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Oslovování v současné evropské portugalštině / Addressing in contemporary European PortugueseKnollová, Eva January 2011 (has links)
The presented thesis handles the theme of the addressing in European Portuguese. It is started with the critics of the existing terminology and in order to express the complexity of the current reality in the studied language more clearly, the author introduces the term of the allocution form which includes the addressing with pronouns (i.e. tu used with 2SG, você - 3SG, vós - 2PL and vocês - 3PL), as well as with the titles (e.g. o senhor / a senhora (Mr/Mrs) with variants combined with further titles and name/surname). It is worth to add that the work focuses on the indirect (or subjective) addressing (i.e. integrated into the phrase structure). The starting point of the own research is the theoretical basis comprising both external (Czech manuals, French vision by TEYSSIER 1989) and internal (based on Portuguese Grammars and studies) views of the issue. The research itself is inspired by author's personal language experience and the incertitude of the mother tongue speakers. The research method was realized by two questionnaires. The first of them (D1) gained 21 respondents coming from the academic ambient of Porto. The 2nd one (D2) covers a significantly larger amount of participants (202) as well as a wider socio-demographic and geographical structure (people of different professions from all...
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[en] TU OR VOCÊ?: A MATTER OF CULTURAL IDENTITY / [pt] TU OU VOCÊ?: UMA QUESTÃO DE IDENTIDADE CULTURAL.JANE CRISTINA DUARTE DOS SANTOS 17 October 2003 (has links)
[pt] O sistema de tratamento da língua portuguesa parece ser
mais complexo do que o de outras línguas como, por
exemplo, o inglês. Três pronomes podem ser usados como
segunda pessoa: tu, você, o(a) Senhor(a). Esses pronomes
associados a determinadas formas de tratamento criam um
contexto de proximidade ou distanciamento nas relações
interpessoais. Neste trabalho é feito um estudo sobre os
pronomes tu e você e as formas de tratamento no português
como segunda língua. Será apresentada a descrição que os
alunos estrangeiros fazem do uso dos mesmos, mostrando os
contextos (proximidade ou distanciamento) que estão
propiciando-o. A partir dessa descrição, foi analisada a
construção da identidade lingüística desses aprendizes
americanos no uso da nossa língua, partindo de suas
identidades culturais, em contexto universitário nos EUA
e no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro). Para isso, foram analisadas
entrevistas e atividades orais com alunos americanos
imersos na cultura brasileira e nos Estados Unidos. Como
resultado, foi encontrado um constante uso do pronome
você, considerado como forma padrão. Este pronome foi
associado a títulos como diretor, doutor, professor,
entre outros, caracterizando uma tentativa de proximidade
ou de distanciamento durante os contextos. A construção
da identidade lingüística dos alunos americanos deu-se a
partir de suas identidades culturais, influenciadas por
fatores específicos. Estes fatores podem ser
características pessoais, interação direta com nativos,
choque entre culturas e línguas, transferência do
espanhol e aprendizado em sala de aula. / [en] The general aim of this thesis is to describe the use of
pronouns/forms of address in Portuguese as a Second
Language. The specific aim is to identify the contexts
which influence the choice of use by the learners,
therefore to analise the construction of their linguistic
identity. This thesis directs itself to the pronouns/forms
of address TU vs VOCÊ and the building of a Portuguese-
speaking identity: how do students of Portuguese acquire
the skill in using these pronouns both in a Portuguese
immersion situation, at PUC-Rio Portuguese courses and an
English immersion situation, at Brown University`s
Portuguese language courses? An ethnographic research was
done with tape recording of Portuguese classes. The data
were collected through interviews with some Professors and
American students, oral activities, books, pedagogical
materials and classroom observation. As result, we found a
constant use of the pronoun você. This pronoun used with
titles like diretor, doutor, professor can represent
closeness or distance during the social relationship among
American students, while they are speaking Portuguese. The
linguistic identity is built on their cultural identities
as well as other more as specific factors may be personal
characteristics, interaction between foreign and Brazilian
people among others.
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En nombre del voseo: Su incorporación en los estudios universitarios de español dentro del contexto estadounidenseMelgares, Jeriel 02 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Hovorová dánština v současné dánské literatuře a její české verze / Spoken Danish in the Contemporary Danish Literature and its Translation into CzechCmíralová, Markéta January 2012 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the methods used by translators when translating spoken language in contemporary Danish fiction into Czech. In the first chapter, the Czech translation tradition is defined. This tradition influences Czech usage and tendencies. The second chapter introduces the features of stylized language reflected in literature written in Czech. As will be shown, these are mainly lexicological and morphological features and related stylistical means. The following chapters are devoted to the analysis of individual features of stylized language and their translation into Czech. Discussed are loanwords, diminutives, expletives, morphological changes, realia and politeness. The translated units are compared with Czech translation tradition and literature written in Czech.
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[pt] FORMAS DE TRATAMENTO DE PARENTESCO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O JAPONÊS E O PORTUGUÊS COM APLICABILIDADE EM PORTUGUÊS COMO SEGUNDA LÍNGUA PARA ESTRANGEIROS (PL2E) / [en] KINSHIP ADDRESS FORMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN JAPANESE AND PORTUGUESE WITH APPLICABILITY IN PORTUGUESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGEELISA FIGUEIRA DE SOUZA CORREA 08 July 2013 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho investiga formas de tratamento de parentesco em uma
comparação entre o japonês e o português do Brasil com aplicabilidade no ensino
de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). Tanto na língua
japonesa quanto na língua portuguesa é possível chamar, por exemplo, de tio
uma pessoa que não é realmente irmão ou cunhado dos seus pais, mas a maneira
de se utilizar esse e outros vocábulos de parentesco como tratamento difere em
cada uma dessas línguas. Dessa forma, com dados de revistas em quadrinhos
brasileiras e japonesas, analisa-se o uso de: avô, esposo, filho, irmão, neto, pai, tio
e suas respectivas formas femininas. A análise é feita com base em conceitos da
antropologia, do interculturalismo e da pragmática e confirma que há diferenças
entre o uso japonês e o brasileiro dos vocábulos de parentesco. Os resultados desta
pesquisa mostram quando, como e por que cada uma dessas formas é escolhida
pelos falantes para se referir a não-parentes. / [en] This dissertation investigates kinship address forms in Japanese and in
Brazilian Portuguese, with applicability in Portuguese as a Second Language
classes. Both in Japanese language and Portuguese language it is possible, for
example, to use the word uncle to refer to a person who isn’t actually brother
nor brother-in-law of either your parents. Still, the way of using this and other
kinship words as address forms differ in these two languages. With data collected
from Japanese and Brazilian comic books, the use of the following kinship words
is analyzed: brother, father, grandfather, grandson, husband, son, uncle and its
respective feminine forms. The analysis is based in concepts from Anthropology,
Interculturalism and Pragmatics and it confirms that there are differences between
Japanese and Brazilian use of kinship words. The results of this research show
when, how and why each of these forms is chosen by the speaker to talk with a
non-relative.
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'n Vergelykende studie van die groetroetines tussen Afrikaans- en Isizulumoedertaal-sprekendes.Ndlangamandla, Mkhanyiseni Hezekia. January 2004 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Language use in industryRibbens, Irene Rita 09 1900 (has links)
An immense degree of linguistic diversity exists in the work force where it is possible
for speakers of twenty-three home languages to come into contact on the work floor.
The language of management in industry is predominantly English; while supervisors
are primarily English- or Afrikaans-speaking. Misinterpretation of speaker intent plays
a significant role in communication breakdown that occurs when management or
foremen/supervisors communicate directly with workers who do not understand the
two erstwhile official languages sufficiently or not at all.
Reagan ( 1 986) hypothesized that the greatest number of problems are caused by what
might be termed mutual ignorance, rather than by language difficulties. The aim of the
thesis was therefore to establish what constitutes the mutual ignorance that leads to
misinterpretation of speaker intent.
The Hymesian model, the ethnography of speaking, was used as a model for an
analysis of sociolinguistic features in factories in the Pretoria-WitwatersrandVereeniging
area.
For data collection a process of triangulation was used and qualitative and quantitative
methods used. The Free Attitude Interview technique was used for unstructured
interviews. Other methods include observation, and elicitation procedures such as the
Discourse Completion Test, which were used in structured interviews. Language
preference, forms of address and politeness markers were examined.
Findings revealed that the major differences were found to be in the area of non-verbal
behaviour. Speakers of Afrikaans and English are, on the whole, unaware of politeness
markers used by speakers of African languages. Afrikaans and English speakers are
unaware of offensive non-verbal behaviour used by them. It is revealing that speakers
of the official languages believe this to be the very area that makes communication
possible, but it is the area in which they may cause offence. It was also found that
speakers of African languages have adopted many of the features of the power
dominant group at work.
The findings of the research are important for the development of strategies for
overcoming misinterpretation of speaker intent and negative stereotyping.
This research was undertaken as part of the Human Sciences Research Council's
programme entitled Language in the labour situation. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)
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Address forms in Xitsonga : a socio-pragmatic perspectiveKubayi, Sikheto Joe 11 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of socio-cultural rules underlying address behaviour in face-to-face interactions in Xitsonga. In the study, a socio-pragmatic approach is used. This approach is a combination of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Data are collected using semi-structured interviews from 29 participants in Hlanganani region. Hlanganani is a Xitsonga speech community located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participants were selected in terms of five variables, namely their age, gender, marital status, educational status and occupation. Five theories are tested in this study, namely Brown and Gilman’s (1968) theory of power and solidarity, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, the theory of accommodation, the theory of universal grammar and the Gricean theory of conversation. The study finds that Hlanganani is an age-set society in that the age of a person is the primary determiner of address choice. The male gene also receives superior status in address behaviour in Xitsonga. It is also found that women are given the same lower status as children. It is observed that women’s statuses reflect their graduation in terms of marriage and the production of children. It is recommended that more studies of a similar kind should be undertaken based on either different speech communities or on a comparative basis of
particularly African languages. Such studies will go a long way in describing similarities and differences in both the linguistic and the social structures of different cultures. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Převod (ne)zdvořilosti při tlumočení / The transfer of (im)politeness in interpretingKavínová, Martina January 2014 (has links)
While the linguistic concept of politeness has been thoroughly analyzed, the same does not apply to its interpreting. The present theoretical-empirical work describes the means for expressing politeness grouped by G. Leechʼs maxims of politeness. The empirical part analyzes recordings of simultaneous interpretation from media and European Parliament settings. This is a quantitative study and the outcome is the number of means for expressing politeness which the interpreters conveyed into Czech. On average and in all of the material 65,7 % of means for expressing politeness were conveyed into Czech in compliance with the maxims. The means analyzed are prosody, non-verbal communication, modality, personal reference, etc. An equivalent interpretation of means of politeness was deemed desirable. The thesis verifies the hypothesis whether the level of politeness significantly increased in comparison with the original speeches. Key words: politeness, pragmatics, illocutionary act, maxims of politeness, face, modality, prosody, non- verbal communication, Czech, English, interpreting, equivalence, US presidential debate, Obama, Romney, Common Agricultural Policy, European Parliament, Catherine Ashton, forms of address
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Language use in industryRibbens, Irene Rita 09 1900 (has links)
An immense degree of linguistic diversity exists in the work force where it is possible
for speakers of twenty-three home languages to come into contact on the work floor.
The language of management in industry is predominantly English; while supervisors
are primarily English- or Afrikaans-speaking. Misinterpretation of speaker intent plays
a significant role in communication breakdown that occurs when management or
foremen/supervisors communicate directly with workers who do not understand the
two erstwhile official languages sufficiently or not at all.
Reagan ( 1 986) hypothesized that the greatest number of problems are caused by what
might be termed mutual ignorance, rather than by language difficulties. The aim of the
thesis was therefore to establish what constitutes the mutual ignorance that leads to
misinterpretation of speaker intent.
The Hymesian model, the ethnography of speaking, was used as a model for an
analysis of sociolinguistic features in factories in the Pretoria-WitwatersrandVereeniging
area.
For data collection a process of triangulation was used and qualitative and quantitative
methods used. The Free Attitude Interview technique was used for unstructured
interviews. Other methods include observation, and elicitation procedures such as the
Discourse Completion Test, which were used in structured interviews. Language
preference, forms of address and politeness markers were examined.
Findings revealed that the major differences were found to be in the area of non-verbal
behaviour. Speakers of Afrikaans and English are, on the whole, unaware of politeness
markers used by speakers of African languages. Afrikaans and English speakers are
unaware of offensive non-verbal behaviour used by them. It is revealing that speakers
of the official languages believe this to be the very area that makes communication
possible, but it is the area in which they may cause offence. It was also found that
speakers of African languages have adopted many of the features of the power
dominant group at work.
The findings of the research are important for the development of strategies for
overcoming misinterpretation of speaker intent and negative stereotyping.
This research was undertaken as part of the Human Sciences Research Council's
programme entitled Language in the labour situation. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)
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