Bakgrund: Intensivvårdspatienter riskerar att drabbas av ögonkomplikationer tidigt i vårdförloppet till följd av medicinska behandlingar och uteblivna omvårdnadsåtgärder. Ögonkomplikationerna riskerar att orsaka ett onödigt vårdlidande.   Syfte: Att undersöka vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som specialistsjuksköterskan kan utföra för att reducera risken för utvecklandet av ögonkomplikationer inom intensivvården.   Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie baserad på elva kvantitativa studier. För litteraturstudiens dataanalys tillämpades en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. En kvalitetsgranskning av det samlade materialet genomfördes enligt GRADE.   Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudteman av interventioner som var protokoll, fuktkammare (MC), vitamin A (VAEO) samt artificiella tårsubstitut. Artificiella tårsubstitut delades upp i tre subteman som var koksaltlösning, ögondroppar samt ögongel. Majoriteten av åtgärderna som studerades var effektiva i jämförelse med befintlig rutinvård. Protokoll och MC visade sig ha bäst effektivitet följt av artificiella tårsubstitut.   Slutsats: Patienter inom intensivvården riskerar att utveckla ögonkomplikationer vilka kan minimeras med individanpassade omvårdnadsåtgärder. Avsaknad av rutiner för ögonvård riskerar att skapa ett onödigt vårdlidande för intensivvårdspatienter. För att minska den risken kan evidensbaserade protokoll implementeras. Dessa kan bistå specialistsjuksköterskor att initiera preventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder och identifiera ögonkomplikationer samt bidra med bestående följsamhet. Vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som är mest effektiva är ännu oklart och ett framtida forskningsområde. / Background: Intensive care patients are early post-admission susceptible to developing eye complications due to medical treatments and missed care measures. These eye complications may lead to unnecessary suffering.   Purpose: To investigate which nursing interventions the specialist nurse can perform to reduce the risk of developing eye complications in the intensive care unit.   Method: A descriptive literature study based on eleven quantitative studies. For the literature study data analysis, a quantitative content analysis with inductive approach was used. For quality assessment the GRADE system was used.   Results: The result showed four main themes of interventions which were protocol, moisture chamber (MC), vitamin A (VAEO) and artificial tear substitutes. Artificial tear substitutes were divided into the three subthemes: saline solution, eye drops and eye gel. The majority of nursing interventions in the study were effective in comparison with pre-existing routine care strategies. Protocolized care and the use of MC proved to be the most effective interventions, followed by the use of artificial tear substitutes.   Conclusion: Intensive care patients are at risk of developing eye complications that can be minimized with individually tailored nursing interventions. A lack of routine eye care can lead to unnecessary suffering for these patients. To reduce this risk, evidence-based protocols can be implemented. These can aid nurses to initiate preventive interventions and to identify eye complications and also contribute to higher compliance. Which interventions that are the most effective and when they should be implemented is still unclear and a subject for further research.

La détresse morale est un phénomène observé en premier chez les infirmières . Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, la définition utilisée est celle de Morley et al. (2019, p. 3) d’« un lien causal entre l’expérience d’un événement moral et d’une détresse psychologique » [traduction libre]. La détresse morale peut entraîner plusieurs conséquences psychologiques, physiques et organisationnelles. La COVID-19 exacerbe et ajoute des éléments contraignants contribuant à la détresse morale des infirmières des unités des soins intensifs (USI). Le cadre de référence est la typologie de la détresse morale écrite par Morley, Sese et al. (2020). Le but vise à mieux comprendre l’expérience de la détresse morale vécue par les infirmières d’une USI adulte durant la pandémie de la COVID-19. Un devis qualitatif d’ethnographie ciblée de Bourbonnais (2015) est utilisé. Les méthodes de collectes de données sont des observations accompagnées de notes de terrain, des échanges informels avec des informateurs généraux, des entretiens semi-structurés et des questionnaires sociodémographiques auprès d’informateurs clés et un journal réflexif. La méthode d’analyse de données est celle de comparaison constante de Côté et al. (2020). Huit informateurs clés âgés de 26 à 50 ans ont participé. Quatre thèmes principaux en ressortent : temporalité, facteurs influençant, détresse morale ainsi que les besoins de formation à l’expérience et la détresse des infirmières. Les résultats de cette étude ont plusieurs retombées pour la discipline infirmière dont la formation, pratique, gestion, recherche et politique. / Moral distress is a phenomenon that was first observed in nurses. The definition used in this thesis is provided by Morley et al. (2019, p. 3) who define moral distress as "a causal link between the experience of a moral event and psychological distress." Moral distress can lead to several psychological, physical, and organizational consequences. COVID-19 exacerbates and adds to the constraining elements contributing to moral distress in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. The framework of this thesis is the typology of moral distress written by Morley, Sese et al. (2020). The purpose is to better understand the experience of moral distress by nurses in an adult ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. To accomplish this, a qualitative focused ethnography design from Bourbonnais (2015) is used. The data collection methods are observations with field notes, informal exchanges with general informants, semi-structured interviews and sociodemographic questionnaires with key informants, and a reflective journal. The method of data analysis is the constant comparison method of Côté et al. (2020). Eight key informants between the ages of 26 and 50 participated. Four main themes emerged: temporality, influencing factors, moral distress, , and the need for education about nurses' experience and distress. The results of this study have several implications for the nursing discipline including education, practice, management, research and policy.

This survey research explores neonatal intensive care unit speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome; specifically, how NAS affects infants’ feeding skills, along with structural and oral-motor characteristics. The findings of this research will contribute to this population’s information base. The results are expected to inform the field and current evidence-based practice care for infants with NAS.Learner Outcome(s): Explain Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) Describe infants with NAS and how NAS affects the infants’ feeding skills from the perspective of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) Identify how SLPs in the NICU participate in intervention for infants with NAS and their families

Patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk for infections. This study investigated the outcome and characteristics of CTD patients under intensive care unit (ICU) treatment for sepsis

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[pt] Diversas drogas administradas em neonatos possuem excipientes alcoólicos como etanol, álcool benzílico e propilenoglicol, que são potencialmente perigosos para o desenvolvimento do recém-nascido, principalmente se apresentarem fatores agravantes como prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Foram selecionados estudos que utilizaram drogas com excipientes alcoólicos em neonatos em serviço hospitalar brasileiro. A lista de medicamentos contendo excipientes alcoólicos foi extraída da regulamentação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Foram coletados dados relacionados à dose do medicamento, período de administração, número de recém-nascidos expostos, hospital responsável pela pesquisa e se esses bebês são a termo ou pré-termo. / [en] Several drugs administered to neonates have alcoholic excipients such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol, which are potentially dangerous for the development of the newborn, especially if they present aggravating factors such as prematurity and low birth weight. Studies that used drugs with alcoholic excipients in neonates in the brazilian health system were selected. The list of drugs containing alcoholic excipients was extracted from the regulations of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Data related to the drug dose, period of administration, number of newborns exposed, hospital responsible for the research and whether these babies are term or preterm were collected.

The purpose of this review of literature is to explore the effects of interventional and environmental auditory stimuli on the adult critical care population. Current research has yet to compare and contrast the effectiveness of various interventional auditory stimuli on stress relief, an oversight this thesis aims to remedy. Modern day critical care settings demand the identification of the most therapeutic interventional auditory stimulus and the most stress-inducing environmental stimuli, so that interventions can be made to optimize patient stress levels and improve outcomes. Suggestions will be made on how to simultaneously reduce harmful or stress inducing auditory stimuli in the critical care setting and implement the optimal stress-relieving interventional auditory stimuli.

The purpose of this review of literature is to investigate the various roles of video surveillance (VS) in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) as well as its legal and ethical implications. Today, hospitals spend more money on the ICU than on any other unit. By 2030, the population of those 65 and over is expected to double. 80% of older adults have at least one chronic diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As a consequence, the demand for ICU services will likely increase, which may burden hospital with additional costs. Because of increasing economic pressures, more hospitals are using video surveillance to enhance quality care and reduce ICU costs (Goran, 2012). Research shows that VS enhances positive outcomes among patients and best practice compliance among hospital staff. The results are fewer reports of patient complications and days spent in the ICU, and an increase in reported hospital savings. In addition, VS is becoming an important tool for the families of newborns in the neonatal ICU (NICU). The belief is that the VS can facilitate parent-baby bonding. In the United States of America, privacy rights impose legal restrictions on VS. These rights come from the U.S. Constitution, Statutory law, Regulatory law, and State law. HIPPA authorizes the patient to control the use and disclosure of his or her health information. Accordingly, hospitals are under obligation to inform patients on their right to protected health information. It is appropriate that hospitals use VS for diagnostic purposes as long as they have obtained patient consent. According to modern day privacy experts Charles Fried and Alan Westin, a violation of a person's privacy equates a violation on their liberty and morality. However, if a physician suspects that a third party person is causing harm to the patient, than the use of covert VS is justifiable.

ABSTRACT  Background: ICU diaries are initiated by critical care nurses to document events that take place during patients’ ICU stays with the aim to help patients recall memories of what happened. The relationship dimension in the Fundamentals of Care (FoC) framework begins with the ability of nurses to connect with patients, and through this connection, nurses try to meet and help the patient to meet his/her fundamental needs. The role of ICU diaries in establishing a nurse-patient relationship is unknown. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the use of the ICU diary as a tool to strengthen nurse-patient relationships.  Method: A literature review with inductive content analysis of 20 primary articles. The results were interpreted and discussed using the establishing relationship dimension of the FoC framework. Findings: The statements of patients and nurses about the use of diaries reflect a strong nurse-patient relationship dimension. When combined with ICU follow-up sessions, the relationship is further strengthened, as there is more understanding and knowledge of the bond retrospectively. Conclusion: All elements of the FoC establishing relationship dimension, namely focus, knowing, trusting, anticipating and evaluating are visible in the diaries, and several statements by nurses suggest that using the diaries may have a positive effect on the nurse-patient relationship. However, to what extent the nurse-patient relationship is strengthened by the use of the diaries is less clear and remains an open question. To answer this question, controlled comparative studies would be required. / SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: IVA-dagböcker initieras av intensivvårdssjuksköterskor för att dokumentera vad som händer under en patients IVA-vistelse, med syftet att hjälpa patienter att senare komma ihåg vad de varit med om. Dimensionen etablera vårdrelation i ramverket Fundamentals of Care (FoC) börjar med sjuksköterskors förmåga att anknyta till patienter, och genom denna anknytning försöker sjuksköterskorna att möta och hjälpa patienten för att tillfredsställa dennes fundamentala behov. Det är inte känt vilken roll IVA-dagbok spelar i att etablera en vårdrelation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka användning av IVA-dagbok som ett verktyg för att stärka vårdrelation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv innehållsanalys av 20 originalartiklar. Resultaten tolkades och diskuterades inom ramen för FoC-dimensionen etablera vårdrelation. Resultat: Det patienter och sjuksköterskor säger om användning av IVA-dagbok ger uttryck för en stark vårdrelation. När dagboken efter att patienten skrivits ut används vid uppföljning på IVA stärks denna relation ytterligare, eftersom uppföljningen leder till att patienten får en fördjupad förståelse och kunskap om den vårdrelation som etablerats under vistelsen på IVA. Slutsats: Alla element i FoC-dimensionen etablera vårdrelation (vara närvarande, vara påläst, skapa förtroende, förutse behov, reflektera och utvärdera) är synliga i det patienter och sjuksköterskor säger om dagbok. Utsagor från flera sjuksköterskor tyder på att användning av IVA-dagbok kan ha en positiv effekt på vårdrelationen, men i vilken utsträckning dagboken stärker relationen är mindre klart och fortsätter att vara en öppen fråga. För att besvara denna fråga skulle kontrollerade jämförande studier behövas.

Problématique : Les milieux cliniques ont généralement recours à des critères afin d’assurer l’éligibilité et la sécurité de la mobilisation précoce chez les patients mécaniquement ventilés à l’unité des soins intensifs (USI). Considérant que les protocoles de mobilisation et les critères neurologiques qui y sont associés sont peu définis malgré le fait que les altérations neurologiques soient courantes chez le patient ventilé, ce mémoire avait pour but d’investiguer les protocoles et les critères neurologiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour guider la mobilisation précoce à l’USI. Méthode : Les bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO et Web of Science ont été explorées en septembre 2022 et 32 articles ont été retenus. La méthodologie d’une revue de la portée décrite par Arksey et O’Malley (2005) a été suivie en tenant pour compte des recommandations supplémentaires formulées par Levac et collaborateurs (2010). Le cadre de référence Knowledge to Action, pertinent à la génération et au transfert d’évidences en sciences infirmières, a permis de structurer la formulation des recommandations pour la pratique. Critères de sélection : adultes (> 18ans) sous ventilation mécanique, intervention de mobilisation précoce initiée dans les deux à cinq jours suivant l’admission à l’USI, énoncer clairement les critères neurologiques. Résultats : Concernant la mobilisation précoce, 24 écrits (75%) ont décrit un protocole progressif d’exercices pouvant s’adapter aux fluctuations de l’état neurologique du patient à l’USI, alors que huit autres (25%) se sont intéressés par une intervention unique pour assurer la mobilité de leurs patients. En regard des critères neurologiques recensés, ils ont été rassemblés sous deux catégories : 1) l’état de sédation-agitation et 2) l’état de conscience. La majorité des écrits (n=20, 63%) ont eu recours à une échelle validée afin de structurer l’évaluation de ces critères, notamment par le biais du Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) (n=16, 50%), de l’Échelle de coma de Glasgow (n=2, 6%) et du Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS) (n=1, 3%). En revanche, 12 écrits (38%) n’ont pas eu recours à une échelle pour l’évaluation de ces critères. Conclusion : L’utilisation de protocoles pouvant s’adapter à l’état neurologique des patients ventilés mécaniquement en combinaison à des critères neurologiques pouvant être mesurés à l’aide d’échelle validée est recommandée pour encadrer la pratique de mobilisation précoce ainsi que pour promouvoir cette intervention à l’USI. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre l’impact de la mobilisation sur la récupération neurologique à l’USI. / Background. Clinical settings typically use criteria to ensure the eligibility and safety of early mobilization in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Considering that mobilization protocols and associated neurological criteria are poorly defined despite the prevalence of neurological impairments in ventilated patients, this study aimed to investigate the protocols and neurological criteria that can be used to guide early mobilization in the ICU. Methods. In September 2022, CINAHL, MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were explored, and the selection processes resulted in a final number of 32 articles. The methodology of a scoping review described by Arskey and O’Malley (2005) was followed, and the recommendations by Levac and al., (2010) were also taken into account. The Knowledge to Action framework, relevant to the transfer of evidence in nursing sciences, was used to formulate recommendations for the practice. Selection criteria. adults (>18 years old) under mechanical ventilation, early mobilization intervention initiated within 2-5 days following admission to the ICU, neurological criteria stated by authors Results. Regarding early mobilization, 24 authors (75%) suggested a progressive exercises protocol, while eight (25%) focused on the use of a device or single type of exercises. The neurological criteria are represented under two categories, the level of sedation-agitation and the level of consciousness. Among the reviewed articles, evaluation was structured with a validated scale for the majority (n=20, 63%), as the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) (n=16, 50%), the Glasgow Coma Scale (n=2, 6%) and the Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS) (n=1, 3%) were used. Conclusion. The use of protocols adapted to the neurological status of mechanically ventilated patients, with the combinaison of neurological criteria defined by validated scale is recommended to guide practice and promote this intervention. Additional studies could be conducted to better understand the impact of mobilization in the neurological recovery in the ICU.