In Latin America, multicultural reforms came in the last three decades in response to regional indigenous empowerment that in turn coincided with processes of neoliberal re-democratization. In Chile, neoliberalization also meant for the indigenous Mapuche dramatic processes of indigenous proletarianization by de-territorialization and a new cycle of resistance and creative deployment of political, economic and cultural agencies bringing forth issues of sustainability, collective well-being, and democracy. Through qualitative methods, this thesis examines how multiple actors are shaping the landscapes of tourism development in south-central Chile. There, tourism practice and discourse in Mapuche rural communities reflect Mapuche responses to a recent phase of policies targeting them under the rubric of "Development with Identity". I demonstrate through three case studies how both these policies and tourism markets are being engaged by Mapuche ethno-entrepreneurial leaders, who at the same time advance agendas of Mapuche re-territorialization through novel re-articulations of livelihoods, place, and identities.

Between 1810 and 1826 Spain lost most of her possessions in the Americas, and the inhabitants of Spanish America ceased to be subjects of the king, and became citizens of a series of new republics such as Mexico, Peru, Chile and Colombia. This thesis explores how the transition from colonial to republican rule was experienced by the inhabitants of the provinces of Santa Marta and Riohacha (Colombia), and the extent to which the transition implied a radical break with the colonial past. Santa Marta was among the most important royalist strongholds in the northern part of Spanish South America, and the thesis offers an interpretation of the much-neglected theme of Spanish American royalism during the independence period. It focuses on the social and 'ethnic' configuration of the provinces, and it discusses how different social/ 'ethnic' groups were constructed in the colonial period, how they responded and acted during the wars of independence and what the transition to republican rule implied for the make-up of nineteenth-century society. The analyses of late colonial and early republican society are done principally (but not exclusively) through a detailed discussion of marriage practices and patterns. The study is based primarily on archival sources from Spanish and Colombian depositories.

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Selem_MariaCeliaOrlato_D.pdf: 4821285 bytes, checksum: 5aceae2f4c258481b430843eb05b59f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa busca identificar poéticas feministas no cinema de mulheres latino-americanas neste século XXI. Nesse intuito, foram selecionados os seguintes filmes: La teta asustada, de Claudia Llosa (Peru - 2009); Que tan lejos, de Tania Hermida (Equador - 2006); Rompecabezas, Natalia Smirnoff (Argentina, 2009); Entre nós, de Paola Mendoza e Gloria La Morte (Colômbia, 2009); Sonhos Roubados, de Sandra Werneck (Brasil, 2009); En la puta vida, de Beatriz Flores Silva (Uruguai, 2001); A falta que me faz, de Marília Rocha (Brasil, 2009), Senhorita extraviada, de Lourdes Portillo (México, 2001), Tambores de água, un encuentro ancestral, de Clarissa Duque (Venezuela, 2009), Memória de un escrito perdido, de Cristina Raschia (Argentina, 2010), e Maria em tierra de nadie, de Marcela Zamora (El Salvador, 2010). Foram considerados nesta análise, também, alguns festivais de cinema feminino na década de 1980 e na atualidade, identificados como espaços de construção da crítica feminista de cinema latino-americana. Metodologicamente o trabalho é respaldado pelos estudos feministas e pós-coloniais, somados à filosofia foucaultiana. Foi possível perceber que, embora os festivais atuais analisados guardem alguns aspectos comuns, no que diz respeito à visibilidade das mulheres no cinema, acontecem, por vezes, de forma desconectada das pautas feministas locais e da crítica ao sistema político-econômico que tem norteado o feminismo latino-americano. De alguma maneira, todos os filmes analisados foram percebidos como atravessados pelas consequências do capitalismo e do patriarcado, embora de maneiras diversas. Desses trabalhos, emergiram temas ligados aos processos migratórios, violência de Estado, feminicídio, desigualdade social, entre outros tantos, que também são objetos de interesse dos feminismos, em suas possibilidades de resistência / Abstract: This present study investigates feminist poetics of Latin American women in motion pictures in the 21st century. To that end, the following films were selected: La teta asustada, by Claudia Llosa (Peru - 2009); Que tan lejos, by Tania Hermida (Ecuador - 2006); Rompecabezas, Natalia Smirnoff (Argentina, 2009); Entre nós, by Paola Mendoza and Gloria La Morte (Colombia, 2009); Sonhos Roubados, by Sandra Werneck (Brazil, 2009); En la puta vida, by Beatriz Flores Silva (Uruguay, 2001); A falta que me faz, by Marília Rocha (Brazil, 2009),Senhorita extraviada, by Lourdes Portillo (Mexico, 2001), Tambores de água, un encuentro ancestral, by Clarissa Duque (Venezuela, 2009), Memória de un escrito perdido, by Cristina Raschia (Argentina, 2010), and Maria em tierra de nadie, by Marcela Zamora (El Salvador, 2010). Some festivals from both the 80s and recent years were also taken into account in this analysis, once they are identified as spaces for the feminism criticism construction of Latin American motion picture. Methodologically, this research is supported by feminist and post colonial approaches in addition to Foucauldian philosophy. It has become evident that although current festivals bear common aspects regarding women visibility in motion picture industry, sometimes it does happen disconnected from local feminist guidelines and criticism to the political and economic system, which has ruled the Latin American feminism. All the films assessed were somehow noticeably affected by the consequences of capitalism and this long-standing patriarchy, even though in different ways. From these studies, themes concerning migratory processes, state violence, feminicide, social inequality, among many others, which are also feminism objects of interest have emerged as resistance possibilities / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutora em História

Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_AndreaPaulaJustinodos_M.pdf: 7621941 bytes, checksum: 76d51270c2813b9ad4902e1c4efff5e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar a influência de Eugenio Barba e do Terceiro Teatro na América Latina. Com esse intuito, o estudo foca o trabalho de três grupos latinoamericanos que, em algum momento de suas trajetórias, entraram em contato com essas idéias: o Yuyachkani (Peru), o Teatro de los Andes (Bolívia) e o LUME (Brasil). A princípio, é realizado um levantamento histórico-crítico sobre o contato do Odin Teatret na América Latina, a partir da segunda metade da década de 70. Há uma reflexão sobre essa primeira fase, durante a década de 80, que se caracteriza como o período em que as primeiras polêmicas surgiram, e questões sobre colonialismo e imitação aparecem em textos e observações críticas. Durante este estudo houve a preocupação em considerar as diferenças existentes não em uma América Latina, mas nas muitas culturas latinoamericanas materializadas no trabalho dos grupos estudados. O segundo capítulo centrou-se no trabalho de cada grupo especificamente, considerando os diferentes contextos e dinâmicas nas quais esses encontros ocorreram. No último capítulo, partindo da junção dos textos teóricos com a experiência prática da pesquisa de campo realizada, os diferentes níveis de negociações que houve nesses encontros foram verificados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de não apresentar respostas para as inúmeras perguntas que surgiram, mas realizar uma contribuição para as reflexões sobre esse período dentro da história do teatro latinoamericano / Abstract: This dissertation aims at verifying the influence of Eugenio Barba and the Third Theatre on Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, it was decided to focus on the work of three Latin American theatre groups: Yuyachkani (Peru), Teatro de los Andes (Bolivia) and LUME (Brazil). At first, on chapter one, a historical-critical gathering of facts was made about the contact between Odin Teatret and Latin America since the second half of the seventies. There is a reflection upon this first phase, which covers the decade of the eighties, because that was a period where the first polemic facts arose and words such as colonialism and imitation appeared in some articles about this relationship. This analysis was made by taking into consideration that there is not one Latin America, but many different cultures embodied in the work of these theatre groups. On the second chapter, the work and the different contexts and dynamics of each of the groups were taken into account in order to analyze this contact. On the last chapter, by the junction of theory and field research, the different levels of negotiation that occurred through this contact were verified. The aim of this work was not concerned with finding answers to the questions that came forth, but to contribute to the reflections about this specific period on Latin America Theatre history / Mestrado / Artes Cenicas / Mestre em Artes

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T01:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bichir_MairaMachado_M.pdf: 1219697 bytes, checksum: ce25b34b7e958403e4b50b0eae5312f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O debate em torno da problemática da dependência ocupou estudiosos de diversos países latino-americanos durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970, período em que as contradições econômicas e sociais da região se agudizavam, manifestando-se politicamente na oposição revolução - contrarrevolução. O objeto da presente pesquisa se inscreve justamente nesse momento histórico e reside na análise do pensamento de Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra e Theotônio dos Santos, autores que tiveram um papel ativo e relevante nesse processo e que aparecem reunidos aqui no que se denomina vertente marxista da dependência. Intenta-se, nesse estudo, apresentar e sistematizar suas interpretações acerca da dependência latino-americana; nesse sentido, a dissertação encontra-se estruturada em três capítulos, cujo marco metodológico é a História do Pensamento Político: o primeiro deles está dedicado ao estudo das origens da problemática da dependência, resgatando os processos econômicos, políticos e sociais que marcaram a América Latina naquele período, bem como o debate no interior dos estudos sobre desenvolvimento econômico; o segundo enfoca a conformação da vertente marxista da dependência, situando-a no contexto mais amplo da "Teoria da Dependência"; por fim, o terceiro tem como foco a compreensão do pensamento dessa vertente / Abstract: The debate regarding dependency mobilized scholars from different Latin American countries in the decades of 1960 and 1970, when economic and social contradictions deepened and acquired a political dimension through the opposition between revolution and counter-revolution. The subject of this thesis is directly related to this period and concerns the thought of Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra and Theotônio dos Santos, who had an active and relevant role in the constitution of the "Dependency Theory" in its Marxist perspective. This work aims to present and systematize their views on Latin American dependency. As a result, the thesis is divided into three chapters, in which the History of Political Thought has a leading methodological role. The first one discusses both the origins of dependency, highlighting economic, political and social processes which marked Latin America at that time and the debate around economic development. The following chapter turns its focus to the emergence of Marxist Dependency Theory in the larger scope of "Dependency Theory". Finally, the third chapter is centered on the comprehension of the above-mentioned perspective / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

During the mid to late 1900s many Latin American countries found themselves under the rule of violent military regimes and in civil war. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the atrocities committed in the late 20th century throughout Latin America and to discuss the ways in which these societies, affected by state violence, were able to overcome the past. In this paper, I will look at the purpose of truth and reconciliation commissions and their outcomes in Chile, Argentina, and Guatemala in order to find some similarities and compare and contrast the successes and failures of the different commissions in their respective settings.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Research question: What is the difference in prevalence of LARCs between women living in urban and rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? Background, significance, and rationale: While LARCs have been shown to be effective, approved for long duration of use, and cost-effective there is an unmet need for this type contraception in rural areas. The LAC region has a need for improved family planning services, evidenced by the high percentage of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions. Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted between 2010 and 2015 in LAC countries were reviewed and analyzed to determine difference in prevalence of LARC use between women living in urban versus rural areas. Additionally, a systematic literature review was performed resulting in selection of 11 primary research articles evaluated for LARC prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with LARC use.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There are few studies in Latin America, especially in primary care settings. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, stages, and associated factors of CKD in primary care setting. Methods: We did a retrospective secondary analysis of a database from the Diabetes and Hypertension Primary Care Center of the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud) in Lima, Peru. We defined CKD as the presence of eGFR <60 mL/min and/or albuminuria >30 mg/day in 24 h, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Factors associated with CKD were evaluated with Poisson Regression models; these factors included age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), and uric acid. Associations were described as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We evaluated 1211 patients (women [59%], mean age 65.8 years [SD: 12.7]). Prevalence of CKD was 18%. Using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3 – 13.3) in patients without HTN or DM2; 20.2% (95% CI 17.6 – 22.8) in patients with HTN, and 23.9% (95% CI 19.4 – 28.4) in patients with DM2. The most common stages were 1 and 2 with 41.5% and 48%, respectively. Factors associated with CKD in the adjusted analysis were: age in years (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.04), DM2 (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.09 – 10.39), HTN plus DM2 (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.54 – 9.88), and uric acid from 5 to <7 mg/dL (PR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 – 3.19) and ≥7 mg/dL (PR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.32 – 8.11). Conclusions: Prevalence of CKD in the primary care setting population was high. CKD is more frequent in the early stages of the disease, and individuals with hypertension, DM2, older age and hyperuricemia have higher prevalence of CKD.

Objective: To evaluate associations between anxiety and severe impairment of quality of life (QoL) in Latin American postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women aged 40 to 59 from 11 Latin American countries. We evaluated anxiety (The Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scale), and QoL (Menopause Rating Scale [MRS]), and included sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables in the analysis. Poisson family generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs. There were two adjusted models: a statistical model that included variables associated with the outcomes in bivariate analyses, and an epidemiologic model that included potentially confounding variables from literature review. Results: Data from 3,503 women were included; 61.9% had anxiety (Goldberg). Severe QoL impairment (total MRS score >=17) was present in 13.7% of women, as well as severe symptoms (MRS subscales): urogenital (25.5%), psychological (18.5%), and somatic (4.5%). Anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment and severe symptoms in the epidemiological (MRS total score: PR 3.6, 95% CI, 2.6-5.0; somatic: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.1; psychological: 2.8, 95% CI, 2.2-3.6; and urogenital: 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and the statistical model (MRS total score: PR 3.5, 95% CI, 2.6-4.9; somatic: 5.0, 95% CI, 2.5-9.9; psychological: 2.9, 95% CI, 2.2-3.7; and urogenital: 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6). Conclusions: In this postmenopausal Latin American sample, anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment. Hence, screening for anxiety in this population is important.

Background Latin America is undergoing a human resource crisis in health care in terms of labor shortage, misdistribution and poor orientation to primary care. Workforce data are needed to inform the planning of long-term strategies to address this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the academic and motivational profile, as well as the professional expectations, of Latin American medical students. Results We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, multi-country study evaluating medical students from 11 Spanish-speaking countries in 2011–2012. Motivations to study medicine, migration intentions, intent to enter postgraduate programs, and perceptions regarding primary care were evaluated via a self-administered questionnaire. Outcomes were measured with pilot-tested questions and previously validated scales. A total of 11,072 valid surveys from 63 medical schools were gathered and analyzed. Conclusions This study describes the profile and expectations of the future workforce being trained in Latin America. The obtained information will be useful for governments and universities in planning strategies to improve their current state of affairs regarding human resources for health care professions.