O objetivo principal desta dissertação explora alguns aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento colaborativo de sistemas de informação na Internet. E apresentado o Editor Diagramático na Internet (EDI), que suporta a especificação colaborativa de aplicações. Este editor utiliza tecnologia e funcionalidade dos hiperdocumentos, oferecendo características como: compartilhamento de informações, colaboração entre vários autores e varias visões dos dados conceituais armazenados. EDI foi implementado utilizando a linguagem de programação Java e projetada de forma genérica para permitir a criação de editores de diferentes notações diagramáticas. Este trabalho propõe a utilização de anotações em documentos de desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação na Internet. Estas anotações auxiliam no desenvolvimento colaborativo de sistemas, tornando o processo mais colaborativo e com um produto resultante de qualidade superior. As anotações estão baseadas em dois tipos de usuários: o usuário proprietário, responsável pela criação do documento, e o usuário colaborador, que inclui anotações nos documentos. Anotações (identificadas por uma especifica cor) podem ser de inclusão, alteração, remoção de conceitos (visões) ou registro de comentários. / The main goal of this work is to explore some issues related to collaborative development of information systems on the Internet. A Diagrammatic Editor on the Internet (EDI) that supports collaborative specification of applications is described. This editor uses hyperdocument technology and funcionalities, offering features such as information sharing, collaboration between several authors, multiple views of the stored conceptual data, among others. EDI was implemented using the Java language, and designed with the purpose of being generic to enable the easy creation of specific editors for different diagrammatic notations. The use of annotations for the joint development of information systems on the Internet is proposed. With these annotations the development process becomes more collaborative and the quality of the final product may increase. Annotations are based on two types of users: the owner, who is an author responsible for the creation of a document, and the collaborator, who makes annotations on those documents. Annotations (identified by one specific colour) can be of inclusion, change and removal of concepts (views), or recording of comments.

Ambientes de Desenvolvimento Baseados em Gramática (ADBG) utilizam uma rigorosa semântica e sintaxe para prover poderosas ferramentas que são capazes de especificar com precisão as propriedades de um sistema visual interativo. Por intermédio destas ferramentas, os ADBGs auxiliam a edição de gramáticas e a partir destas gramáticas geram o sistema visual interativo especificado. Estes ambientes utilizam componentes dos mais diferentes espaços tecnológicos e esta tese em particular está focalizada no estudo da utilização de componentes da eXtended Markup language (XML) em ADBGs. Componentes XML oferecem inúmeras soluções que visam a interoperabilidade e armazenamento de dados. Porém, apesar de amplamente difundidos a complexidade destes componentes causa uma série de problemas que vão desde o baixo desempenho de processamentos até a inviabilização da implementação de operações mais elaboradas. Com o objetivo de diminuir esta complexidade, a presente tese propõe um conjunto simplificado de componentes XML. O conjunto dos componentes XML propostos e seus relacionamentos formam um framework que pode ser utilizado para se construir ADBGs. Após a definição do framework, o mesmo foi utilizado para se implementar o protótipo de um ADBG. A implementação e uso deste protótipo demonstrou concretamente a viabilidade e aplicabilidade das propostas desta tese. Já para demonstrar a referida diferença de complexidade, os componentes XML do framework proposto foram comparados com os componentes XML dos demais ADBGs. A comparação revelou que os componentes XML das demais abordagens têm entidades adicionais que não estão presentes nos componentes propostos. Este conjunto adicional de entidades comprovou a maior complexidade dos componentes XML utilizados nos demais ADBGs. Adicionalmente, a referida comparação demonstrou que mesmo sendo mais simples os componentes propostos mantêm as mesmas funcionalidades que os componentes atualmente utilizados. / Development Environments Based on Grammar (DEBGs) often rely on rigorous syntax and semantics, which provide powerful tools to fully specify visual interactive systems and its properties. Such environments provide to visual interactive system developers a set of editors to aid the grammar specification. From these grammars specifications the DEBGs can generate the specified visual interactive systems. Such environments can use components from several technological spaces. However this thesis is focused on the application of eXtended Markup language (XML) components in DEBGs. XML components provide many solutions in terms of interoperability and data storing. Despite of its widely application, the complexity of XML components is the cause of problems such as low processing performance and inviability of many implementations. Aiming to decrease such complexity, we propose a set of simplified XML components. The set of proposed XML components and its relationships compose a framework that can be used to develop DEBGs. After the framework specification, the framework was used to implement a DEBG prototype. Such prototype shows the viability and applicability our proposals. We demonstrate the referred complexity difference comparing the XML components proposed in this thesis with the XML components applied in others DEBGs. Basically, the XML component of others DEBGs has all entities of correspondent component proposed in this thesis more a set of extra entities. This set of extra entities demonstrates the greater complexity of other approaches. Additionally, the referred comparison demonstrates that despite of its simplifications, the proposed components have the same functionalities than the current components.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao EleuLimaNatalli.pdf: 2349516 bytes, checksum: 1476111a4c48f07346f74cae37ebf739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Web oferece uma oportunidade inédita de promover a integração de pessoas para a realização de atividades de qualquer natureza, seja para o trabalho, para o lazer ou para o estudo. Com isto vê-se crescer a demanda por novas aplicações colaborativas. Neste contexto vimos surgir uma classe de aplicações denominada de Ambientes Colaborativos. Embora muito se tenha avançado com o surgimento de ambientes de propósito geral, onde os AVAs e CMSs se destacam, tem-se observado que estes nem sempre se ajustam às necessidade e preferências de grupos específicos. É portanto desejável a oferta de facilitadores para criação de propostas inovadoras. Nesse trabalho, é apresentado um framework para o desenvolvimento de ambientes pertencentes a esta classe de aplicações. O objetivo da proposta é facilitar o processo de construção deste gênero de ambientes, promovendo artefatos facilitadores para uso, segundo a abordagem do Modelo 3C de colaboração. A proposta foi construída a partir da metodologia Hot-Spot Driven Design acoplados com boas práticas da Engenharia de Software, além de utilizar os conceitos de Unidade de Produção Intelectual (UPI) e Veículos de comunicação (Vcom) para modelagem dos espaços de colaboração, propostos no projeto MOrFEu. Por fim, o trabalho também apresenta um protótipo do framework proposto, como forma de materializar os conceitos descritos e realçar a viabilidade da proposta, criando-se um conjunto de ambientes colaborativos / The Web offers an unprecedented opportunity to promote the integration of persons to perform activities of any nature, whether for work, for leisure or for study. With this one sees growing demand for new collaborative applications. In this context we have seen an emerging class of applications called Collaborative Environments. Although much progress has been made with the emergence of general-purpose environments, where VLEs and CMSs stand out, it has been observed that these do not always fit the needs and preferences of specific groups. It is therefore desirable to offer facilitators for creating innovative proposals. In this work, we present a framework for the development of environments of this class of applications. The aim of the proposal is to facilitate the process of building this kind of environments, promoting artifacts facilitators to use, according to the approach of the 3C collaboration model. The proposal was built on the methodology Hot-Spot-Driven Design coupled with best practices of software engineering, in addition to using the concepts of Intellectual Production Unit (UPI) and communication vehicle (Vcom) for modeling collaborative spaces proposed in the MOrFEu project. Finally, the work also presents a prototype of the proposed framework as a way of materializing the concepts described and enhance the viability of the proposal, creating a set of collaborative environments

By using a case study design this essay examines and describes the talent development environment in a football club. The aim of the study is to examine the talent development environment in a youth academy that is a part of a professional Swedish football club that plays in the highest domestic league. The theoretical framework is Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs (2016) developed model that shows which factors in a talent development environment that are possible to influence. The framework also includes themes and head groups that are connected to Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model. This study has a qualitative research strategy in form of document analysis, questionnaires and interview. The results show that the football club works with talent development on all the levels in Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model which includes the developmental environment in the football club and its closest surroundings as well as socio-economical, cultural and sport conditions.

This thesis deals with the development environment for generating client/server database applications. The thesis defines the characteristics of good architecture of database applications and proposes appropriate concepts for the unification of system parts of the application. It also analyzes the characteristics of the development environment to facilitate the implementation of database applications. In thesis is proposed data model. There is implemented a prototype of development enviroment and verified its functionality and correctness of the proposed concepts.

The aim of this work is to design and implement a graphic development environment of agent language ALLL. Language ALLL going to be described in details, such as the ANTLR framework for generating language recognition tools. Theoretical basis of multi-agent systems, together with the features of the selected platform, will be discussed as well. Description of the implementation is followed by the presentation of testing. Closure deals with the discussion of the achieved results.

[pt] O HyperDE, apresentado nesta dissertação, é a combinação de um framework no padrão Model-View-Controller e um ambiente de desenvolvimento visual para a construção de protótipos de aplicações hipermídia, modeladas através dos métodos OOHDM ou SHDM. Como framework MVC, o HyperDE fornece componentes reutilizáveis e extensíveis para as camadas de modelo, visão e controle, especificados como ontologias em RDFS. Como ambiente de desenvolvimento visual, o HyperDE fornece, através de sua interface gráfica e ferramentas auxiliares, uma forma interativa e dinâmica de construir e prototipar uma aplicação hipermídia, com a possibilidade de visualizar imediatamente o resultado de cada passo do processo de desenvolvimento. A arquitetura de desenvolvimento promovida pelo ambiente é orientada a modelos, onde a definição dos modelos navegacionais efetivamente gera a implementação da aplicação. Utilizando um modelo de dados baseado em RDF e RDFS, os modelos navegacionais produzidos no HyperDE podem ser utilizados como ontologias, fazendo-se uso de tecnologias e linguagens da Web Semântica. Além disso, a utilização de uma linguagem de programação dinâmica permite que o HyperDE construa dinamicamente linguagens específicas de domínio para cada aplicação desenvolvida, o que resulta em um modelo de programação mais conciso e natural. / [en] HyperDE, presented in this dissertation, is a combination of a Model-View- Controller framework and a visual development environment for building prototype applications modeled through the OOHDM and SHDM methods. As a MVC framework, HyperDE provides the reusable and extensible components for the model, vision and control layers, specified as ontologies in RDFS. As a visual development environment, HyperDE provides, through its graphical interface and support tools, an interactive and dynamic way for building and prototyping a hypermedia application, making it possible to visualize the results on each step of the development process. The development architecture promoted by the environment is model-driven, in which the definition of the navigational models effectively generate the application implementation. Using data models based on RDF and RDFS, the navigational models produced in HyperDE can be used as ontologies, through semantic web languages and technologies. Also, the use of a dynamic programming language makes it possible for HyperDE to dynamically generate domain-specific languages for each application built, which results in a programming model much more concise and natural.

La seguente Tesi di Dottorato si articola in cinque saggi che esaminano alcuni importanti aspetti legati all'energia in Africa subsahariana, e in particolare all'interazione tra lo sviluppo socio-economico e le sue implicazioni per l'ambiente a livello regionale e globale. I saggi sono introdotti da un capitolo di avvicinamento generale ai temi trattati. Questo capitolo prepara il lettore offrendo un riassunto delle principali sfide legate all'energia nel contesto subsariano e formulando le domande di ricerca e gli strumenti sui quali si basa la tesi stessa. Le principali implicazioni di ciascuno dei saggi, sia per la ricerca che per i decisori politici, vengono poi presentate in un capitolo di discussione finale. Il primo saggio esamina la problematica dell’accesso all'energia, e in particolare all'elettricità. Viene illustrato il ruolo dei dati satellitari e dell'analisi statistica dei dati geospaziali nel migliorare la comprensione della situazione dell'accesso all'elettricità in Africa subsahariana. Il saggio include un'analisi delle disuguaglianze che caratterizzano la qualità dell'accesso all'elettricità nella regione. Il risultato principale è che, dopo decenni, la disuguaglianza nell'accesso all'energia sta iniziando a diminuire. Essa rimane però prominente, in particolare per quanto riguarda la quantità di energia consumata. Viene stimato che gli sforzi di elettrificazione tra il 2020 e il 2030 debbano triplicare il loro passo per raggiungere l'obiettivo di sviluppo sostenibile SDG 7.1.1. Il secondo saggio consiste di una piattaforma di valutazione della domanda energetica bottom-up spazialmente esplicita per stimare il fabbisogno energetico tra le comunità in cui l'accesso all'elettricità è attualmente carente, come identificato con la metodologia introdotta nel primo saggio. La valutazione non si limita al fabbisogno energetico residenziale, ma include un resoconto dettagliato, basato sugli usi finali, del fabbisogno energetico di scuole, strutture sanitarie, pompaggio dell'acqua per l'irrigazione, lavorazione delle colture e microimprese, i principali motori dello sviluppo rurale. Viene condotto uno studio nazionale per il Kenya per dimostrare l'importanza di considerare molteplici fonti di domanda oltre al residenziale quando l'obiettivo è sviluppare una strategia di elettrificazione che supperisca veramente alla povertà energetica. Si dimostra poi che esiste un notevole potenziale di crescita della produttività e della redditività rurale grazie all'apporto di energia elettrica. In molte aree, questi profitti locali potrebbero ripagare gli investimenti nelle infrastrutture di elettrificazione in pochi anni. Il terzo saggio analizza un aspetto specifico dell'interazione tra pianificazione dell'accesso all'elettricità, domanda di energia residenziale e adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici. Vengono combinati dati e scenari climatici, satellitari e demografici per produrre una stima globale spazialmente esplicita della domanda di circolazione e condizionamento dell’aria non soddisfatta a causa della mancanza di accesso all'elettricità. Sulla base di modelli integrati di elettrificazione climatica-energetica e geospaziale, risulta che in Africa sub-sahariana, l'hotspot globale della povertà energetica, tenere conto del fabbisogno di circolazione e condizionamento dell’aria locale stimato (in aggiunta agli obiettivi di consumo residenziale di base) determini una riduzione sostanziale della quota di sistemi standalone come l'opzione di elettrificazione meno costosa entro il 2030, e un importante aumento della capacità di generazione di elettricità e dei requisiti di investimento. Tali risultati suggeriscono la necessità di una maggiore considerazione delle esigenze di adattamento climatico nella pianificazione dei sistemi energetici dei paesi in via di sviluppo e nella valutazione del trade-off tra l'espansione della rete elettrica centrale e sistemi decentralizzati per raggiungere un’elettrificazione universale. La pianificazione dell'elettrificazione deve essere tecnicamente efficiente, ma deve anche considerare l'ambiente politico-economico in cui gli investimenti vengono canalizzati. Il quarto saggio valuta il ruolo della governance e della qualità regolatoria nel quadro di modellazione dell'accesso all'energia elettrica. In particolare, si introduce un indice di governance dell'accesso all'elettricità basato su più indicatori che viene poi implementato nel modello di elettrificazione IMAGE-TIMER. L’effetto dell’indice viene modellato attraverso il suo effetto modificatore sui tassi di sconto privati (una misura del rischio e della disponibilità ad accettare costi futuri rispetto ai costi attuali). I risultati mostrano che la governance e la qualità regolatoria nell'accesso all'elettricità hanno un impatto significativo sul mix tecnologico ottimale e sui flussi di investimenti privati per raggiungere l'elettrificazione universale in Africa subsahariana. In particolare, un ambiente rischioso scoraggia l’investimento da parte dei fornitori privati di soluzioni di accesso decentralizzato all'energia, con il rischio di lasciare molti senza elettricità anche oltre il 2030. Il quinto e ultimo saggio analizza il settore energetico africano da un punto di vista ‘Nexus’. Il saggio valuta l'affidabilità del sistema energetico nei sistemi energetici dominati dall'energia idroelettrica (come in molti paesi dell'Africa centrale e orientale) e del ruolo che i cambiamenti climatici e gli eventi estremi possono esercitare su di esso. Il lavoro combina analisi qualitative e quantitative per (i) proporre un solido framework per evidenziare le interdipendenze tra energia idroelettrica, disponibilità di acqua e cambiamento climatico, (ii) analizzare sistematicamente lo stato dell'arte sugli impatti previsti dei cambiamenti climatici su l'energia idroelettrica nell'Africa subsahariana e (iii) fornire evidenza empirica sui trend passati e sulle traiettorie di sviluppo futuro del settore. I risultati suggeriscono che il cambiamento climatico influenzerà l'affidabilità e la sicurezza della fornitura elettrica attraverso diversi canali. Ad esempio, molti dei principali bacini idrologici sono stati caratterizzati da una diminuzione del livello idrico nel corso del ventesimo secolo. Si evidenzia come tuttavia una diversificazione del mix di generazione elettrico sia finora stata promossa solo in un numero limitato di paesi. Si suggerisce infine che l'integrazione delle fonti rinnovabili variabili con l'energia idroelettrica possa aumentare la resilienza del sistema. / This dissertation is a collection of five essays examining some important energy-related aspects at the interplay of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)’s development and its interactions with the regional and global environment. The essays are introduced by a general overview chapter – highlighting the core energy-related challenges of SSA and the scope of this work. The main implications of the essays, both for research and for policymakers, are then considered in the final discussion chapter. The first essay focuses on access to modern energy, and chiefly on electricity. I illustrate the role of satellite data and the statistical analysis of geospatial data in improving the understanding of the electricity access situation in sub-Saharan Africa. The essay includes an analysis of inequality characterising the electricity access quality in the region. The main finding is that after decades, energy access inequality is beginning to decline but it remains prominent in particular as far as the quantity consumed is concerned. I find that electrification efforts between 2020 and 2030 must triplicate their pace to meet Sustainable Development Goal 7.1.1. The second essay develops a spatially-explicit bottom-up energy demand assessment platform to estimate the energy needs among communities where access to electricity is currently lacking, as identified with the methodology introduced in the first essay. The assessment is not restricted to residential energy needs, but it includes a detailed, appliance-based account of power needs for schools, healthcare facilities, water pumping for irrigation, crop processing, and micro enterprises, the key drivers of rural development. I carry out a country-study for Kenya to show the importance of considering multiple demand sources beyond residential when the aim is developing an electrification strategy which truly overcomes energy poverty. I also show that there is considerable potential for rural productivity and profitability growth thanks to the input of electric energy. In many areas, these local profits might pay back the electrification infrastructure investment in only few years. The third essay analyses a specific aspect at the interplay between electricity access planning, household energy demand and climate change adaptation. I combine climate, satellite, and demographic data and scenarios to produce a global spatially-explicit estimate of unmet ACC demand due to the lack of electricity access. Based on integrated climate-energy and geospatial electrification modelling, I find that in sub-Saharan Africa, the global hotspot of energy poverty, accounting for the estimated local ACC needs on top of baseline residential consumption targets determines a substantial reduction in the share of decentralised systems as the least-cost electrification option by 2030, and a major ramp-up in the power generation capacity and investment requirements. My results call for a greater consideration of climate adaptation needs in the planning of energy systems of developing countries and in evaluating the trade-off between the central power grid expansion and decentralised systems to achieve universal electrification. Electrification planning must be techno-economically efficient, but it must also consider the political-economic environment where investment needs to be channelled. The fourth essay evaluates the role of governance and regulatory quality in the electricity access modelling framework. In particular, I introduce an Electricity Access Governance Index based on multiple indicators implement it into the PBL’s IMAGE-TIMER electrification model through its modifier effect on private discount rates (a measure of risk and willingness to accept future costs vis-à-vis present costs). The results show that governance and regulatory quality in electricity access have a significant impact on the optimal technological mix and the private investment flows for reaching universal electrification in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, risky environment crowd out private providers of decentralised energy access solutions with the risk of leaving many without electricity even after 2030. The fifth and final essay takes a nexus perspective in the analysis of the African power sector. It deals with the reliability of the energy system in hydropower-dominated power systems (such as in many countries in Central and East Africa) and the role that climate change and extreme events can exert on it. The essay combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to (i) propose a robust framework to highlight the interdependencies between hydropower, water availability, and climate change, (ii) systematically review the state-of-the art literature on the projected impacts of climate change on hydropower in sub-Saharan Africa, and (iii) provide supporting evidence on past trends and current pathways of power mix diversification, drought incidence, and climate change projections. I find that climate change can affect supply reliability and security in multiple ways. For instance, several major river basins have been drying throughout the twentieth century. Nonetheless, I highlight that diversification has hitherto only been promoted in a limited number of countries. I suggest how integrating variable renewables and hydropower can increase system resilience.

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism is mandated to focus on growing the provincial economy, empowering women and youth, on supporting small businesses and co-operatives and improving the lives of the people of the province for the better as indicated in the Limpopo Economic Development, Environment and Tourism Province Budget Vote (2015/16). Economic growth and social wellbeing are closely tied to the ability to protect the natural environment. Mining, electricity generation and agriculture are among the economic activities that have a direct impact on the environment and need to be carried out in a sustainable and responsible manner. Towards this vision, the assets which are furniture, transport, computer hardware and other machinery and equipment need to be managed efficiently and effectively in order to fulfil the needs of society and the departments. These assets represent an enormous value for the owner which is LEDET and for society at large. To grasp the full potential of these assets, a deep and thorough understanding of an asset’s complete lifetime is needed. However, the assets especially physical assets, public buildings and infrastructures are not managed properly and that results in numerous challenges and audit queries that are raised by the Auditor General. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges that are facing the asset management unit of Limpopo Department of Economic Development & Tourism (LEDET). Asset Management has been hailed as important in order to enable government to deliver proper services to the citizens of the country. This has encouraged the researcher to undertake the study in order to add more knowledge on the asset management process of the government, looking at the challenges and possible solutions. The need for this study was considered relevant and necessary as government departments and other private sectors face numerous challenges in implementing the asset management. Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism, as a case study, faces challenges in fulfilling some of its mandate due to lack of support from asset management activities. In terms of its strategic plan, the department seeks to address issues relating to economic growth, the promotion and development of tourism and using environmental management to guide and monitor sustainable development in the province. These challenges have negative implications on the delivery of services to the communities it serves. In this study, the researcher investigated the following: demographic profile of respondents, challenges facing asset management, the impact of asset management on service delivery and lastly the best practice on the implementation of asset management. Data were analysed into themes and revealed communication, training, interpretation of relevant prescripts, limited resources, proper allocation of resources and effective participation of relevant stakeholders as, amongst others, challenges to the process. The study concluded by providing recommendations to management of the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism on how to improve the asset management activities to achieve the strategic goals of the department. The recommendations proposed are improved communications with stakeholders, development of asset plan, skills capacity of asset management officials and sourcing the asset information system that integrates with the financial system to provide a reliable asset register. / LEDET (Limpopo Department of Economic Development & Tourism)

The choice of development environment can be crucial when it comes to developing a software. Few researches exist on comparing development environments. Docker is a relatively new software for handling and setting up container-environments. In this research, the possibility of using Docker as a software development environment is being investigated and compared against virtual machines as a development environment. The purpose of this research is to examine how the choice of development environment affect the development process. The work was qualitative, with an inductive and a deductive approach. It included a case study with two phases. One in which virtual machines and one in which Docker were used to implement a development environment. Observations were made after each implementation. The data from each implementation were then compared and evaluated against each other. The results from the comparisons and the evaluation clearly shows that the choice of development environment can influence the process of developing software. Different development environments affect the development process differently, both good and bad. With Docker, it’s possible to run more environments at once than when using virtual machines. Also, Docker stores the environments in a clever way that results in the environments taking up less space on the secondary storage compared to virtual machine environments. This is due to that Docker uses a layer system when it comes to containers and their components. When using Docker, no Graphical User Interface (GUI) to install and manage applications inside a container is provided, this can be a drawback since some developers may need a GUI to work. The lack of a GUI makes it harder to get an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to work properly with a container to for example debug code. / Valet av utvecklingsmiljö kan vara avgörande vid utveckling av mjukvara. Få undersökningar finns idag angående jämförelser mellan utvecklingsmiljöer. Docker är en relativt ny mjukvara för att sätta upp samt hantera container- miljöer. I denna undersökning, kommer möjligheten att använda Docker som utvecklingsmiljö att undersökas och jämföras mot virtuella maskiner som utvecklingsmiljö. Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur valet av utvecklingsmiljö påverkar utvecklingsprocessen av en mjukvara. Arbetet bedrevs på ett kvalitativt sätt, med både ett induktivt samt ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Det inkluderade även en fältstudie med två faser. En där virtuella maskiner och en där Docker användes till att implementera en utvecklingsmiljö. Observationer utfördes efter varje implementation. Data från varje implementation jämfördes och evaluerades mot varandra. Resultaten från jämförelserna och evalueringen visar att valet av utvecklingsmiljö har inflytande på processen av utveckling av mjukvara. Olika utvecklingsmiljöer påverkar utvecklingsprocessen olika, både på bra och dåliga sätt. Med Docker är det möjligt att köra fler miljöer samtidigt än vad som är möjligt vid användande av virtuella maskiner. Docker lagrar även miljöerna på ett smart sätt, som gör att de tar upp mindre plats på den sekundära lagringen jämfört med virtuella maskiner. Detta är på grund av att Docker använder sig av ett lager-system när det gäller containrar och deras komponenter. När Docker används, tillhandhålls inget Graphical User Interface (GUI) för att installera eller hanterar applikationer inuti en container, detta kan vara en nackdel då vissa utvecklare kan behöva ett GUI för att arbeta. Avsaknaden av ett GUI gör det svårare att få en Integrated Development Environment (IDE) att fungera ordentligt med en container för att till exempel avlusa kod.