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Violences en Centrafrique : pouvoirs de déplacer, manières de migrer : centreafricains déplacés et réfugiés (Cameroun, Tchad) / Violence in Central African Republic (CAR) : power to move, manners of migrating : internally displaced people in CAR and refugees (Cameroon, Chad)Chauvin, Emmanuel 24 June 2015 (has links)
Depuis 1996, conflits armés, grand banditisme (coupeurs de route) et razzias ont forcé des centaines de milliers de Centrafricains à migrer, à l’intérieur de leur pays (déplacés internes) ou vers l'étranger proche (réfugiés au Cameroun et au Tchad). Au travers divers courants de la géographie (politique, du développement, des mobilités), ce travail montre que les migrations forcées se construisent au croisement entre les pratiques des migrants et les choix politiques des structures d'encadrement (États, groupes armés, organisations d'aide humanitaire). Il se fonde sur une approche transversale de la migration forcée (du lieu d'origine au retour éventuel) et sur des enquêtes de terrain multi-situées (Centrafrique, Cameroun, Tchad). Une première partie démontre que les violences ne sont pas causées par la faiblesse de l'État centrafricain, mais par les politiques de ses dirigeants. Les populations sont prises pour cible dans des conflits irréguliers pour contrôler l'appareil d'État et par des groupes armés qui pillent les ressources (bétail, récoltes, infrastructures publiques, diamants). Une seconde partie montre que si les insécurités jouent sur l'ampleur, la répartition spatiale et la durée des exils, les migrants orientent leurs cheminements selon leurs habitudes circulatoires. Ils empruntent divers champs de mobilités pour fuir les violences (mobilités agricoles et pastorales, relations villes-campagnes). Une troisième partie met en perspective le rôle de l'aide humanitaire et des politiques d'asile dans la production de l'espace migratoire, autour de deux formes d’accueil : les camps de réfugiés, la dispersion des migrants dans des villes et des villages. / Since 1996, armed conflicts, organized crime (road bandits) and raids have forced hundreds of thousands of Central African Republic people to migrate within their own country (IDPs) or to bordering countries (refugee in Cameroon and Chad). Through various geographical schools (political, development, mobility), this work demonstrate that forced migrations results from both the practices of migrants and the political choices or the supervisory organizations (states, armed groups, humanitarian organizations). It is based on a transversal approach of forced migration (ranging from the starting point of the migrant up to his possible return) and multi-located field surveys (CAR, Cameroon, Chad). The first part shows that violence is not caused by the weakness of the CAR state, but by the policies of its leaders. The populations are targeted in the course or irregular conflicts aimed at controlling the political machinery and by armed groups plundering ressources (livestock, crops, public infrastructure, diamonds). The second part shows that if insecurities influence the extent, the spatial distribution and the duration of exiles, migrants direct their paths according to their regular circulations. They use various fields of mobility to escape violence (agricultural and pastoral mobility, urban-rural relationship). A third part put sinto perspective the role of humanitarian aid and asylum policies in the production of the migratory space (refugee, camps, dispersion of migrants).
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Nucená migrace z Čečenska v období čečenských válek / Forced migration from Chechnya in a time of Chechen warsParamonova, Svetlana January 2020 (has links)
This master thesis deals with a study of forced migration from the Chechen republic during Chechen wars in 1996-2002. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the study of migration strategies of refugees from Chechnya. This qualitative study attempts to grasp the complexity of forced migration process and to depict it from the perspective of refugees. It explores motives and strategies of mobility of the Chechen refugees now living in Russia and Austria and of those refugees, who have returned to Chechnya after the war was over. The impact of this armed conflict on population mobility was examined with a qualitative research of sixteen refugees, who had left Chechnya because of the war. The results of the research show the link between refugee's age and likelihood of return, differences in decision-making of Chechen and Russian refugees, and the strong influence of the social networks on the decision-making and after arrival at destination. Key words Chechnya, forced migration, reasons for migration, destinations, returns, qualitative approach
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'Building the Plane While Flying It': Forced Migration and Education Policy Responses in a Midwestern, Metropolitan Elementary SchoolKosnak, Molly Catherine 05 May 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Ripped from the Land, Shipped Away and Reborn: Unthinking the Conceptual and Socio-Geo-Historical Dimensions of the Massacre of BellavistaVergara Figueroa, Aurora 01 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The monograph Ripped from the land, shipped away, and reborn introduces the concept Destierro-which translates as uprooting, deracination, exile, exodus, and banishment- to unthink the intellectual, political, and legal categories used by prevailing intellectual models to narrate/explain the 2002 massacre, occurred at the community of Bellavista-Bojayá-Chocó-Colombia. This thesis offers a critical prospect of the event. It highlights ethno-historical analytics to deconstruct the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration. I study the racial, class, gender, generational, and regional dimensions undergirding this phenomenon to propose an Afrodiasporic Decolonial Critique of the field of Forced Migration. Single-axis explanations of this event and phenomenon have failed to move forward a complex analytical framework to fully explain the joint effect of multiple systems of oppression at play in events of land dispossession. Variables such as race, place, gender, and class; historical processes such as colonialism, the development of capitalism, contemporary place-based ethno-territorial social mobilization, and neoliberal multiculturalism intersect in this massacre. Accordingly, it is an imperative for critical historical sociological research to craft theories, and concepts to understand these crossroads. The basic argument I develop is that the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration are formulas for historical erasure, and therefore limited to contribute to the demands for reparation of the affected populations. Territories are socio-geo-historical formations that can only be understood within the context in which they are conceived, produced, re-produced, and unproduced. Likewise, the categories used to name and study land dispossession need to be contextually and historically grounded to capture both complex local specificities, and global linkages. I advocate for concepts that can be used as categories of analysis, social mobilization, and reparation; to unveil the historical roots of the current constellation of processes, which are generating a new cycle of Diaspora of the Afrocolombian population, and similar contexts in the world-system in which this phenomenon is observable. In this vein, unthinking/deconstructing the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration, as well as the massacre of Bellavista as an event of forced displacement, is an attempt to write stories that can repair the broken dignity of those that have been, and still are continually exploited.
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[pt] A I-MOBILIDADE MIGRATÓRIA NO TRIÂNGULO NORTE DA AMÉRICA CENTRAL: A VIOLÊNCIA COMO ELEMENTO DEFLAGRADOR E A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS E DO MÉXICO NESSE PROCESSO / [en] THE MIGRATORY I-MOBILITY IN THE NORTHERN TRIANGLE OF CENTRAL AMERICA: VIOLENCE AS A TRIGGER AND THE PARTICIPATION OF THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO IN THIS PROCESVICTOR CABRAL RIBEIRO 14 March 2022 (has links)
[pt] O Triângulo Norte da América Central é composto por El Salvador,
Honduras e Guatemala. Esses países compartilham um histórico de desigualdades
socioeconômicas, violência e intervenções estrangeiras em seus territórios.
Intensos fluxos emigratórios são registrados nesses países, com seus nacionais
buscando chegar aos Estados Unidos percorrendo o território mexicano, razão
pela qual consideramos esses quatro países como uma região de emigração,
devido aos fluxos neles originados e atravessados. Essas migrações geralmente
ocorrem de maneira forçada e em fluxos maciços. Consoante à mobilidade, ocorre
um processo de contenção desses migrantes por parte dos Estados Unidos, que
desenvolve mecanismos físicos e políticos para impedir a entrada dessas pessoas
em seu território, além de imporem políticas migratórias e fronteiriças ao México
e aos países do Triângulo Norte da América Central para impedirem os fluxos de
chegarem em sua fronteira. Assim sendo, percebemos esses quatro países como
uma região de fronteira que se traduz em região de i-mobilidade migratória, pois
nela ocorrem dois processos concomitantes, o de trânsito e o de controle do
mesmo. Nesta dissertação, investigamos a violência como elemento deflagrador
dessas migrações e como ela atinge os sujeitos migrantes ao longo de seu percurso
à Terra Prometida, os Estados Unidos. Analisaremos as migrações ocorridas
entre 2018 e 2021, com foco nas caravanas de migrantes centro-americanos,
apresentando as inovações de sua organização e o perfil demográfico daqueles que
as integraram, bem como as medidas tomadas pelos Estados Unidos e México
para impedir essa mobilidade. / [en] The Northern Triangle of Central America is composed by El Salvador,
Honduras and Guatemala. These countries share a history of socioeconomic
inequalities, violence, and foreign interventions in their territories. Intense
emigration flows are recorded in these countries, with their nationals seeking to
reach the United States by traveling through Mexican territory, in what we
consider these four countries as a region of emigration, due to the flows
originating and crossing through them. These migrations usually occur in a forced
way and in massive flows. The United States develops physical and political
mechanisms to prevent these people from entering its territory and imposes
migration and border policies to Mexico and to the countries of the Northern
Triangle of Central America to prevent the flows from reaching its borders. Thus,
we perceive these four countries as a border region that translates into a region of
migratory i-mobility, because two concomitant processes occur there, that of
transit and that of control of it. In this dissertation, we investigate violence as a
triggering element of these migrations and how it affects the migrant subjects
along their journey to the Promised Land, the United States. We will analyze
the migrations that occurred between 2018 and 2021, focusing on the Central
American migrant caravans, presenting the innovations of their organization and
the demographic profile of those who integrated them, as well as the measures
taken by the United States and Mexico to prevent this mobility.
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The Experiences of Refugee Students in United States Postsecondary EducationFelix, Vivienne R. 02 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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The Dark Side of Economic Sanctions: Unveiling the Plight of Women from Myanmar/Burma - A Minor Field Study in Myanmar and ThailandVuorijärvi, April January 2009 (has links)
An investigative research unraveling the implication of economic sanctions on Burmese women. This research was inspired by allegations in 2003 that thousands of women in Burma/Myanmar lost their jobs in the garment industry, thus exposing women to vulnerable aspects of forced migration and trafficking. A short case study of Iraq, Haiti, and Cuba is additionally provided while the history of economic sanctions and boycotts is heavily scrutinized. Perspectives of humanitarian law, human rights law, and feminist theory frame the basis of the research of which provide another critical dimension into the ongoing debate on economic sanctions.
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The impact of forced migration on women in northern UgandaKemirere, Babugura Fidelis 31 December 2007 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to analyse the impact of forced migration on women and
development in northern Uganda. The armed conflict in northern Uganda, which started in 1986,
led to gross violations of human rights against women forcing them to flee their homes and ftnd
refuge in overcrowded resettlement camps. The main objective of the study was to critically
analyse the causes of displacement and the experiences of internally displaced women so as to
contribute to available knowledge on women and development Qualitative and feminist research
techniques were carried out in Erute Camp located in Lira Municipality among intemally
displaced women, using observation and interviews. The findings reveal that forced migration
was caused by the armed conflict between the LRA rebels and the government solders. The
conflict destroyed in:frastructw·e and socio-economic service delivery systems. This consequently
par·alysed the northern Uganda's development as many civilians were forced to abandon their
homesteads due to traumatic experiences of killings, torture and abductions. This resulted in
human disintegration and the collapse of economic and social development in the region that was
based on agriculture. The prolonged insecurity disrupted education, health, communication and
commercial activities resulting in absolute poverty and underdevelopment Despite effo11s by
government and some humanitarian agencies to provide the needs of the affected civilians, peace
and reconciliation seems to be hard to achieve. Insecurity continues to spread making normal life,
relief and economic activities impossible. Due to lack of effective implementation, coordination
and monitoring of programmes, the situation poses great challenges to government and
international h\Unanitarian agencies present such as: WFP, UNHCR, WHO, World Bank and
others. Therefore, forced migration has a significant impact on women's social, economic,
cultural and environmental development. However, a positive impact regar·ding women's
empowe1ment and gender equality due to changed roles was eminent. I conclude by
recommending that the stakeholders need to increase the capacity to restore peace. There is need
to coordinate the development projects and programmes through increased flexibility and
transparency. However, the need to involve women in the reconciliation and reconstruction
processes to restore peace in northern Uganda is vital / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.
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The impact of forced migration on women in northern UgandaKemirere, Babugura Fidelis 31 December 2007 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to analyse the impact of forced migration on women and
development in northern Uganda. The armed conflict in northern Uganda, which started in 1986,
led to gross violations of human rights against women forcing them to flee their homes and ftnd
refuge in overcrowded resettlement camps. The main objective of the study was to critically
analyse the causes of displacement and the experiences of internally displaced women so as to
contribute to available knowledge on women and development Qualitative and feminist research
techniques were carried out in Erute Camp located in Lira Municipality among intemally
displaced women, using observation and interviews. The findings reveal that forced migration
was caused by the armed conflict between the LRA rebels and the government solders. The
conflict destroyed in:frastructw·e and socio-economic service delivery systems. This consequently
par·alysed the northern Uganda's development as many civilians were forced to abandon their
homesteads due to traumatic experiences of killings, torture and abductions. This resulted in
human disintegration and the collapse of economic and social development in the region that was
based on agriculture. The prolonged insecurity disrupted education, health, communication and
commercial activities resulting in absolute poverty and underdevelopment Despite effo11s by
government and some humanitarian agencies to provide the needs of the affected civilians, peace
and reconciliation seems to be hard to achieve. Insecurity continues to spread making normal life,
relief and economic activities impossible. Due to lack of effective implementation, coordination
and monitoring of programmes, the situation poses great challenges to government and
international h\Unanitarian agencies present such as: WFP, UNHCR, WHO, World Bank and
others. Therefore, forced migration has a significant impact on women's social, economic,
cultural and environmental development. However, a positive impact regar·ding women's
empowe1ment and gender equality due to changed roles was eminent. I conclude by
recommending that the stakeholders need to increase the capacity to restore peace. There is need
to coordinate the development projects and programmes through increased flexibility and
transparency. However, the need to involve women in the reconciliation and reconstruction
processes to restore peace in northern Uganda is vital / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.
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The Darfur conflict : beyond ethnic hatred explanationsGross de Almeida, Daniela 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Sudan is a country that has been affected by a history of multiple destructive civil
wars. Conflicts that, in a global perspective, have proven to be as devastating as
interstate wars, or on occasion even more destructive, in terms of the numbers of
casualties, refugee figures and the effects on a country’s society.
The conflict in Darfur, in the western region of Sudan, is a civil war that illustrates
one of the direst scenarios. In around five years of warfare, more than 200,000 people
have died in the conflict, and around two million Darfurians were displaced, creating
what the UN calls the “world’s worst humanitarian crisis.” The civil war was initiated
by the attacks of two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the
Justice and Equality Movement, against government installations. Although
presenting insurgency characteristics, the civil war in Darfur has been commonly
labelled as a “tribal” conflict of “Africans” versus “Arabs”. An explanation that seems
to fail to clarify the complex circumstances belying the situation. As seen in this
study, although identity factors played their role as a cause of the conflict, the ‘ethnic
hatred’ justification of war doesn’t seem to be sufficient to explain the present
situation. Darfur appears to be a clear example that there is no single factor that can
explain such a war.
In the case of Darfur, various factors seem to have interplayed in creating the
necessary conditions for the eruption of violence. This study focused on two of these
factors – the environmental hazards that have been affecting the region, and the
government’s use of the Janjaweed militia in its counterinsurgency movement. Both,
and in different ways, seem to have contributed to dividing the Darfurian society
between two poles, thus worsening the circumstances in the region and helping
generate the high levels of violence that characterise the Darfur conflict.
Most important, in analysing the conflict of Darfur with a point of view that goes
beyond the “ethnic hatred” explanation, it seems possible to identify issues, such as
land ownership, that are in vital need of being addressed in order to achieve peace in
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the region. As seen in this thesis, it seems that it is only through a broad
understanding of the complex causes of the conflict that peace negotiations might
have any hope of success. While those continue to be ignored, any peace agreements
or prospects of finding a solution to the conflict will be unrealistic.
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