This thesis analyses the implementation of a student-centred learning approach at the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), in the context of the current curricular reform. The main objective of the thesis is to gain understanding of the implementation of a student-centred learning approach and how the innovation is related to the acquisition of teachers’ pedagogical competence at the above mentioned university. A sociocultural approach and more specifically Cultural Historical Activity Theory is used as a theoretical framework given that it provides a view of learning as a context based social activity. A qualitative approach based on document analysis, classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with different actors in the process of teaching, learning and teacher training was used. The findings of the three studies carried out and presented in four articles in the thesis show that the lecturers do not feel ownership of the curriculum reform introducing the new pedagogical approach, and revealed a conflict of interests in the process of implementation of the reform. Students appear to be unclear about the significance of the new approach and they cannot judge if it is correctly implemented. Contextual factors such as a high number of students in the classroom, poor infrastructure and inadequate access to educational resources also affect the students’ performance in their learning. The university teachers expressed a need for training and the creation of adequate material conditions in order to be able to apply the innovations. However, signs of positive attitudes towards this approach were also revealed by the informants, which demonstrates the existing potential of the reform. It was found that the role of the teacher is crucial in making students active, motivated and self-regulated. Moreover, the students’ active learning depends on several factors, such as contextual, social and psychological aspects of the process. In relation to the acquisition of teachers’ pedagogical competence, a comparative study of the official documents of Eduardo Mondlane University and Umeå University explicitly shows a focus on the development of pedagogical competence for all categories of teachers. However, due to significant differences in historical pre-conditions, cultural contexts and educational artefacts the findings revealed many differences in the corresponding collective activity systems. In conclusion, the thesis indicates that the implementation of student-centred learning at UEM depends on the availability of good educational infrastructure and also the development of human resources. Furthermore, less hierarchical communication at the university could accelerate the process.

This study interrogates whose knowledge about the self and the other is represented to Iranian students in the 2004 and in selected pre-2004 editions of elementary and guidance school textbooks by analyzing how issues of identity politics, diversity, “citizenship” and development inform the construction of Iranian national identity since the introduction of various curriculum reforms (i.e.: global education) after the Revolution of 1978-79. I draw upon antiracism and transnationalism as discourses of analysis through which the West-East dichotomy is (re)evaluated and interrogated within the context of Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism and Boroujerdi’s (1996) conceptualization of “Orientalism in reverse”. I utilize deconstruction, discourse and qualitative interpretative content analyses as methods of investigating how “race”, ethnicity, social class and gender are configured in representations of sameness and difference. I “look at style, figures of speech, settings, narrative devices, historical and social circumstances, not the correctness of the representation nor its fidelity to some great original” (Said, 1978, p. 28). I argue that the ideal citizen and Iranian national identity are constructed by references to conflicting discourses of mustāżafīn (the oppressed), jīhād-i sūzandagī (the Reconstruction Jīhād), ‘ashayir (nomadic tribes), Ummat-i Islamī (Islamic Nation/Community), Īrān-dūstī (loving Iran), the Aryan migration, velayat-e-faqih and colonialism. In their discursive formations, nationalist, anti-imperialist, Islamic, middle-class and Orientalist narratives construct a homogenized Iranian citizenry who has always been active in regional/global relations of power. The ideal citizen is represented through the invocation of two types/sets of “shifting collectivities” that identify it as “white”, male, Shi’a, Aryan-Pars, progressive, independent, pious and a leader in the Islamic world. The first set divides between Shi’a-Persians and non-Shi’a and non-Persians. The second set of binary oppositions represents the ideal citizen in relation and in opposition to the West and the East in their multiple and historical forms. These textbooks are assimilationist texts that act as “border patrolling” and “stignatizing” discourses. They are also forms of “textual genocide” that exclude the voices and histories of national and global minorities and acts of discrimination committed by Iranians against women and minority religious and ethnic groups as official knowledge about friendly/enemy insiders and outsiders.

The intent of this professional doctorate study was to clarify theory and develop knowledge that could benefit the researcher's workplace. It achieved two aims. The first was the useful knowledge gained by the insider-researcher about how to effect teacher learning in a reform context. The second was the improved understanding of the uniqueness of contextual conditions that affected teacher learning in one school. A case study of a single school site was the means of examining the problem of what issues confronted teachers in learning new knowledge mandated by curriculum reform, along with why those issues existed and how teachers dealt with them. A genealogical approach to the literature investigation determined where, why and how teacher learning should be effected in a learning community, in what reflected an "outside in" approach to the problem. However, the intent of the study was that this should be balanced by the "inside out" approach evident in the consideration of what teachers in a school had to say about the realities of teacher learning. Interviews with teachers considered good informants resulted in quality data that facilitated the construction of explanatory theory. A comparison of this theory constructed from data grounded in the realities of teachers' experiences with the theory derived from the literature constituted the final stage of clarifying the problem. Results from the study, therefore, represented both useful knowledge and understanding of the problem. These were of benefit to the specific school, while contributing to the professional efficacy of the researcher-insider, responsible for delivering curriculum reform that was dependent on teacher learning.

A trajetória histórica dos cursos de Licenciatura é demarcada por pequenos avanços e eventuais retrocessos. As descontinuidades desse processo sinalizam a interferência de inúmeros fatores políticos e culturais. A proposta de formação de professores instaurada no país a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) e disciplinada por meio das Resoluções CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 e das Diretrizes Nacionais específicas aos cursos, trouxe ideias inovadoras e animadoras acerca desse tema, visto que sugeriu reflexões mais amplas do que as reformas anteriores, promovendo um processo de reconstrução das Licenciaturas e, consequentemente, a necessidade de adequação na mentalidade dos formadores que nela atuam e das instituições que as facultam. Desse modo, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de todo o país vêm implementando, de forma mandatória, reformas em suas estruturas curriculares. É neste contexto que se desenvolve esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo analisar as implicações das atuais DCN‟s para os cursos de Licenciatura e as possibilidades de uma nova perspectiva de formação inicial docente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, a fim de investigar os cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas e de História da UFRGS. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas técnicas: a análise documental, para examinar os documentos legais e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e a entrevista semiestruturada, buscando na fala dos professores a sua perspectiva sobre a reforma curricular e a existência de práticas incentivadoras da formação do sujeito crítico-reflexivo. A investigação aponta para a dificuldade de construção dos Planos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs) e de adequação das matrizes curriculares conforme a verificação da imprecisão de alguns dados conferidos na análise documental como, por exemplo, a ampliação da carga horária das práticas pedagógicas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o desconhecimento dos professores das disciplinas específicas sobre o conteúdo da reforma. Um achado deste estudo diz respeito a uma não autonomia dos cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura, identificada na seleção por um mesmo concurso vestibular. Esses e outros fatores permitem afirmar que o processo de reforma ainda está em andamento devido aos dissensos e conflitos historicamente instituídos no cotidiano das instituições. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no campo de discussões teóricas sobre políticas educacionais, formação docente e relação teoria e prática, e apoia-se nos estudos de Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007). / The historical trajectory of the undergraduate courses is marked for small advances and accidental setbacks. The discontinuities of this process signalize the interference s of countless cultural and political factors. The proposal for training teachers established in the country from LDBEN and disciplined by the resolutions CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 and the Diretrizes Nacionais specified to the coursers, brought innovative and exciting ideas about this subject since it proposed wider reflections than the previous renovations, promoting a process of rebuilding of Undergraduate courses, and consequently, the necessity of adequacy of trainer teachers that act in there and the institutions that provide them. Thus, the IES of the whole country have been implementing reforms in a mandatory way, reforms in their curriculum structures and it is in this context this research develops , which has the aim to analyze the implications of the present DCNs for the Undergraduate courses and the possibilities of a new perspective of the initial teaching training to investigate. The research was developed in a qualitative approach by of case study to investigate the Undergraduate courses of Biological Sciences and History of UFRGS. To collect data two techniques were used: the document analyses for analizyng the legal documents and the pedagogical projects of the courses and a semi- structured interview looking for in teachers‟voices their perspective on the curriculum reform and existence of supportive practices formation of critical reflexive subjects. The investigation points to the difficulty of construction of PPCs and the adequacy of curriculum matrices according to the inaccuracy of some analyzed data in the documental analysis; for example, the expansion of teaching practices, teaching formation working hours. Another aspect to be emphasized is the unfamiliarity of the specific subjects teachers on the content of this reform. A finding of this study refers to the non autonomy of the bachelor and Undergraduate identified in the selection through a same entrance exam. These and other factors allow to affirm that the reform process is still going on due to dissensious historical institute conflicts in the daily work of the institutions. This research is based on theory and discussions about educational policies and the practice –theory relation, supported by the studies of Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007).

A trajetória histórica dos cursos de Licenciatura é demarcada por pequenos avanços e eventuais retrocessos. As descontinuidades desse processo sinalizam a interferência de inúmeros fatores políticos e culturais. A proposta de formação de professores instaurada no país a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) e disciplinada por meio das Resoluções CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 e das Diretrizes Nacionais específicas aos cursos, trouxe ideias inovadoras e animadoras acerca desse tema, visto que sugeriu reflexões mais amplas do que as reformas anteriores, promovendo um processo de reconstrução das Licenciaturas e, consequentemente, a necessidade de adequação na mentalidade dos formadores que nela atuam e das instituições que as facultam. Desse modo, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de todo o país vêm implementando, de forma mandatória, reformas em suas estruturas curriculares. É neste contexto que se desenvolve esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo analisar as implicações das atuais DCN‟s para os cursos de Licenciatura e as possibilidades de uma nova perspectiva de formação inicial docente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, a fim de investigar os cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas e de História da UFRGS. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas técnicas: a análise documental, para examinar os documentos legais e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e a entrevista semiestruturada, buscando na fala dos professores a sua perspectiva sobre a reforma curricular e a existência de práticas incentivadoras da formação do sujeito crítico-reflexivo. A investigação aponta para a dificuldade de construção dos Planos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs) e de adequação das matrizes curriculares conforme a verificação da imprecisão de alguns dados conferidos na análise documental como, por exemplo, a ampliação da carga horária das práticas pedagógicas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o desconhecimento dos professores das disciplinas específicas sobre o conteúdo da reforma. Um achado deste estudo diz respeito a uma não autonomia dos cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura, identificada na seleção por um mesmo concurso vestibular. Esses e outros fatores permitem afirmar que o processo de reforma ainda está em andamento devido aos dissensos e conflitos historicamente instituídos no cotidiano das instituições. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no campo de discussões teóricas sobre políticas educacionais, formação docente e relação teoria e prática, e apoia-se nos estudos de Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007). / The historical trajectory of the undergraduate courses is marked for small advances and accidental setbacks. The discontinuities of this process signalize the interference s of countless cultural and political factors. The proposal for training teachers established in the country from LDBEN and disciplined by the resolutions CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 and the Diretrizes Nacionais specified to the coursers, brought innovative and exciting ideas about this subject since it proposed wider reflections than the previous renovations, promoting a process of rebuilding of Undergraduate courses, and consequently, the necessity of adequacy of trainer teachers that act in there and the institutions that provide them. Thus, the IES of the whole country have been implementing reforms in a mandatory way, reforms in their curriculum structures and it is in this context this research develops , which has the aim to analyze the implications of the present DCNs for the Undergraduate courses and the possibilities of a new perspective of the initial teaching training to investigate. The research was developed in a qualitative approach by of case study to investigate the Undergraduate courses of Biological Sciences and History of UFRGS. To collect data two techniques were used: the document analyses for analizyng the legal documents and the pedagogical projects of the courses and a semi- structured interview looking for in teachers‟voices their perspective on the curriculum reform and existence of supportive practices formation of critical reflexive subjects. The investigation points to the difficulty of construction of PPCs and the adequacy of curriculum matrices according to the inaccuracy of some analyzed data in the documental analysis; for example, the expansion of teaching practices, teaching formation working hours. Another aspect to be emphasized is the unfamiliarity of the specific subjects teachers on the content of this reform. A finding of this study refers to the non autonomy of the bachelor and Undergraduate identified in the selection through a same entrance exam. These and other factors allow to affirm that the reform process is still going on due to dissensious historical institute conflicts in the daily work of the institutions. This research is based on theory and discussions about educational policies and the practice –theory relation, supported by the studies of Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007).

A partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira (LDBEN) do ano de 1996, iniciou-se a produção de diversos documentos, tanto de orientações como de definições em torno da organização de conteúdos, ou ainda, sobre as ideias geradoras dessas bases. Surgem daí os Parâmetros, Diretrizes e Orientações Curriculares Nacionais que, juntamente com as inovações educacionais, o desenvolvimento científico, econômico e social, ou mesmo influenciados pela opção política, subsidiam os processos das reformas ou mudanças curriculares produzidas nos estados. Esta pesquisa trata de compreendermos e discutirmos como se estabelecem as relações de (in)compreensões dos professores de Matemática que dela participaram e que atuam na rede de ensino da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo: o engajamento dos professores; os elementos facilitadores e dificultadores percebidos por eles nesse processo, e as possibilidades de resistências na prática da sala de aula. Para tanto, produzimos e aplicamos questionários e entrevistas a dois grupos de professores, em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Elaboramos, dessa forma, três eixos principais que nortearam nossa pesquisa: o currículo, a competência e a prática docente. Sobre o currículo, pesquisamos suas concepções, as teorias que o influenciam e as pesquisas em Educação e Educação Matemática que fomentam a produção desses documentos. A competência é elemento inovador nos documentos curriculares; ela invade os currículos, porém, produz pluralidade em seu significado. Quanto à formação dos professores, destacamos tanto o conhecimento profissional destes como a resistência elaborada nos seus discursos. / The 1996 Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira (LDBEN) [Brazilian Education Bases and Guidelines Law] paved the way for the production of various strands of literature, involving both guidelines and definitions on the organisation of content and even on the ideas to have generated these bases. The National Curriculum Parameters, Directives and Guidelines soon followed, and, along with innovations in education, scientific, economic and social development and influences from political decisions, have come to subsidise the procedures for curricular reforms or changes produced across each state. This study aims to understand and discuss how (mis)understanding(s) are established on the part of mathematics teachers in the São Paulo state education network by considering teachers engagement, elements which they believe facilitate or complicate the process and practical possibilities for the generation of counterarguments in the classroom. We therefore produced and carried out questionnaires and interviews with two groups of teachers in three regions in the state of São Paulo. This allowed us to develop three strands of focus for our study: the curriculum, teaching competence and teaching practice. In terms of the curriculum, we researched the concepts behind it, the theories to have influenced it and the research into Education and Mathematics Education to have fed the production of the literature. Competence is an innovative element in literature on curricula; it dominates curricula, and yet there is plurality inherent to its meaning. In terms of teacher training, we highlight both professional knowledge and the counterarguments developed in the teachers discourse.

A trajetória histórica dos cursos de Licenciatura é demarcada por pequenos avanços e eventuais retrocessos. As descontinuidades desse processo sinalizam a interferência de inúmeros fatores políticos e culturais. A proposta de formação de professores instaurada no país a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) e disciplinada por meio das Resoluções CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 e das Diretrizes Nacionais específicas aos cursos, trouxe ideias inovadoras e animadoras acerca desse tema, visto que sugeriu reflexões mais amplas do que as reformas anteriores, promovendo um processo de reconstrução das Licenciaturas e, consequentemente, a necessidade de adequação na mentalidade dos formadores que nela atuam e das instituições que as facultam. Desse modo, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de todo o país vêm implementando, de forma mandatória, reformas em suas estruturas curriculares. É neste contexto que se desenvolve esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo analisar as implicações das atuais DCN‟s para os cursos de Licenciatura e as possibilidades de uma nova perspectiva de formação inicial docente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, a fim de investigar os cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas e de História da UFRGS. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas técnicas: a análise documental, para examinar os documentos legais e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e a entrevista semiestruturada, buscando na fala dos professores a sua perspectiva sobre a reforma curricular e a existência de práticas incentivadoras da formação do sujeito crítico-reflexivo. A investigação aponta para a dificuldade de construção dos Planos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs) e de adequação das matrizes curriculares conforme a verificação da imprecisão de alguns dados conferidos na análise documental como, por exemplo, a ampliação da carga horária das práticas pedagógicas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o desconhecimento dos professores das disciplinas específicas sobre o conteúdo da reforma. Um achado deste estudo diz respeito a uma não autonomia dos cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura, identificada na seleção por um mesmo concurso vestibular. Esses e outros fatores permitem afirmar que o processo de reforma ainda está em andamento devido aos dissensos e conflitos historicamente instituídos no cotidiano das instituições. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no campo de discussões teóricas sobre políticas educacionais, formação docente e relação teoria e prática, e apoia-se nos estudos de Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007). / The historical trajectory of the undergraduate courses is marked for small advances and accidental setbacks. The discontinuities of this process signalize the interference s of countless cultural and political factors. The proposal for training teachers established in the country from LDBEN and disciplined by the resolutions CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 and the Diretrizes Nacionais specified to the coursers, brought innovative and exciting ideas about this subject since it proposed wider reflections than the previous renovations, promoting a process of rebuilding of Undergraduate courses, and consequently, the necessity of adequacy of trainer teachers that act in there and the institutions that provide them. Thus, the IES of the whole country have been implementing reforms in a mandatory way, reforms in their curriculum structures and it is in this context this research develops , which has the aim to analyze the implications of the present DCNs for the Undergraduate courses and the possibilities of a new perspective of the initial teaching training to investigate. The research was developed in a qualitative approach by of case study to investigate the Undergraduate courses of Biological Sciences and History of UFRGS. To collect data two techniques were used: the document analyses for analizyng the legal documents and the pedagogical projects of the courses and a semi- structured interview looking for in teachers‟voices their perspective on the curriculum reform and existence of supportive practices formation of critical reflexive subjects. The investigation points to the difficulty of construction of PPCs and the adequacy of curriculum matrices according to the inaccuracy of some analyzed data in the documental analysis; for example, the expansion of teaching practices, teaching formation working hours. Another aspect to be emphasized is the unfamiliarity of the specific subjects teachers on the content of this reform. A finding of this study refers to the non autonomy of the bachelor and Undergraduate identified in the selection through a same entrance exam. These and other factors allow to affirm that the reform process is still going on due to dissensious historical institute conflicts in the daily work of the institutions. This research is based on theory and discussions about educational policies and the practice –theory relation, supported by the studies of Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007).

The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Orientador: César Apareciddo Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regalo_CarlosAlberto_D.pdf: 1820572 bytes, checksum: 9ed9747627c91be87d322f2ba3a59a3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Trata-se de pesquisa histórica de base filosófica e política, voltada para o balanço crítico do impacto das medidas e dispositivos da Reforma Neoliberal da Educação (1996-2006) e suas implicações curriculares e pedagógicas. Parte da recuperação crítica das matrizes históricas e políticas da educação brasileira, desde a implantação da educação e cultura jesuítica no período colonial, como se afirmou uma concepção positivista no alvorecer da República (1889), como se consolidou a proposta educacional do Estado Novo (1937), como se produziram as normas e regulações educacionais da ditadura militar (1971) e como se expressou o viés neoliberal da organização educacional e escolar recente do Brasil (1996). Busca analisar como se formaram e ainda formam ideologicamente as representações de ensinar e aprender e os modos de a escola se apresentar na sociedade. Recupera o contexto das reformas educacionais na Espanha, a partir do final dos anos 1970, e no Brasil, dez anos depois e analisa suas articulações, influências e derivações. Tem se como hipótese que tais diretrizes oficiais foram desenhadas por uma concepção de mercado em que estavam postos alguns traços comuns, a homogeneização de conteúdos e metodologias, a fiscalização avaliatória e um forte apelo à disposição das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula. Apresenta-se, em especial, a implantação do projeto neoliberal no Estado de São Paulo e, para compreendê-lo em suas múltiplas contradições, busca-se desvendar as suas origens e filiações à reforma espanhola. Analisa-se finalmente o cenário educacional brasileiro na contemporaneidade a partir das contradições que se mantém frequentes nesse terceiro milênio e que nos obrigam a reafirmar a necessidade de uma pedagogia histórico-crítica que se oriente pela compreensão da prática política e do esclarecimento emancipatório / Abstract: This work is a historical research based in the philosophical and political critical assessment of the impact of measures and devices of the Neoliberal Reform of Education (1996-2006) and its pedagogical and curricular implications. Has its beginnings in the historical and political matrices of the Brazilian education since the establishment of Jesuit education and culture in the colonial period, as stated a positivist conception of the Republic (1889), as consolidated the educational proposal of New State (1937), as is have produced educational standards and regulations of military dictatorship (1971) and expressed as the bias of the neoliberal educational organization and school's recent Brazil (1996). Seeks to analyze how they formed and still form the ideological representations of teaching and learning and the ways of the school perform in society. Retrieves the context of educational reform in Spain, from the late 1970s, and in Brazil, ten years later, and analyzes their joints, influences and derivations. It has been hypothesized that such official guidelines were designed by a conception of the market in which jobs were some commonalities, the homogenization of content and methodologies, evaluative supervision and a strong appeal to the provision of digital technologies in the classroom. It presents, in particular the implementation of the neoliberal project in the State of São Paulo, and to understand it in its many contradictions, seeks to unravel its origins and affiliations Spanish reform. Finally analyzes the Brazilian educational scenario in contemporary from the contradictions that remain frequent in this third millennium and that require us to reaffirm the need for a historical-critical pedagogy that is driven by an understanding of practical politics and emancipatory enlightenment / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

Diploma thesis is designed as quantitative research study. The aim is to find out the opinion and attitude of teachers from Czech primary schools concerning the new curriculum reform, which has officially come into use in the form of Framework Educational Program in 2005. The new system of curriculum documents replaces the former educational programs based on centrally imposed curriculum and thus broadens the autonomy of teachers and school institutions, who were assigned to prepare their own school educational program. Besides the changes both in the main objectives of primary education and to some extend in the educational content, there has also been a shift in the role and expectations related to the teacher profession. The main purpose of the study is to find out and describe teacher's prevailing opinion of such change in the educational concept and its benefits at the level of compulsory education. Another aim is to present, how teachers perceive the barriers and inner motivations related to these reform changes in schools, and how these barriers affect the overall attitude towards the reform. The research will also show how the changes in schools since the formal reform introduction are evaluated and which parts of the reform realization and to what extend are considered problematic. At last, the...