CUNHA, André Victor Cavalcanti Seal da. A invenção da imagem autoral de Chico Xavier: uma análise histórica sobre como o jovem desconhecido de Minas Gerais se transformou no médium espírita mais famoso do Brasil (1931-1938). 2015. 302f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-15T12:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_avcscunha.pdf: 6227130 bytes, checksum: 5bc7b9b0a5b0e1e7da3bc0c912200b29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-15T17:23:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_avcscunha.pdf: 6227130 bytes, checksum: 5bc7b9b0a5b0e1e7da3bc0c912200b29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-15T17:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_avcscunha.pdf: 6227130 bytes, checksum: 5bc7b9b0a5b0e1e7da3bc0c912200b29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The common thread throughout this research is an analysis of Chico Xavier as the carrier of an invented authorial image, built on the complex dynamics involving his representation as a psychographic writer in the production, receptivity and ownership of his works. We have approached Spiritism both as a cultural and editorial phenomenon. We have thus investigated the creation of an authorial image of Xavier, conceived as a collective construct from multiple individuals, including an intellectual elite linked to the Spiritism movement, as well as editors and readers. The chronological period of interest for this research ranges from the end of 1931 to the beginning of 1938. The analysis revealed that the literary work of Xavier was conceived according to the workings of the FEB, having flourished, from the end of the XIX century, within the internal power struggles among religious and scientific spiritualists, as well as within the disputes among different interlocutors in a time of criminalization by the first republican penal code. An overview of the spiritualist literature during the rising of Xavier allowed us to detect evidence of cultural bases for his psycographic writings. As far as his writings are concerned, we identified seductive and convincing strategies in the prefatory texts signed by the medium, involving the use of a large range of textual devices geared towards denying authorship. Yet another analytical movement was developed with a focus on the construction of the authorial image of the young medium from Minas Gerais, on the basis of the receptivity his works, of what was said about him by the first generation of his readers. We noted his rising in the spiritualist literature scenario, as part of a collective project, conceived and lead by frontrunners in the FEB. The editorial inner circle of the FEB, based on the criticism that attempted to disqualify the poetry book written mediunically, promoted transformations in the authorial image of Xavier in an effort to increase the authorship denial, in order to support the spiritual authenticity of the poems. Thus, the evidence of intellectual qualities of Xavier started to fade away. At the same time, his mediunic abilities showed a marked increase. Along with those, his virtuous behavior eventually granted him a reputation of an above-average medium. From such a remarkable position, Chico Xavier inserted different elements into the literary matrix of the current Spiritism of the FEB. This investigation allowed us to understand two strategies for the constitution of author-spirits. In Emmanuel, the editorial success of the character can be directly linked to his overflow that includes acting in paratextual and mostly paraliterary roles. This exercise was based on the fusion between representations of Emmanuel as both a spiritual author and as a guide to the medium. This position allowed the character to assume distinct roles, significantly increasing the possible courses of action of Xavier himself. In the peculiar case of Humberto de Campos, there was an appropriation of the already well-known literary character in order to transform him into an author-spirit. An effort was made to establish a continuous link between the conventional literary production of the chronicler from Maranhão and the psycographed production by Xavier. In this sense, we found, within the mediunic chronicles, the use of literary procedures that attempted to drain the authorial image from the literary to the psycographed text. Those bets turned out to be successful, allowing Chico Xavier to achieve a more prominent role as author-actor in the spiritualist literary scenario and within the setting of the large national press. / Esta pesquisa tem por fio condutor uma análise de Chico Xavier como portador de uma imagem autoral inventada, construída pela complexa dinâmica que constituiu sua representação de escritor psicógrafo na inter-relação produção, recepção e apropriação de suas obras. O Espiritismo nela foi abordado como fenômeno cultural e editorial. Investigou-se, pois, a criação da imagem autoral de Xavier, concebendo esta como uma elaboração coletiva da qual participaram vários sujeitos, dentre eles intelectuais ligados ao movimento espírita, editores e leitores. O período do recorte cronológico propriamente dito foi do final de 1931 até o início de 1938. As análises revelaram que a obra literária de Xavier foi produzida dentro do funcionamento de uma matriz febiana, engendrada, no final do século XIX, no bojo das disputas intestinas entre espíritas religiosos e científicos, bem como nos enfrentamentos com interlocutores em tempos de criminalização pelo primeiro código penal republicano. Um sobrevoo na literatura espírita do período da chegada de Xavier permitiu detectar-se indícios de bases culturais para sua escrita psicográfica. Quanto a sua escrita de si, pôde ser identificadas nos textos prefaciais assinados pelo medium estratégias de sedução e convencimento, com o uso de um amplo espectro de dispositivos textuais voltados à denegação autoral. Um segundo movimento analítico foi desenvolvido enfocando-se a criação da imagem autoral do jovem médium de Minas Gerais através da recepção de sua obra, do que dele disse a primeira geração de seus leitores. Pôde-se compreender seu surgimento na cena literária espiritista, integrando um projeto coletivo elaborado e capitaneado por lideranças da Federação Espírita Brasileira. O núcleo editorial febiano, respondendo as críticas que procuravam desqualificar o livro de poesias escritas mediunicamente, promoveu transformações na imagem autoral de Xavier, visando a intensificar a denegação autoral para sustentar a autenticidade espiritual dos poemas. Assim, foram se diluindo os vestígios de suas qualificações intelectuais. Concomitantemente, potencializaram-se suas qualidades mediúnicas. Em adição, se passou a ressaltar seu comportamento virtuoso, acabando-se por conferir-lhe uma representação de medium acima da média. Nesta destacada posição, Chico Xavier inseriu elementos diferentes na matriz literária vigente no Espiritismo febiano de seu tempo. A investigação permitiu compreender duas estratégias para a constituição de seus espíritos-autores. Em Emmanuel, o sucesso editorial do personagem pode ser diretamente relacionado ao seu transbordamento com atuações em funções paratextuais e, principalmente, paraliterárias. Este exercício estava fundamentado na fusão entre as representações de Emmanuel, tanto como autor espiritual, quanto como guia do medium. Esta posição permitirá ao personagem desempenhar múltiplas atividades, ampliando-se significativamente as possibilidades de ação do próprio Xavier. No caso peculiar de Humberto de Campos, houve a apropriação de um já consagrado personagem literário para transformá-lo em um espírito-autor. Houve uma busca por estabelecer uma continuidade entre a produção literária convencional do Cronista maranhense e a psicografada por Xavier. Neste sentido, encontrou-se nas crônicas mediúnicas uma utilização de procedimentos literários que visavam a drenar a imagem autoral do literato para o texto psicografado. Estas apostas representaram estratégias bem-sucedidas, permitindo a Chico Xavier maior atuação como autor-ator na cena literária espiritista e no cenário da grande impressa nacional.

Successivement veuve de Berthold Rembolt et de Claude Chevallon, Charlotte Guillard hérite en 1537 du plus ancien atelier typographique français, le Soleil d'Or, dont elle conduit l'activité durant près de vingt années. Sous sa direction, l'atelier parvient à accaparer deux marchés spécifiques : textes de droit savant et ouvrages des Pères de l'Église. La thèse vise à interroger les conditions de réalisation de ce programme éditorial. On y présente les modalités matérielles de production et de commercialisation des ouvrages. On met ainsi en évidence la forte implication de la parentèle de Charlotte Guillard à tous les niveaux de la chaîne éditoriale, et la coexistence de réseaux de collaborateurs qui, en dépit de motivations intellectuelles et idéologiques parfois divergentes, parviennent à faire œuvre commune. À travers une enquête mobilisant à la fois les sources archivistiques, l'analyse matérielle des ouvrages imprimés et la lecture des préfaces et épîtres liminaires, la monographie permet d'écrire une histoire concrète de l'activité intellectuelle qui tienne compte des conditions idéologiques, sociales et économiques de sa mise en œuvre / Widow of Berthold Rembolt first, then of Claude Chevallon, Charlotte Guillard became in 1537 heiress of France's oldest typography workshop. With Charlotte Guillard at its head, the Soleil d'Or managed to monopolise two specific markets, the law texts and the works of the Church Fathers. The purpose of our thesis is to investigate the practical conditions which made these publications possible. It will highlight the material arrangements of the production and selling of those books, and focus at the people who stayed at Charlotte Guillard's side. This will allow us to demonstrate the importance of her relatives at every step of the process, and to show the coexistence of various networks of collaborators who manage to work on a common basis despite, at times, opposite intellectual and ideological motivations. Calling on manuscript archives, physical bibliography, and an analysis of the prefaces and liminary epistles, this monograph allows us to write a holistic history of the intellectual endeavour, taking into account all the ideological, social and economic conditions entering in its construction

Si la littérature pour la jeunesse est fréquemment illustrée de dessins, qu’advient-il lorsque ces illustrations sont des photographies ? Le corpus d’œuvres pour la jeunesse illustrées de photographies, dont la recension était à peine entamée et qui s’avérait plus conséquent que supposé, requérait d’être étudié sous divers angles. L’ambition de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les liens étroits entre les livres pour la jeunesse et l’illustration par la photographie et de mesurer les incidences des relations entre ces deux arts ou genres « mineurs », selon des perspectives historiques et géographiques larges. En circulant dans les littératures européennes et nord-américaines, de 1860 à nos jours, cette thèse démontre que la production photolittéraire pour enfants se constitue comme un véritable genre éditorial, même si aujourd’hui encore ces productions sont occultées sous l’appellation de « Littérature de jeunesse » ou, dans le monde anglo-saxon, sous celle de « Picturebooks ». Cette étude, s’inscrivant dans le champ de la photolittérature, met à jour les agencements des dispositifs phototextuels et examine comment texte et photographies s’articulent pour faire sens pour un jeune lecteur. Elle retrace aussi les liens entre quelques théories pédagogiques et la réception critique de ces ouvrages, exposant la façon dont elles sont solidaires de certaines options éditoriales. / Literature for the young is often illustrated by drawings, but what happens when the illustrations are photographs? Only recently has the corpus of photographically-illustrated children’s literature begun to be examined. It is proving to be much more extensive than had previously been imagined, and necessitates a study from several different angles. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the close links between children’s books and photographic illustration and to measure the implications of the relationship between these two arts (considered ‘minor’ from a broad historical or geographical perspective) Covering European and North American literature from 1860 to the present day this thesis shows that photoliterary production for children is in fact a publishing genre in its own right, although today many such productions are still filed under the label “Picturebooks” or in French, “Littérature de jeunesse” [children’s literature]. By invoking the field of photoliterature, this study brings to light the layout of various phototextual devices and examines how text and photographs combine to create meaning for a young reader. It also retraces the relations between certain pedagogical theories and the critical reception of these works, revealing the manner in which both are inextricably bound up with particular publishing decisions.

[pt] O propósito desta pesquisa é examinar a produção dos Apontamentos de Matemática de autoria do professor intelectual Dom Ireneu Penna. Os Apontamentos são um conjunto de quatro impressos didáticos utilizados no Colégio de São Bento do Rio de Janeiro, de 1967 a 2001, baseado no movimento educacional da Matemática Moderna e nas propostas de Georges Papy. A análise histórica dos Apontamentos segue uma postura hermenêutica, considerando que a análise de livros didáticos é um processo de interpretação dos diferentes elementos que giram à sua volta. A metodologia adotada é a análise documental. O trabalho trata de analisar o contexto histórico, educacional e político em que se deu a produção da obra; identificar os agentes envolvidos e sua influência no circuito de produção; analisar os aspectos formais que a compõem, tais como capa, prefácio e sumário, identificando suas singularidades e relações com sua produção; e analisar o texto e suas relações com as fontes utilizadas pelo autor, destacando seu alinhamento com a proposta de Educação Matemática indicada pela Unesco em 1966. Apontou-se ainda que, mesmo contendo diversos trechos autorais de Dom Ireneu, os Apontamentos são uma adaptação dos livros didáticos belgas Mathématique Moderne, de Papy. Conclui-se, ao final, que a produção dos Apontamentos representou um momento da luta de um professor por um ideal pedagógico-matemático modernizador, que fornecesse instrumentos de pensamento e que fosse lógico e coerente com sua concepção de progresso da ciência. / [en] The purpose of this research is to examine the production of Apontamentos de Matemática, written by Dom Ireneu Penna, professor and intellectual authority. Apontamentos are a set of four textbooks used at Colégio de São Bento of Rio de Janeiro from 1967 to 2001, based on the New Math Movement and on Georges Pappy s ideas. The analysis of the history of the Apontamentos follows an hermeneutic approach, considering that textbook analysis is a process of interpretation of the different elements around it. The methodology adopted is documental analysis. This work analyses the historical, educational and political context where the production of the Apontamentos took place; identifies the agents involved and their influence in the production circuit; analyses the formal aspects that compose it, such as cover, preface and summary, identifying their singularities and relations with the production itself; and analyses the text and its relations with the sources used by the author, highlighting his alignment with the guidelines of Mathematics Education indicated by Unesco in 1966. It s also shown that, even though Dom Irineu has written himself several paragaphs in it, Apontamentos is an adaptation of the Belgium textbooks Mathématique Moderne, by Pappy. In the end the conclusion indicates that the production of Apontamentos is a flash of the fight of a teacher for an ideal of modernisation in pedagogycal-mathematical method in order to provide tools for thought, being logical and coherent with his conception of progress in Science.

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Le mémoire de maîtrise présentée a comme but de faire ressortir la relation entre des rééditions des livres d’images de la République démocratique allemande (Bode 2002, Richter 2016) et l’ostalgie (Ahbe 2001/ 2013/2017/2018, Boyer 2006, Haage 2013), un phénomène de nostalgie de la RDA. À partir de la série Kindergeschichten der DDR (Beltz/KinderbuchVerlag; depuis 2009), une analyse paratextuelle (Genette 2001) a été effectuée. Les observations faites nous ont permis de distinguer les groupes commémoratifs affectés, de déterminer de quelle façon les réimpressions font référence à la mémoire collective de l’Allemagne de l’Est et de montrer de quelle manière cette mémoire influence les réimpressions. Avec cette contribution, l’auteure espère enrichir le domaine de recherche de la littérature enfantine germanophone. / This Master thesis explores the relationship between the reeditions of picture books from the German Democratic Republic (Bode 2002, Richter 2016) and “Ostalgie” (Ahbe 2001/ 2013/2017/2018; Boyer 2006; Haage 2013), a unique and continually evolving brand of collective memory specific to the GDR. Analyzing the paratexts (Genette 2001) of the series Kindergeschichten der DDR (Beltz/KinderbuchVerlag; since 2009), we could distinguish the affected commemorative groups, determine in which way the reeditions refer to the collective memory of East Germany, and show in which way this memory influences the reeditions. With this contribution, the author hopes to enhance the field of research on German children’s literature. / Das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Neuauflagen ehemaliger DDR-Bilderbücher (Bode 2002, Richter 2016) und Ostalgie (Ahbe 2001/2013/2017/2018, Boyer 2006, Haage 2013), als Phänomen einer spezifischen ostdeutschen Erinnerungskultur, herauszuarbeiten. Von besonderem Interesse war, wie Neuauflagen von DDR-Kinderbüchern an der (Re)Konstruktion von DDRErinnerung beteiligt sind und an welchen Stellen dies explizit als auch implizit deutlich wird. Anhand einer paratextuellen Analyse (Genette 2001) der Reihe Kindergeschichten der DDR (Beltz/KinderbuchVerlag: seit 2009) wurde nachgezeichnet, auf welche Weise und bei welchen Gruppen die Bilderbücher Erinnerungen auslösen (können) und wie diese Erinnerungen wiederum auf die aktuellen Wiederauflagen zurückwirken bzw. diese steuern. Die Autorin erhofft sich mit diesem Beitrag das Forschungsfeld der deutschsprachigen Kinderliteratur zu bereichern.

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This thesis offers an approach to the history of mythographical discourse through the figure of Theseus and his appearances in texts from England, Italy and France. Analysing a range of poetic, historical, and allegorical works that feature Theseus alongside their classical and contemporary intertexts, it is a study of the conceptions of Greco-Roman mythology prevalent in European literature from 1300-1600. Focusing on mythology’s pervasive presence as a background to medieval and early modern literary and intellectual culture, it draws attention to the fragmentary, fluid and polymorphous nature of mythology in relation to its use for different purposes in a wide range of texts. The first impact of this study is to draw attention to the distinction between mythology and mythography, as a means of focusing on the full range of interpretative processes associated with the ancient myths in their textual forms. Returning attention to the processes by which writers and readers came to know the Greco-Roman myths, it widens the commonly accepted critical definition of ‘mythography’ to include any writing of or on mythology, while restricting ‘mythology’ to its abstract sense, meaning a traditional collection of tales that exceeds any one text. This distinction allows the analyses of the study’s primary texts to display the full range of interpretative processes and possibilities involved in rewriting mythology, and to outline a spectrum of linked but distinctive mythographical genres that define those possibilities. Breaking down into two parts of three chapters each, the thesis examines Theseus’ appearances across these mythographical genres, first in the period from 1300 to the birth of print, and then from the birth of print up to 1600. Taking as its primary texts works by Giovanni Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate and William Shakespeare along with their classical intertexts, it situates each of them in regard to their multiple defining contexts. Paying close attention to the European traditions of commentary, translation and response to classical sources, it shows mythographical discourse as a vibrant aspect of medieval and early modern literary culture, equally embedded in classical traditions and contemporary traditions that transcended national and linguistic boundaries.

Since the publication of the book The Screwtape Letters in 1942, ‘C. S. Lewis’ has been a widely recognized name in both Britain and the United States. The significance of the writings of this scholar of medieval literature, Christian apologist and author of the children’s books The Chronicles of Narnia, while widely recognized, has not previously been investigated. Using a wide range of sources, including archival material, book reviews, monographs, articles and interviews, this dissertation examines the reception of Lewis in Britain and America, comparatively, from within his lifetime until the recent past. To do so, the methodology borrows from the history of the book and history of reading fields, and writes the biography of Lewis’s Mere Christianity and The Chronicles of Narnia. By contextualizing the writing of these works in the 1940s and 1950s, the evolution of Lewis’s respective platforms in Britain and America and these works’ reception across the twentieth century, this project contributes to the growing body of work that interrogates the print culture of Christianity. Extensive secondary reading, moreover, permitted the investigation of cultural, intellectual, social and religious factors informing Lewis’s reception, the existence of Lewis devotees in America and the lives of Mere Christianity and The Chronicles of Narnia in particular. By paying close attention to the historical conditions of authorship, publication and reception, while highlighting similarities and contrasts between Britain and America, this dissertation provides a robust account of how and why Lewis became one of the most successful Christian authors of the twentieth century.