The problem addressed in this study was the lack of understanding about failures of government leadership in accomplishing complex information technology (IT) projects and the ways such failures can negatively affect organizational performance. The purpose was to query subject matter experts and leaders with the intent to identify methods to reduce complex IT project failure rates in government organizations. This qualitative study drew on the technology acceptance model and the capability maturity model integration framework to evaluate organizations' abilities to manage complex IT projects. The research questions focused on exploring senior managers' experiences, the tacit knowledge of project management methodologies, and IT governance frameworks. The Delphi method was suitable for collecting and analyzing opinions of subject matter experts to help reach group consensus. Qualitative data analysis was used to identify themes, categories, and subcategories for thematic analysis. The result of the study was the identification of critical success factors and leadership attributes to increase the success rate of complex IT projects in federal agencies. This research may be beneficial to federal government program leaders who, as the result of increased insights and knowledge, can more effectively provide online government services using technology-enabled end-users' computing devices in a cost-effective and secure method.

This thesis explores the consequences of neglect and lack of proper support and implementation in maintenance management models, specifically an old implementation of the Pm3 model. The area of study is not widely explored, with studies and evaluation of the specific model we have looked at being almost non-existent. We have conducted a qualitative case study at an IT department/company at a Swedish university and the data has been collected through interviews with different IT department leaders, as well as one interview with a representative with the company that owns and distributes the Pm3 model. The current software development methodology at the IT company studied in this thesis are agile methods but is locked down to a micro level, while the Pm3 model handles the macro level. The consequences of this are then compared against research within fields such as IT governance and IT/business alignment to find discrepancies from which the phenomena’s can be explained. With this thesis we want to explore the consequences of not maintaining maintenance management models in organizations, especially the Pm3 model as this is widely in Swedish institutions such as universities and government authorities. This thesis provides a word of caution and argue for the importance of maintenance in maintenance management models for such organizations.

Studien undersöker digitala teman kopplade till digital styrning och strategi inom svenska börsnoterade företag. I studien analyserades årsredovisningar i 40 noterade bolag inom 10 sektorer på Nasdaq Main Market. Frågor som undersöktes skulle besvara om bolagen hade en digital styrning och strategi, hur dessa varierade mellan sektorer och vilka digitaliseringsbegrepp som trendar. Resultaten visar att digitala teman förekom i alla sektorer och 9 av 10sektorer har digitala strategier, vilket visar förekomst av digital styrning & anpassning till digitalisering som betonas av McAfee & Brynjolfsson (2018). Det vanligaste digitala tema som identifierades i studien relaterar till teknologiska framsteg, digital utveckling, innovation, digitala investeringar, digitala förvärv samt digital kompetens. Resultaten stödjer Westerman et al.'s (2014) antaganden om att det måste finnas digital styrning lämpad för att anpassa bolag in i den digitala framtiden. Dock så varierade de digitala strategierna inom olika sektorer. Studien visar en diskrepans gällande formuleringen av digitala strategier, 56% av identifierade nyckelord inom strategisektionen i årsredovisningarna bedömdes ej vara tydliga digitalastrategier. Resultatet visade i stället att nästan dubbelt så många teman som tolkades utgöra digitala strategier förekom i andra sektioner av årsredovisningarna. Studien visar därför att bolag har otydliga digitala strategier, vilket stödjer slutsatsen att det fortfarande saknas en strukturerad modell för hur digital strategi och styrning bör utformas som Schallmo et al. (2017) noterat. Analysen av nyckelord visade att 13% av digitala temanutgjorde digitala risker. Dessa resultat stödjer Wilkin & Chenhall (2019) sslutsatser att digitala risker bör hanteras i bolagsstyrningen. Dessa resultat stödjer även Shaikh & Siponens (2023) iakttagelse att styrelsen och ledningen bör hantera IT-risker. Frekvent förekommande identifierade risker betonar den snabba digitaliseringen i omvärlden och behov av att utöka digital säkerhet.Metoden i denna studie fokuserar på extern rapportering, vilket kan begränsa möjligheten att dra omfattande slutsatser om nivån av digitalisering. Dock är extern rapportering en pålitlig och strukturerad källa till data som ger insikter. Studien erkänner utmaningarna med att hitta beprövade teoretiska ramverk för att studera digitalstyrning som även diskuterats av Navarra & Cornford (2009). / This study examines digital governance and strategy within Swedish listed companies. The study focuses on external reporting and analysing the annual reports of 40 listed companies in 10 sectors on the Nasdaq Main Market. The examined questions aimed to determine whether companies had digital governance and strategy, how these varied across sectors, and which digitalisation concepts were trending. The results show that all sectors somehow refer to digitalisation, and 9 out of 10 sectors have digital strategies, demonstrating governance and adaptation to digitalisation, as McAfee & Brynjolfsson (2018) emphasised. The most common digital theme identified in the study relates to rapid technological advancements, digital development, innovation, digital investments, digital acquisitions, and expertise. The results support Westerman et al.'s (2014) assumptions that digital governance is necessary to adapt companies for the future. However, the digital strategies varied across different sectors. The study reveals a discrepancy regarding the formulation of digital strategies, with 56% of identified keywords in the strategy section of the annual reports not being linked to a transparent digital objective or strategy. Nonetheless, it was discovered that almost twice as many statements associated with digital strategies were found in other sections of the annual reports. This indicates the presence of ambiguous digital strategy, supporting the conclusion that there is still a lack of a structured digital strategy and governance model, as noted by Schallmo et al. (2017). The keywords analysis revealed that the annual reports presented 13% of the identified codes as digital risks. These results align with the conclusions of Wilkin & Chenhall that digital risks should be addressed in governance. These findings also support the observation by Shaikh & Siponen (2023) that boards and management should manage IT risks. The majority of identified risks in the study highlight the importance of digital security. The method in this study focuses on external reporting, which may limit the ability to draw comprehensive conclusions about the level of digitalisation. However, external reporting is a reliable and structured source of data that provides insights. The study acknowledges the challenges in finding theoretical frameworks for studying digital governance, as Navarra & Cornford (2009) discussed

<p>This thesis examines <em>dynamic IT capabilities:</em> firms’ abilities to integrate, build, and reconfigure information technology resources concurrently with organizational business process and managerial processes in pursuit of performance advantages in a changing or uncertain environment. Research in dynamic IT capabilities has increased with the recognition that organizational survival and growth requires organizational change to resolve a range of management challenges that emerge over time. In prior research, specific constructs of dynamic IT capabilities have been the subject of independent empirical investigation. This has resulted in conflicting conceptualizations of dynamic capabilities that obfuscate theoretical definition, empirical grounding and measurement. We seek to contribute conceptual coherence to the discourse on dynamic IT capabilities in three respects. First, we advance a theoretical framework to tease apart the common versus idiosyncratic elements of firms’ dynamic capabilities to <em>exploit</em> IT in practice. Our empirical findings serve to integrate conflicting (common versus idiosyncratic) conceptualizations of dynamic IT capabilities. Second, we advance a theoretical framework of firms’ dynamic capabilities to <em>explore</em> for IT innovations that are likely to improve firm performance. To that end we examine CIOs’ use of external advice networks to mindfully identify rewarding IT innovations. In so doing we clarify the concept of mindfulness. We find mindful external advice seeking is atypical in practice, contrary to assumptions of the technology diffusion and institutional literatures. Our empirical findings elucidate the significance of IT governance in motivating mindful search for rewarding IT innovations. Third, we demonstrate the importance of qualitative and configurational methodologies in investigating such complex phenomena as dynamic IT capabilities. We also propose promising future research directions, theoretical grounding and analytical techniques that, by building on the concepts advanced in this study, can further advance our understanding of how firms acquire and realize dynamic IT capabilities in support of sustained performance advantages.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Diese kumulative Dissertation leistet einen Erklärungsbeitrag zu der Frage der theoretischen Beziehung zwischen der Informationstechnologie-(IT-)Governance und der Adoption von IT-basierten Innovationen auf Organisationsebene. IT-Governance kann in diesem Zusammenhang als der Ort der Verantwortungshoheit für IT-Entscheidungen verstanden werden. Adoption bezieht sich auf die Aneignung einer technologischen Innovation durch eine Organisation. Zwei übergeordnete Forschungsfragen leiten diese Dissertation: (1) Wie beeinflusst die Form der IT-Governance die Aneignung neuer Technologien, und umgekehrt (2) wie beeinflussen neue Technologien die Form der IT-Governance? Hinsichtlich Forschungsfrage (1) wurden vier Studien zu Innovationen im Mobile Government durchgeführt, d.h. zu der Nutzung von mobilen Technologien im öffentlichen Sektor mit dem Ziel Verwaltungsdienstleistungen und interne Prozesse zu verbessern. In Bezug auf Forschungsfrage (2) wurde in weiteren vier Studien die Aneignung von Unternehmenssoftware as a Service (SaaS), d.h. die Nutzung von Geschäftsanwendungen als webbasierte Dienste, untersucht. Zusammenfassend gibt diese Dissertation Aufschluss darüber, wie IT-Governance und entsprechende Mechanismen die Innovativität in bestimmten organisationalen Kontexten begünstigen können (in öffentlichen Verwaltungen z.B. durch die Verknüpfung von organisationalen und technologischen Verantwortlichkeiten) und umgekehrt wie die Form der IT-Governance selbst durch das Aufkommen von technologischen Neuerungen (z.B. durch externe Bereitstellungsmodelle wie SaaS) umgestaltet wird bzw. werden muss. Methodisch demonstriert diese Arbeit den Reichtum, der durch den wechselnden Einsatz von qualitativen und quantitativen Ansätzen erzielt werden kann. Abschließend werden eine Reihe von Implikationen für IT-Entscheider in öffentlichen und privatwirtschaftlichen Kontexten aufgezeigt. / This cumulative dissertation contributes to the question of the theoretical relationship between information technology (IT) governance and the adoption of IT-based innovations. IT governance has been described specifically as the locus of responsibility for IT functions within organizations. Innovation adoption in this context refers to the decision of an organization to make use of a technological innovation. Two principal research questions (RQ) guide this dissertation: (1) how does the mode of IT governance influence adoption of new technologies, and conversely (2) how does the adoption of new technologies affect organizational IT governance? In order to address RQ1, I conducted four studies in a public sector context regarding innovations in Mobile Government referring to the use of mobile technology to improve government services and internal processes. Regarding RQ2, I investigated the adoption of enterprise Software as a Service (SaaS) in four further studies. In this context, it is hypothesized that for some applications SaaS-based provision leads to a ‘governance shift’ of IT responsibilities from IT towards business units. In summary, this dissertation sheds light on the question of how IT governance and its mechanisms can foster innovativeness in certain contexts (e.g., through aligning organizational and technological responsibilities in public sector organizations), and conversely how the mode of IT governance itself can be shaped by the emergence of new technological innovations (e.g., external delivery models such as SaaS). Methodologically, this work demonstrates the richness provided by alternating between qualitative and quantitative empirical approaches. Finally, a number of relevant practical implications for IT decision makers in governmental and entrepreneurial contexts are outlined.

In dieser Arbeit werden Unternehmensnetzwerke aus einer abhängigkeitsbasierten Perspektive betrachtet und es wird ein Beitrag zum Management solcher Netzwerke geleistet. Unter dem Begriff Management wird im Kontext dieser Arbeit die ganzheitliche Planung, Kontrolle und Steuerung verstanden. Dabei wurden in sechs wissenschaftlichen Erst- und Koautorenschaften diverse gestaltungsorientierte Forschungsergebnisse in Form von Design-Science-Artefakten entwickelt. Mit deren Hilfe können Managementaktivitäten in den Bereichen Business-IT-Alignment, Partnerauswahl in Netzwerken, sowie IT-Governance auf der Basis von Abhängigkeiten mit interorganisationaler Ausprägung betrachtet und gemeistert werden. In dieser kumulativen Dissertationsschrift werden die Resultate entlang des Lebenszyklus von Unternehmensnetzwerken eingeordnet, wodurch die Relevanz der eingereichten Artikel auf die einzelnen Netzwerklebensphasen gespiegelt wird. Zudem werden sowohl theoretische als auch praktische Implikationen der Resultate diskutiert. Insgesamt tragen sowohl die ganzheitliche Sichtweise als auch der interdisziplinäre Charakter der Ausarbeitungen zu einem gesteigerten Verständnis von Abhängigkeitsbeziehungen in Unternehmensnetzwerken bei.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Becker.pdf: 1680814 bytes, checksum: e32eecc9e8f4e602513a2049aa488491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-03 / In the current globalized and connected context where companies and organizations increasingly rely on their information technology infrastructure for business continuity, such critical systems and applications need to be available and operational for end users and customers almost twenty-four hours per day over the three hundred sixty-five days of the year. In view of this, this research sought to identify the state of the art in terms of technologies for high availability computing environments and how best practice guides for IT Governance & Management can help to maintain available and operational the business critical systems. As a complement, it sought through the application of a survey research to understand the existing IT practices in one of three states with greatest economic importance in the Brazilian Northeast area. The study was conducted among December 2011 and March 2012 and aimed to evaluate current investments in IT resources, identify the main causes of unplanned downtimes and measure their impacts. From the data analysis it was possible to identify improvement opportunities regarding infrastructure, people, processes and services in order to minimize the unavailability of business critical systems for companies and organizations. / No atual contexto globalizado e conectado, as empresas e organiza??es dependem cada vez mais de suas infraestruturas de tecnologia da informa??o para a continuidade de seus neg?cios. Por esse motivo, tais sistemas e aplica??es cr?ticos ?s organiza??es necessitam estar dispon?veis e operacionais aos usu?rios internos e clientes por praticamente vinte e quatro horas por dia ao longo dos trezentos e sessenta e cinco dias do ano. Diante disto, esta pesquisa buscou apreender o estado da arte em termos de tecnologias para ambientes computacionais de alta disponibilidade e como guias de melhores pr?ticas de Governan?a e Gerenciamento de TI podem contribuir para manterdispon?veis e operacionais os sistemas cr?ticos ao neg?cio. Como complemento, buscou por meio da aplica??o de um survey compreender a pr?tica de TI existente em um dos tr?s Estados do nordeste brasileiro de maior relev?ncia econ?mica. O estudo foi realizado entre dezembro de 2011 e mar?o de 2012 e teve por objetivos avaliar os atuais investimentos em recursos de TI, mensurar os impactos e identificar as principais causas das paradas n?o programadas. Da an?lise dos dados, foi poss?vel apontar as oportunidades de melhoria no que tange infraestrutura, pessoas, processos e servi?os visando minimizar a indisponibilidade dos sistemas cr?ticos ao neg?cio de empresas e organiza??es.

Vårt examensarbete har genomförts på företaget Electrolux Laundry Systems (ELS) logistikavdelning, Logistics Center Ljungby (LCL).  Under det senaste året har företaget haft motgångar vid ett IT/IS-projekt inom sin logistikavdelning (LCL). Uppsatsen har således syftat till att beskriva och analysera varför IT/IS-projektet har avstannat, och ej nått implementering. För att uppnå syftet har vi utgått från en, i stort sett, kvalitativ ansats där primärdata har insamlats genom metoder såsom intervjuer och deltagande observationer medan sekundärdata inhämtats i form av dokumentundersökningar och offentliga dokument.   Resultatet av studien har utgjorts av deltagande observationer på fallföretagets logistikavdelning, LCL, samt intervjuer med olika verksamhetsnivåer. Detta har påvisat bristande kommunikation och direktiv samt fallföretagets brister i förstudiens utförande vad gäller förankring av projektet, planering av tid, resurser och kostnader samt formulering av krav. Slutsatser vi kunnat dra av detta är att en fungerande kommunikation mellan olika verksamhetsnivåer samt en noggrant utförd förstudie är essentiella element för att ge ett projekt rätt förutsättningar. / Our thesis has been performed in the company of Electrolux Laundry Systems (ELS) logistics department, Logistics Center Ljungby (LCL). Over the past year, the company has met setbacks during an IT/IS-project in the logistics department (LCL). The essay is thus aimed to describe and analyze why the IT/IS-project have stagnated. To achieve the purpose of the study we have applied a mainly qualitative approach in which the primary data is collected through methods such as interviews and participant observations while the secondary data is obtained by means of litterature and public documents.   The study’s result consisted of participant observation at LCL, and interviews with co-workers at various levels in the organization. These have shown a lack of communication between employees at different levels in the company. Moreover, the result proved the company's shortcomings in designing the pilot study, e.g. deeply root the project, planning time, resources, costs and specify requirements. Our conclusions from this study are that effective communication between different levels of employees, and an accurately performed pilot study, are essential elements to give a project the right conditions.

Existem fortes indícios de que os investimentos realizados em Tecnologia de Informação (TI) têm afetado positivamente o desempenho organizacional, mesmo sendo difícil mostrar e avaliar estes ganhos. A TI por si mesma não garante retorno à organização, mas sim a forma como ela é utilizada e gerenciada pelas mesmas. Entretanto, o modo como a TI é organizada e estruturada aparece como um dos problemas organizacionais mais difíceis de ser equacionado, ajudando a explicar porque muitas organizações obtêm diferentes resultados, utilizando, em muitos casos, a mesma tecnologia. Recentemente, surge na agenda dos executivos o termo governança de TI, buscando justificar e principalmente otimizar os investimentos realizados em TI. Embora alguns estudos tenham mostrado que empresas com bons modelos de governança de TI apresentam resultados superiores aos de seus competidores, as pesquisas científicas realizadas até agora não permitiram concluir se um desempenho superior da governança de TI se reflete no resultado financeiro da organização. Assim, buscou-se nesta tese de doutorado verificar se a governança de TI afeta o desempenho organizacional, investigando também qual a percepção dos executivos de TI quanto ao impacto dos mecanismos de governança de TI na gestão da TI. Para tal, foram realizados dois métodos distintos: um estudo de eventos e uma pesquisa survey. O estudo de eventos verificou se empresas que haviam adotado mecanismos formais de governança de TI melhoraram seu desempenho financeiro, examinando mudanças na performance antes e após a adoção, controlando as mudanças no desempenho através da média do setor. Já a pesquisa survey, realizada junto a executivos de TI de 81 empresas nacionais, verificou as relações existentes entre os diferentes mecanismos de governança de TI, o desempenho (percebido) da gestão da TI (avaliado pelos constructos alinhamento estratégico, valor da TI, gerenciamento de risco, gerenciamento de recursos, medidas de performance e accountability) e a utilização da TI pela organização. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as empresas com governança de TI melhoraram sensivelmente seu desempenho organizacional quando comparadas às demais empresas, especialmente no que se refere às medidas de rentabilidade (como ROA, ROE e Margem Líquida). Identificou-se, também, que o impacto desses mecanismos se potencializa com o tempo, ou seja, à medida que a sua implementação se torna mais madura, mais intensos são os seus benefícios. Vários mecanismos de governança de TI apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com os constructos referentes às áreas-foco da governança, sugerindo que quanto mais efetivos forem estes mecanismos, melhor será o desempenho da gestão da TI. Constatou-se, ainda, que quanto melhor o desempenho (percebido) da gestão da TI, mais eficaz tende a ser o uso da TI pelas organizações. / There are strong signs that Information Technology (IT) investments have positive impact on organizational performance; nonetheless, it has been very hard to show and evaluate these gains. IT by itself does not guarantee returns, but the way how it is used and managed by firms. However, the way IT is organized and structured represents one of the hardest organizational problems to be solved, helping to explain why firms can obtain different results using some times the same technology. Recently, it appears on the agenda of many organizations the concept of IT Governance in order to justify and mainly optimize IT investments. Some studies have shown that companies which have good IT Governance models generate superior returns on their IT investments than their competitors. However, there is no enough scientific research that confirms that an effective IT Governance results in a better financial organizational performance. Thus, we intended in this thesis verify if the adoption of Information Technology Governance practices affects the financial performance of companies, investigating too what are the IT executives perception about the impact of IT governance mechanisms on IT management. We proposed the combination of two different methods: an event study and a survey. The latter verified if companies which have adopted IT Governance mechanisms improve their financial performance, examining the change in financial performance pre and post adoption controlling for industry mean changes in performance. The former – applied to IT executives from 81 different firms – verified the existing relations among adopted IT Governance mechanisms, IT Governance domains of application performance (strategic alignment, value delivery, risk management, resource management, performance measurement, and accountability), and IT use. We found that companies which had adopted IT Governance mechanisms improved their organizational performance when compared to the control group, especially regarding about profitability measures (like ROA, ROE, and ROS). We still found that effects of IT Governance mechanisms’ adoption on financial performance are stronger in the following adoption year than the year where those mechanisms were adopted. Different IT governance mechanisms have showed positive relationship with IT Governance domains of application performance, suggesting the more effective they were, the better IT management will be. Finally, we found that better IT Governance performance leads to more effective IT use.

Existem fortes indícios de que os investimentos realizados em Tecnologia de Informação (TI) têm afetado positivamente o desempenho organizacional, mesmo sendo difícil mostrar e avaliar estes ganhos. A TI por si mesma não garante retorno à organização, mas sim a forma como ela é utilizada e gerenciada pelas mesmas. Entretanto, o modo como a TI é organizada e estruturada aparece como um dos problemas organizacionais mais difíceis de ser equacionado, ajudando a explicar porque muitas organizações obtêm diferentes resultados, utilizando, em muitos casos, a mesma tecnologia. Recentemente, surge na agenda dos executivos o termo governança de TI, buscando justificar e principalmente otimizar os investimentos realizados em TI. Embora alguns estudos tenham mostrado que empresas com bons modelos de governança de TI apresentam resultados superiores aos de seus competidores, as pesquisas científicas realizadas até agora não permitiram concluir se um desempenho superior da governança de TI se reflete no resultado financeiro da organização. Assim, buscou-se nesta tese de doutorado verificar se a governança de TI afeta o desempenho organizacional, investigando também qual a percepção dos executivos de TI quanto ao impacto dos mecanismos de governança de TI na gestão da TI. Para tal, foram realizados dois métodos distintos: um estudo de eventos e uma pesquisa survey. O estudo de eventos verificou se empresas que haviam adotado mecanismos formais de governança de TI melhoraram seu desempenho financeiro, examinando mudanças na performance antes e após a adoção, controlando as mudanças no desempenho através da média do setor. Já a pesquisa survey, realizada junto a executivos de TI de 81 empresas nacionais, verificou as relações existentes entre os diferentes mecanismos de governança de TI, o desempenho (percebido) da gestão da TI (avaliado pelos constructos alinhamento estratégico, valor da TI, gerenciamento de risco, gerenciamento de recursos, medidas de performance e accountability) e a utilização da TI pela organização. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as empresas com governança de TI melhoraram sensivelmente seu desempenho organizacional quando comparadas às demais empresas, especialmente no que se refere às medidas de rentabilidade (como ROA, ROE e Margem Líquida). Identificou-se, também, que o impacto desses mecanismos se potencializa com o tempo, ou seja, à medida que a sua implementação se torna mais madura, mais intensos são os seus benefícios. Vários mecanismos de governança de TI apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com os constructos referentes às áreas-foco da governança, sugerindo que quanto mais efetivos forem estes mecanismos, melhor será o desempenho da gestão da TI. Constatou-se, ainda, que quanto melhor o desempenho (percebido) da gestão da TI, mais eficaz tende a ser o uso da TI pelas organizações. / There are strong signs that Information Technology (IT) investments have positive impact on organizational performance; nonetheless, it has been very hard to show and evaluate these gains. IT by itself does not guarantee returns, but the way how it is used and managed by firms. However, the way IT is organized and structured represents one of the hardest organizational problems to be solved, helping to explain why firms can obtain different results using some times the same technology. Recently, it appears on the agenda of many organizations the concept of IT Governance in order to justify and mainly optimize IT investments. Some studies have shown that companies which have good IT Governance models generate superior returns on their IT investments than their competitors. However, there is no enough scientific research that confirms that an effective IT Governance results in a better financial organizational performance. Thus, we intended in this thesis verify if the adoption of Information Technology Governance practices affects the financial performance of companies, investigating too what are the IT executives perception about the impact of IT governance mechanisms on IT management. We proposed the combination of two different methods: an event study and a survey. The latter verified if companies which have adopted IT Governance mechanisms improve their financial performance, examining the change in financial performance pre and post adoption controlling for industry mean changes in performance. The former – applied to IT executives from 81 different firms – verified the existing relations among adopted IT Governance mechanisms, IT Governance domains of application performance (strategic alignment, value delivery, risk management, resource management, performance measurement, and accountability), and IT use. We found that companies which had adopted IT Governance mechanisms improved their organizational performance when compared to the control group, especially regarding about profitability measures (like ROA, ROE, and ROS). We still found that effects of IT Governance mechanisms’ adoption on financial performance are stronger in the following adoption year than the year where those mechanisms were adopted. Different IT governance mechanisms have showed positive relationship with IT Governance domains of application performance, suggesting the more effective they were, the better IT management will be. Finally, we found that better IT Governance performance leads to more effective IT use.