Global ETD Search

71	La protection légale des connaissances traditionnelles des peuples autochtones Mapuches, par rapport à l’utilisation des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) au Chili Honorato Marin, Paula 06 1900 (has links) Devant le manque de ressources économiques et la pauvreté, les « OGM » apparaissent comme un outil visant à contribuer à la croissance économique et alimentaire, notamment dans les pays en voie de développement et sous-développés. Cependant, nous devons nous pencher sur un sujet tout aussi fondamental, à savoir la protection juridique, accordée par la législation tant nationale qu’internationale en lien avec les « connaissances traditionnelles » quand elles sont aux prises avec l’utilisation des OGM. Connaître cette interaction et évaluer ses effets sur la culture est un sujet d’une ampleur considérable à l’heure actuelle, principalement lorsque l’on considère les « savoirs locaux » comme des éléments fondamentaux pour la conservation de la « biodiversité » et le « développement durable ». / Given the lack of economic resources and poverty, « GMOs » would appear to be a useful tool contributing to economic growth and food production, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. However, there is an equally important corollary issue we must address, namely the legal protection afforded by legislation both nationally and internationally, to « traditional knowledge » when they are faced with the use of GMOs. Understanding this interaction and its impact on culture is a significant issue at present, especially when one considers the importance of «local knowledge » as an element for the preservation of « biodiversity » and « sustainable development ». Autochtones Mapuches Chili Connaissances traditionnelles Démocratie Développement durable Organismes génétiquement modifiés Pluralisme culturel Protection légale Vision holistique Native Mapuche Chile Traditional knowledge Democracy Sustainable development Genetically Modified Organisms Cultural pluralism Legal protection Holistic vision
72	Metodologias utilizadas na avaliação do impacto ambiental para liberação comercial do plantio de transgênicos: uma contribuição ao estado da arte no Brasil / Methodologies used in environmental impact assessment for the commercial release of GM crop: a contribution to the state of the art in Brazil Finucci, Marcelo 14 September 2010 (has links) Os Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGM) surgiram há poucos anos e estão sendo discutidos por toda a comunidade científica por ter implicações ambientais e na saúde pública. Por ser um tema vasto, foi estudado apenas a liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM, mostrando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Neste trabalho são apresentados vários dados das plantações comerciais dos OGM no Brasil e no restante do mundo, mostrando o aumento do uso destes organismos na agricultura mundial. Esta dissertação apresenta um breve histórico da liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM no Brasil e os seus aspectos legais. Foram pesquisados os aspectos legais para essa liberação, levando em conta a necessidade de ser feito o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), que é um instrumento de aplicação do Princípio da Precaução existente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, do qual a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) é uma de suas ferramentas. Nesse contexto foi estudada a legislação brasileira sobre o meio ambiente e sobre os OGM. Para se decidir quais são os melhores métodos de AIA, para liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM, de acordo com as exigências legais, foi feita uma pesquisa revisando esses métodos. Foi verificado para cada Método se ele apresenta características de identificar satisfatoriamente os impactos ambientais em relação aos seus efeitos, espaço e tempo. Sabendo-se quais as exigências de avaliação de impacto necessárias para a liberação do plantio dos OGM foi possível identificar as metodologias de AIA mais indicadas para o caso. Concluiu-se que os métodos mais indicados para a liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM são a Matriz de Interação e o AMBITEC-AGRO / Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) have only recently appeared and are being discussed by all of the scientific community for having environmental and public health implications. By being a vast subject, only the release for the commercial plantation of the OGM was studied, showing its advantages and disadvantages. In the following work, data of GMO commercial plantations in both Brazil and globally are presented, showing an increase of the use of these organisms in world-wide agriculture. Also included is a brief historical account of the approval and release of GMOs for commercial plantation in Brazil. It was taking in account the necessity of conducting the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), a component of the Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) that is an instrument of the application of the Precaution Principal in the Brazilian legal system. Additionally, Brazilian environmental regulations and regulations pertaining to GMOs was studied. An analysis of the best methods of AIA legally required for commercial authorization of planting GMOs was performed. Each method was verified if it met satisfactory characteristic identifying the environmental impacts concerning to its effect, time, and space. It was possible to determine the best AIA methodology for this case by matching the necessary requirements for evaluating the impact of authorizing the planting of GMOs. It was concluded that the Interaction Matrix and the AMBITEC-AGRO are the best methods for the commercial authorization of planting GMOs Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) Características dos Impactos Ambientais Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) Environmental Impact Study (EIA) Environmental Impacts Characteristics Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Organismos Geneticamente Modificados
73	Metodologias utilizadas na avaliação do impacto ambiental para liberação comercial do plantio de transgênicos: uma contribuição ao estado da arte no Brasil / Methodologies used in environmental impact assessment for the commercial release of GM crop: a contribution to the state of the art in Brazil Marcelo Finucci 14 September 2010 (has links) Os Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGM) surgiram há poucos anos e estão sendo discutidos por toda a comunidade científica por ter implicações ambientais e na saúde pública. Por ser um tema vasto, foi estudado apenas a liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM, mostrando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Neste trabalho são apresentados vários dados das plantações comerciais dos OGM no Brasil e no restante do mundo, mostrando o aumento do uso destes organismos na agricultura mundial. Esta dissertação apresenta um breve histórico da liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM no Brasil e os seus aspectos legais. Foram pesquisados os aspectos legais para essa liberação, levando em conta a necessidade de ser feito o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), que é um instrumento de aplicação do Princípio da Precaução existente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, do qual a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) é uma de suas ferramentas. Nesse contexto foi estudada a legislação brasileira sobre o meio ambiente e sobre os OGM. Para se decidir quais são os melhores métodos de AIA, para liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM, de acordo com as exigências legais, foi feita uma pesquisa revisando esses métodos. Foi verificado para cada Método se ele apresenta características de identificar satisfatoriamente os impactos ambientais em relação aos seus efeitos, espaço e tempo. Sabendo-se quais as exigências de avaliação de impacto necessárias para a liberação do plantio dos OGM foi possível identificar as metodologias de AIA mais indicadas para o caso. Concluiu-se que os métodos mais indicados para a liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM são a Matriz de Interação e o AMBITEC-AGRO / Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) have only recently appeared and are being discussed by all of the scientific community for having environmental and public health implications. By being a vast subject, only the release for the commercial plantation of the OGM was studied, showing its advantages and disadvantages. In the following work, data of GMO commercial plantations in both Brazil and globally are presented, showing an increase of the use of these organisms in world-wide agriculture. Also included is a brief historical account of the approval and release of GMOs for commercial plantation in Brazil. It was taking in account the necessity of conducting the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), a component of the Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) that is an instrument of the application of the Precaution Principal in the Brazilian legal system. Additionally, Brazilian environmental regulations and regulations pertaining to GMOs was studied. An analysis of the best methods of AIA legally required for commercial authorization of planting GMOs was performed. Each method was verified if it met satisfactory characteristic identifying the environmental impacts concerning to its effect, time, and space. It was possible to determine the best AIA methodology for this case by matching the necessary requirements for evaluating the impact of authorizing the planting of GMOs. It was concluded that the Interaction Matrix and the AMBITEC-AGRO are the best methods for the commercial authorization of planting GMOs Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) Características dos Impactos Ambientais Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) Organismos Geneticamente Modificados Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) Environmental Impact Study (EIA) Environmental Impacts Characteristics Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
74	Evaluación de los efectos no intencionados de los transgenes en plantas modificadas genéticamente (MG) resistentes a plagas y diseñadas como biofactorías de péptidos antimicrobianos Montero Mirabet, Maria 22 June 2012 (has links) Genetically modified crops are submitted to strict regulation to ensure the safety of consumers and the environment. To complement the comparison between GM plants and their counterparts, in the present Thesis, we evaluated the possible unexpected effects of the transgene on the host plant, by means of transcriptomic technologies. More exactly, we studied three pathogen-resistant GM rice lines: S-afp, expressing constitutively the antifungal protein AFP; and S-bp217 and S-bp213, expressing undecapeptide BP100 derivatives, which were developed in the UdG in the context of this Thesis. Although the high phytotoxicity of the BP100 derivatives on the host plant the transcriptional changes observed in S-afp, S-bp217 and S-bp213 compared to the conventional line Senia were similar that those observed in other GM crops, of other species and with different transgenes, and only the half of them was attributed to the insertion and/or expression of the transgene. / Les plantes modificades genèticament (MG) destinades a comercialització estan sotmeses a estricta legislació per garantir la seguretat del consumidor i del medi ambient. Per complementar la comparativa entre plantes MG i convencionals, en aquesta tesi s’ha abordat l’avaluació dels possibles efectes no esperats del transgèn sobre la planta hoste, mitjançant tècniques de transcriptòmica. Concretament s’han estudiat línies d'arròs MG que presenten fenotips de resistència a patògens: S-afp, que expressa constitutivament la proteïna antifúngica AFP, i S-bp213 i S-bp217, que expressen derivats de l’undecapèptid BP100, desenvolupat a la UdG, que s’han obtingut també en el marc d’aquesta tesi. Malgrat l’elevada fitotoxicitat dels derivats de BP100 enfront la planta hoste, els canvis transcripcionals de S-afp, S-bp213 i S-bp217 respecte la línia convencional Senia són similars als observats en altres events MG, de diferents espècies i amb diferents transgens; i només la meitat d’ells s’ha atribuit a la presència o expressió del transgèn. Organismes modificats genèticament Organismos modificados genéticamente Genetically modified organisms Pèptids antimicrobians Péptidos antimicrobianos Antimicrobial peptides Efectes no intencionats del transgèn Efectos no intencionados del transgén Unexpected effects of the transgene Análisis generalista Profiling Anàlisi generalista Expressió heterologa en planta Expressión heteróloga en planta Heterologous expression in plant 575 633
75	La protection légale des connaissances traditionnelles des peuples autochtones Mapuches, par rapport à l’utilisation des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) au Chili Honorato Marin, Paula 06 1900 (has links) Devant le manque de ressources économiques et la pauvreté, les « OGM » apparaissent comme un outil visant à contribuer à la croissance économique et alimentaire, notamment dans les pays en voie de développement et sous-développés. Cependant, nous devons nous pencher sur un sujet tout aussi fondamental, à savoir la protection juridique, accordée par la législation tant nationale qu’internationale en lien avec les « connaissances traditionnelles » quand elles sont aux prises avec l’utilisation des OGM. Connaître cette interaction et évaluer ses effets sur la culture est un sujet d’une ampleur considérable à l’heure actuelle, principalement lorsque l’on considère les « savoirs locaux » comme des éléments fondamentaux pour la conservation de la « biodiversité » et le « développement durable ». / Given the lack of economic resources and poverty, « GMOs » would appear to be a useful tool contributing to economic growth and food production, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. However, there is an equally important corollary issue we must address, namely the legal protection afforded by legislation both nationally and internationally, to « traditional knowledge » when they are faced with the use of GMOs. Understanding this interaction and its impact on culture is a significant issue at present, especially when one considers the importance of «local knowledge » as an element for the preservation of « biodiversity » and « sustainable development ». Autochtones Mapuches Chili Connaissances traditionnelles Démocratie Développement durable Organismes génétiquement modifiés Pluralisme culturel Protection légale Vision holistique Native Mapuche Chile Traditional knowledge Democracy Sustainable development Genetically Modified Organisms Cultural pluralism Legal protection Holistic vision
76	La notion de denrées alimentaires / Concept of food denree Dalmet, Christophe 18 December 2009 (has links) Avec l’apparition massive des borderline products, les frontières traditionnelles entre la denrée alimentaire et les autres catégories de produits que l’on ingère ne cessent de se brouiller. Certes des éléments de définition de cette denrée se trouvent dans divers textes juridiques, notamment communautaires à l’image du règlement Food Law, mais toujours est-il que malgré tout demeure en partie le mystère identitaire qui entoure cette notion. Aussi, afin de pouvoir appliquer aux produits litigieux un statut adéquat et déterminer par la même le régime juridique qui doit être le leur, des références précises de l’aliment doivent être mises en évidence au travers de son analyse d’ensemble, l’étude tant de sa fonction que de sa présentation s’avérant indispensable pour résoudre cette problématique non dépourvue d’importance pratique / With the widespread appearance of borderline products, the traditional boundaries between the food and other categories of products that we ingest are constantly blurred. Then of course the defining elements of this commodity are in various legal texts, including the Community Food Law Regulation image, but the fact that still remains part of the mystery surrounding the identity concept. Also, in order to apply the products at issue and determine an appropriate status by the same legal regime that should be theirs, precise references to the food must be demonstrated through its comprehensive analysis, the study as its function as their presentation proving indispensable to solve this problem is not without practical importance Additifs alimentaires Aliment Aliments liquides et solides Aliments nutritionnellement modifiés Borderline Products Compléments alimentaires Cosmetofoods Destination nutritive Fonction thérapeutique Ingestion Ingrédients Limites de sécurité Mangeur Médicament Notion de raisonnable Novel Foods Nutriments Ordre du mangeable Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés Principe de précaution Profils nutritionnels Qualité des aliments Règlement (CE) n°178/2002 Sécurité sanitaire des aliments Ransformation alimentaire Food additives Food Food for particular nutritional uses Liquid and Solid Food Nutritionally modified foods Nutritional assertions Borderline Products Food supplements Cosmetofoods Destination nutritional Therapeutic Function Ingestion Ingredients Safety limits Eater Drug Definition of reasonable Novel Foods Nutrients Order of edible Genetically Modified Organisms Precautionary principle Nutrients Profiles Food Quality Regulation (CE) n°178/2002 Food Safety Food Processing Healthy assertions

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