du corps de l’athlète noir et la figure du Basketteur noir dans l’imaginaire collectif américain. Le processus d’acculturation et d’appropriation culturelle se révèle ainsi partiellement à l’initiative de la communauté afro-américaine mais les médias et la culture populaire qu’ils véhiculent jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cadrage de la figure du Basketteur noir dans le grand récit du vivre-ensemble américain. / As a global cultural phenomenon, basketball is portrayed as a “black” sport, in spite of its origins in Mainstream America. What lies behind this acculturation in reverse, whereby a minority appropriates a sport of the majority? In what sense is the Afro-Americanness of basketball a political, cultural and social construct? What role do the media play in the representation of this link established between Afro-American culture and basketball? And to what extent does this link find itself reflected in the other elements of the Afro-American popular culture? The research methodology calls on various disciplines, from cultural history to media studies, including semiology. It relies on a complex corpus that includes ethnographic observation, the analyses of the comments of NBA matches, documentaries as well as audiovisual productions (movies, TV series, music). It aims at revealing the storytelling constructed by the NBA, as well as the representing in words and music of the Afro-Americanness of the basketball.The research highlights several phases in the evolution of the sport, from Political to Symbolic to Corporate with a recent Progressive phase of return to politics. The analysis of the comments of the Finales NBA reveals the representation of the black athlete through the media prism. Mixed with this storytelling, the issue of race is elaborated within an American sports mythology where the relation to the Other is mediated by the athletic and racial performance of the players. The study of popular culture underlines the visual importance of the black body and the figure of the Black Baller. The process of acculturation and cultural appropriation is thus partially related to the initiative of the Afro-American community but the media and the popular culture they convey play an essential role in the framing of the black Basketball player within the narrative of American togetherness.

Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert Eisen(II)-Komplexe mit Spinübergangseigenschaften. Dafür wurden neue hexadentate Liganden auf Basis von N,N'-Bis(2,2'-bipyridin-6-ylmethyl)-2,2'-biphenylendiamin entwickelt. Die in Kapitel 3.1 vorgestellten Systeme variieren dabei in den jeweiligen Substituenten der 6,6‘-Positionen der Biphenyleinheit. Es wird der Einfluss dieser Gruppen auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften der resultierenden Komplexe gezeigt. Im darauffolgenden Kapitel 3.2 wird ein variiertes Ligandensystem vorgestellt, in welchem anstelle einfacher Substituenten Donorfunktionen eingeführt wurden, sodass ein symmetrischer dinuklearer Eisen(II)-Komplex zugänglich war. In diesem sind die beiden Spin Crossover (SCO) Zentren erstmalig durch eine Biphenyleinheit verbrückt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen geben Hinweise auf eine allostere Wechselwirkung. Weiterhin wurde der Ligand durch N-Methylierung in ein tertiäres Amin überführt und die entsprechenden Komplexe mit Fe(II), Co(II) und Zn(II) synthetisiert (Kapitel 3.3). Diese wurden strukturell und elektrochemisch untersucht und hinsichtlich ihrer Redoxeigenschaften und Magnetismus mit den Komplexen der sekundären Amine verglichen. Ebenfalls wurde das Grundgerüst des auf sekundären Aminen basierenden Liganden so variiert, dass der terminale Donor durch stickstoffhaltige Fünfringheterocyclen – anstelle von Pyridin – verkörpert wurde (Kapitel 3.4). So konnten Eisen(II)-SCO Komplexe erhalten werden, welche eine wesentlich niedrigere Übergangstemperatur aufwiesen und somit magnetische Untersuchungen im Festkörper sowie des Photomagnetismus ermöglichten. Schließlich wurden neue tridentate Amine (2-(6-R-Pyridin-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthrolin) und deren Eisen(II)-Komplexe synthetisiert (Kapitel 3.5). Für einige dieser Komplexe konnte bereits das Spin Crossover Verhalten in Lösung untersucht werden. / The present thesis addresses iron(II) complexes with spin transition properties. For this purpose new hexadentate ligands were developed on the basis of N,N’-bis(2,2’-bipyridine-6-ylmethyl)-2,2’-biphenylenediamine. The systems introduced in chapter 3.1 vary in respect to the substituents in the 6,6’-positions of the biphenyl unit. The influence of these varying moieties on the magnetic behavior of the resulting complexes is shown. In the following chapter 3.2 a tuned ligand system is introduced, in which the substituents are donor functions so that a symmetrical dinuclear iron(II) complex was feasible. In this the two Spin Crossover (SCO) centers are for the first time connected by a biphenyl core. The executed experiments give hints to an allosteric interaction in this dinuclear compound. Moreover the ligand was reacted by N-methylation yielding a tertiary amine and the corresponding complexes with Fe(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) were synthesized (chapter 3.3). Those were investigated structurally and electrochemically and were then compared with the complexes with secondary amines in respect to their redox and magnetic properties. The ligand motif based on secondary amines was also modified in a way that the terminal donor was represented by nitrogen based five-ring heterocycles instead of pyridine (chapter 3.4). So iron(II) SCO complexes were available which showed much lower thermal transition temperatures and thus magnetic investigations in the solid state as well as investigations on the photomagnetic properties became possible. Ultimately, novel tridentate amines (2-(6-R-pyridine-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline) and the corresponding iron(II) complexes were synthesized (chapter 3.5). For some of those complexes the spin transition could already be monitored in solution.

Background: Alcohol consumption has been causally related to the incidence of coronary heart disease, but the role of alcohol before the event has not been explored in depth. This study tested the hypothesis that heavy drinking (binge drinking) increases the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), whereas light to moderate drinking occasions decrease the risk. Methods: Case-crossover design of 250 incident AMI cases in Switzerland, with main hypotheses tested by conditional logistic regression. Results: Alcohol consumption 12 h before the event significantly increased the risk of AMI (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4–6.9). Separately, the effects of moderate and binge drinking before the event on AMI were of similar size but did not reach significance. In addition, AMI patients showed more binge drinking than comparable control subjects from the Swiss general population. Conclusions: We found no evidence that alcohol consumption before the event had protective effects on AMI. Instead, alcohol consumption increased the risk. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ADILSON santos.pdf: 8026419 bytes, checksum: d59ad1a2514d62fabb78f8c2501b3bfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / Recombination is one of the most important factors in the evolution of genome organization. It provides the links between homologous chromosomes that ensure their proper segregation during the first meiotic division. It is responsible for the creation of novel allele combinations and yields genetic diversity on which evolutionary selection can act. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) initiate meiotic recombination and when the 3 terminus of one of the broken strands invades the unbroken DNA molecule and primes DNA synthesis a double Holliday junction must be resolved through some alternative pathways. When homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material with each other, an event of recombination or a crossover takes place, which may be seen through chiasma. Citological, genetics, and molecular studies in many organisms have demonstrated that crossovers have a non homogeneous distribution across chromosomes, and rather concentrated in relative small DNA fragments usually called recombination hotspots. In searching for genomic features associated with recombination hotspots a model fitted to human genome data explained 42% of recombination rate variation in a 5 mega base pairs scale. Despite the fact that genomes of some plant species have been already sequenced, up to this moment, no research has been published concerning a high resolution characterization of recombination rate variation across a plant s genome. This study used OH- radical cleavage intensity estimates and sequence data of chromosome 4 of A. thaliana and population genetic data from a public set of 250 thousand SNP genotypes obtained for 362 A. thaliana accessions to: i) characterize the recombination rate and linkage disequilibrium (LD) distributions across the chromosome 4 in different scales; ii) search for recombination hotspots; iii) evaluate probable associations between sequence motifs and genomic features with recombination hotspots. The results have shown that the distribution of recombination events across chromosome 4 of A. thaliana is very concentrated: 50% to 60% of all recombination events spans in only 13% to 20% of the total length of the chromosome. Genomic features as G+C percent (G+C%) and OHradical cleavage intensity showed important associations with LD estimates in several scales. The mean OH- radical cleavage intensity and G+C% showed redundancy in correlation analysis with LD and recombination rates. Artificial strong and statistically significant correlations arose from the usage of sliding windows. DNA fragments considered as hotspots lay preferentially in the middle third of the chromosome, while those characterized for having long range LD decay are most localized in the two distal thirds of the chromosome. / A recombinação é um processo chave na evolução da organização dos genomas das espécies, importante para garantir a segregação adequada dos cromossomos homólogos durante a meiose I e criar novas combinações de alelos, gerando variabilidade genética para a ação da seleção natural. Do ponto de vista molecular, a recombinação é iniciada por uma lesão na fita dupla de DNA, denominada Double-Strand Break (DSB), seguida da formação de uma junção dupla de Holliday (dHJ), a qual é resolvida por vias alternativas. Quando há troca de material genético entre os cromossomos homólogos caracteriza-se a ocorrência de um evento de recombinação, crossover, visualizado citogeneticamente por meio de um quiasma. Estudos citológicos, genéticos e moleculares realizados em vários organismos demonstraram que a distribuição de crossover ao longo dos cromossomos não é regular, mas concentrada em fragmentos relativamente pequenos de DNA, denominados hotspots de recombinação. Na busca por correlações entre a distribuição de elementos genômicos e a de ocorrência de hotspots um modelo ajustado com dados do genoma humano se mostrou capaz de explicar até 42% da variação na taxa de recombinação, numa escala de 5 mega pares de bases. Em plantas, apesar da existência de vários genomas já sequenciados nenhum trabalho nesse sentido ainda foi realizado, pelo menos na ordem de resolução proporcionada pela recente disponibilidade de dados genéticos obtidos com o uso de chips de alta densidade de marcas SNP. Usando dados genéticos de populações, obtidos por genotipagem de 362 acessos de A. thaliana com 250 mil marcas SNP, estimativas da intensidade de clivagem por radical OH- e dados da sequência de nucleotídeos do cromossomo 4 de A. thaliana o presente trabalho propõe-se a: i) caracterizar a distribuição de taxas de recombinação e de desequilíbrio de ligação ao longo do cromossomo 4, em várias escalas; ii) identificar fragmentos hotspots de recombinação; e iii) identificar elementos genômicos com provável associação à ocorrência desses hotspots. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a distribuição das taxas de recombinação ao longo do cromossomo 4 de A. thaliana é bastante concentrada, pois proporções entre 50% e 60% dos eventos de recombinação ocorrem em apenas 13% a 20% da sequência de DNA. Variáveis genômicas como a porcentagem da soma das bases G e C (G+C%) e a intensidade de clivagem por radical OH- apresentam correlações significativas com as estimativas do desequilíbrio de ligação em várias escalas. A média da intensidade de clivagem por radical OH- proporciona informação redundante com a variável G+C%. O uso de janelas deslizantes sobrepostas gera distroções que provocam o surgimento artificial de correlações fortes e significativas. Os fragmentos hotspots de recombinação têm uma distribuição concentrada no terço médio do cromossomo, enquanto os fragmentos caracterizados por longo alcance do desequilíbrio de ligação estão localizados, predominantemente, nos terços distais.

Les travaux développés dans cette thèse traitent de la thématique du vieillissement des Piles à Combustible (PàC) à Membranes Echangeuses de Protons Basse Température (PEM BT). L’utilisation d’une PàC dans un contexte stationnaire à l’intérieur d’une batterie H2 (tandem PàC/Electrolyseur avec un étage de stockage H2 voire O2) est envisagée dans le cadre du déploiement d’un micro-réseau insulaire basé sur des sources d’énergie renouvelables (éolien et photovoltaïque). Deux aspects connexes associés à l’utilisation de la PàC et à son vieillissement dans cet environnement sont investigués dans ce travail de thèse : d’une part la manière dont les performances de la PàC et son rendement vont se dégrader au cours du temps et d’autre part les méthodes et outils qui vont être utilisés pour évaluer son état de santé durant sa période d’activité. La première de ces deux thématiques est abordée via l’étude d’une base de données d’essais en endurance à courant constant effectués sur des prototypes de stack PEM BT fonctionnant en H2/O2. L’hétérogénéité du vieillissement pour les différents stacks testés est mise en avant, de même que le découplage entre les pertes d’étanchéité interne et les dégradations des performances en tension au courant nominal durant les différentes campagnes. Une méthodologie proposant une dissociation des dynamiques réversibles et irréversibles de décroissance de la tension de la PàC au cours du temps est ensuite exposée et sert de base à la construction d’un modèle de dégradation de la tension sur un fonctionnement à courant fixe. Le modèle montre des résultats encourageants et une perspective liée à son utilisation dans le cadre du pronostic est suggérée. La question de la sensibilité du vieillissement aux variations dynamiques de la charge est ensuite abordée de manière complémentaire à ces essais d’endurance (effectués à charge constante) via une campagne de vieillissement effectuée sur des monocellules hybridées ou non directement par des supercondensateurs et cyclant sur un profil de courant dynamique. Une comparaison des évolutions des performances des monocellules au cours du temps dans les deux cas (hybridé et non-hybridé) est effectuée et met en avant l’effet du cyclage dynamique sur la dégradation des performances des PàC. La deuxième thématique touchant les méthodes et outils dédiés à l’évaluation de l’état de santé de la PàC durant son fonctionnement est introduite dans la suite de ces travaux en se penchant notamment sur une des causes majeures de la fin de vie des PàC : l’accroissement du crossover d’H2 vers l’O2 lié à la perte d’étanchéité interne de la membrane. Des mesures de tension à vide (OCV) effectuées lors de phases d’arrêt/démarrage sont scrutées a posteriori pour une des campagnes de la base de données d’essais en endurance. L’objectif est de rechercher des éventuelles corrélations entre l’accroissement des fuites internes et l’évolution de ces mesures au cours du temps afin de développer des potentiels indicateurs des fuites internes. Une séquence opératoire de mise en gaz mettant en avant un lien entre le niveau de crossover d’H2 et la vitesse d’effondrement de l’OCV pour certaines cellules du stack est identifiée et reproduite à l’occasion d’une campagne complémentaire d’essais. Une dernière partie du manuscrit est finalement consacrée à une approche théorique prospective dédiée à l’intégration d’un phénomène parasite, l’oxydation du Pt, dans la modélisation des performances statiques et dynamiques d’une PàC. Les retombées attendues portent sur l’amélioration de l’interprétation des caractérisations menées régulièrement (EIS, OCV, balayages sinus de forte amplitude aux très basses fréquences…), permettant le suivi du vieillissement. / This thesis work deals with the thematic of the Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM LT) Fuel Cell (FC) aging. The use of a FC inside a H2 battery (association of a FC, an electrolyzer and H2 / O2 tanks) in a stationary context is considered in an island micro-grid based on renewable energies (wind and solar power). Two axes linked with the FC use and aging in this context are investigated in this work: one of the axes is centered in the study of the FC performance decrease dynamics over time and the other on the development of methods and tools dedicated to the state of health monitoring during the FC operation. The first thematic is introduced through the exploitation of several aging campaigns performed on PEM FC stack prototypes under constant current solicitations. The stacks considered are fed with pure O2 on the cathode side. A focus is made on the aging heterogeneity inside the stacks and a decoupling between the nominal voltage degradation dynamics and the development of the H2 internal leak with time is highlighted for the different stacks and campaigns. A generic methodology dissociating the reversible and the irreversible voltage losses dynamics is proposed and is further used as a basis to model the nominal voltage degradation with time. The model built in this way is showing encouraging results and its potential use for prognostic purpose is suggested. Whereas these investigations focus on the FC performance degradations under constant current solicitation, the impact of load current dynamic variations on the FC aging is also treated with an experimental study performed on single cells. An ageing campaign under a dynamic load profile is performed on several single cells directly hybridized or not by supercapacitors. The hybridized cells are cycling on an almost-constant current profile whereas the non-hybridized cells are cycling on a dynamic one. A comparison of the performances evolution with time in both cases (hybridized and nothybridized) is done and highlights the effect of the dynamic cycling on the FC performance degradation. The second thematic dealing with the FC state of health evaluation is introduced with one of the main causes of the FC end-of-life: the development of the H2 internal leak between the anode and cathode compartments. Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) measurements performed during start-up and shut-down routines phases are scanned a posteriori in one of the aging campaign of the database. The objective is to seek some potential correlations between those OCV measurements and the H2 internal leak increase over time in order to develop internal leak indicators. A gases introduction operating sequence highlighting a link between the internal leak level and the OCV drift for some stack’s cells is identified during some start-up phases and reproduced during a complementary campaign. A last part of the manuscript is finally dedicated to the integration of a parasitic mechanism (the Pt oxidation) into the FC theoretical quasi-static and dynamic performance modeling. The model integrating this phenomenon is showing some abilities to explain and analyze several experimental features observed on classical performance characterization measurements (EIS, OCV measurements, large amplitude sinus sweep at very low frequency…), opening some perspectives for the FC state of health monitoring.

Background: Alcohol consumption has been causally related to the incidence of coronary heart disease, but the role of alcohol before the event has not been explored in depth. This study tested the hypothesis that heavy drinking (binge drinking) increases the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), whereas light to moderate drinking occasions decrease the risk. Methods: Case-crossover design of 250 incident AMI cases in Switzerland, with main hypotheses tested by conditional logistic regression. Results: Alcohol consumption 12 h before the event significantly increased the risk of AMI (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4–6.9). Separately, the effects of moderate and binge drinking before the event on AMI were of similar size but did not reach significance. In addition, AMI patients showed more binge drinking than comparable control subjects from the Swiss general population. Conclusions: We found no evidence that alcohol consumption before the event had protective effects on AMI. Instead, alcohol consumption increased the risk. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are a search heuristic modeled on the processes of evolution. They have been used to solve optimisation problems in a wide variety of fields. When applied to the optimisation of intervention schedules for optimal control problems, such as cancer chemotherapy treatment scheduling, GAs have been shown to require more fitness function evaluations than other search heuristics to find fit solutions. This thesis presents extensions to the GA crossover process, termed directed intervention crossover techniques, that greatly reduce the number of fitness function evaluations required to find fit solutions, thus increasing the effectiveness of GAs for problems of this type. The directed intervention crossover techniques use intervention scheduling information from parent solutions to direct the offspring produced in the GA crossover process towards more promising areas of a search space. By counting the number of interventions present in parents and adjusting the number of interventions for offspring schedules around it, this allows for highly fit solutions to be found in less fitness function evaluations. The validity of these novel approaches are illustrated through comparison with conventional GA crossover approaches for optimisation of intervention schedules of bio-control application in mushroom farming and cancer chemotherapy treatment. These involve optimally scheduling the application of a bio-control agent to combat pests in mushroom farming and optimising the timing and dosage strength of cancer chemotherapy treatments to maximise their effectiveness. This work demonstrates that significant advantages are gained in terms of both fitness function evaluations required and fitness scores found using the proposed approaches when compared with traditional GA crossover approaches for the production of optimal control schedules.

Les séries télévisées dramatiques américaines contemporaines (1990-2005) ont développé un mode de communication spécifique avec les téléspectateurs, fondé sur la construction d’une connivence entre le public et le programme, que nous étudierons en utilisant les principes de la rhétorique épidictique. Deux axes sont particulièrement importants et font l’objet d’une attention particulière : les seuils (titres, génériques, épigraphes, etc.) et les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité.Les premiers sont devenus des lieux de jeu entre les producteurs du discours (chaînes, créateurs, producteurs exécutifs, scénaristes) et le public : oscillant entre normes industrielles et dynamisme créatif personnel, ils accompagnent les téléspectateurs dans leur entrée et leur sortie de la série et manifestent de forts enjeux marketing.Les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité sont d’abord le spin off et le crossover, mais aussi tout le continuum des procédés de citation et de référence qui aboutissent à la constitution d’un texte-centon. Ils finissent par faire de la série télévisée un palimpseste, dans lequel chaque texte est l’écho de mille autres textes, d’événements de notre contemporanéité et nous rappelle les situations de notre vie.La série télévisée devient ainsi un rituel, non seulement de consommation (regarder son épisode chaque semaine), mais aussi au sens que la rhétorique épidictique donne à ce mot : elle permet de créer une communauté réunie autour de valeurs partagées. / Contemporary US TV dramas (from 1990 to 2005) have developed a specific communication process with their viewers, based on a strong proximity established between the audience and the program. In studying this issue we will apply the principles of the epideictic rhetoric. Two aspects are especially relevant and will thus receive particular attention: first the thresholds à la Genette (titles, opening credits, taglines, etc.), then the phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality.Thresholds have become the loci of a game between the discourse producers (networks, creators, executive producers, writers) and the audience: navigating between industrial conventions and personal creative dynamism, they go alongside the TV viewer in its entrance and its exit of the series and embody significant marketing issues.The phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality, on the other hand, are particularly apparent in both the spinoff and the crossover, as well as in a continuum of processes ranging from quotes to references. Altogether they lead to the constitution of a text-cento. Ultimately, they transform TV shows into a palimpsest, in which each text echoes thousands of other texts, key events of our contemporaneousness as well as reminders of the audience’s own life.In summary, TV shows have become a ritual in their own right, not only of consumption (watching an episode a week), but also in the sense that epideictic rhetoric gives to the concept: they create a community united around shared values.

Many collegiate saxophone performance degree programs are overwhelmingly classical, adopting from other performance programs in the Western music tradition. However, there is a growing number of saxophone compositions that are “crossover” in nature. Crossover is a term used to describe the fusion of popular music styles in a classical setting. There is also evidence that collegiate music education as a whole is moving towards a more diverse curriculum, which emphasizes ethnomusicology. Due to this trend in composition and education, it is becoming increasingly important that saxophonists have the training of both classical and jazz disciplines. The problem is that while many colleges have saxophone majors, there is a strong divide between classical and jazz education. This leaves students in a Bachelor of Music in Saxophone Performance degree track without the ability to accurately perform crossover music or have the opportunity to perform jazz and other genres of music. The purpose of this study is to develop a crossover degree in saxophone performance by highlighting aspects of crossover saxophone repertoire and reviewing current university degree catalogs. The research in this study is meant to diagnose omissions in performance degree programs as far as crossover development and to create a new degree track for saxophonists in an effort to promote diverse performance ability.

O sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S) foi recentemente conhecido como um gasotransmissor muito importante com função neuroprotetora, antioxidante, antiinflamatória, vasodilatadora, antiapoptótica e angiogênica, tanto em condições fisiológicas quanto patológicas. Quando metilado, produz metanotiol (CH3SH), e ambos constituem os gases mais ofensivos e responsáveis pela halitose de origem intraoral. Objetivos: Este ensaio clínico cruzado avaliou a eficácia de enxaguantes à base de clorexidina (CHX) ou óleos essenciais (OE) na redução de níveis de H2S e CH3SH. Métodos: 21 indivíduos adultos (8 homens, 13 mulheres) foram aleatoriamente alocados em um estudo cruzado de 4 períodos. Quatro enxaguantes foram testados: Periogard® com álcool (controle positivo) (CHXc/a) e sem álcool (CHXs/a); ListerineTotal® (OEc/a) e ListerineZeroTM (OEs/a), dispostos em quatro sequências de uso. Todos os voluntários foram convidados a abster-se de higiene oral por um período de 12 horas para os escores basais. Cada produto foi usado uma só vez, seguido por um período de washout de uma semana. O hálito foi medido por aparelho de cromatografia gasosa portátil-OralChromaTM antes e 1, 2 e 3 horas depois do bochecho. A análise exploratória de dados, através de medidas de localização central e de dispersão foi realizada. As comparações das médias das variáveis foram feitas pelo modelo de efeitos mistos linear para dados longitudinais, utilizando PROC MIXED do software SAS ® 9.2. Resultados: Em comparação com os níveis basais, na primeira hora, apenas OEc/a foi capaz de reduzir significativamente o hálito (H2S p <0,0001 e CH3SH p=0,001) para ambos os gases e o seu efeito durou até três horas (H2S p <0,0001 e CH3SH p=0,001). CHXc/a (controle) reduziu o H2S na primeira hora (p = 0,001) e durou três horas (H2S p<0,0001) sem efeito sobre o CH3SH. CHXs/a apenas reduziu os níveis de H2S, mas com menos eficácia em todo o período (p=0,001 para as 3 vezes). OEs/a não teve efeito no hálito, que aumentou com o tempo para ambos os gases. Conclusão: O OEc/a apresentou melhor desempenho em relação à halitose intraoral, seguido pelo controle CHXc/a e CHXs/a. / Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recently known as a very important gasotransmitter with neuroprotectant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, angiogenic and antiapoptotics functions both in physiological and pathological conditions. When methylated, produces methanethiol (CH3SH), and both are the most offensive gases responsible for intra-oral halitosis. This crossover clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX) or essential oils (EO) based mouthrinses for reduction of H2S and CH3SH levels. 21 adult subjects (8 male, 13 female) were randomly allocated into a four period crossover trial. Four mouthrinses were tested: Periogard® with alcohol (positive control) (CHXw/a) and without alcohol (CHXn/a); ListerineTotal® (EOw/a) and ListerineZeroTM (EOn/a) arranged into four sequences of use. All the volunteers were asked to refrain from oral hygiene for a 12- hours period for baseline scores. Each product was used at once, followed by a one-week washout period. The breath was measured by portable gas chromatograph OralChromaTM before rinsing and after 1, 2 and 3 hours. Exploratory analysis of data through measures of central location and dispersion was performed. Comparisons of the means of the variables were made by linear mixed effect model for longitudinal data by using PROC MIXED from SAS® 9.2 software. Compared to the baseline, at the first hour, only EOw/a was able to significantly reduce the breath (H2S p<0.0001 and CH3SH p=0.001) for both gases and its effect lasted for up to three hours (H2S p<0.0001 and CH3SH p=0.001). CHXw/a(control) reduced H2S at the first hour (p=0.001) and lasted for three hours (H2S p<0.0001) without effect on CH3SH. CHXn/a just reduced H2S levels but less effectively at the whole period (p=0.001 for the 3 times). EOn/a had no effect on breath, which increased with time for both gases. The EOw/a presented the best performance against intra-oral halitosis followed by the control CHXw/a and CHXn/a.