Desde a abertura dos primeiros cursos de farmácia no Brasil, a estrutura curricular sofreu inúmeras alterações com vistas à adequação do curso com as necessidades locais. Após a homologação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Farmácia de 2002, passou a ficar mais urgente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes pelos farmacêuticos, não apenas o acúmulo de conhecimento técnico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as variáveis envolvidas na organização e estruturação do Integrado de Fisiopatologia e Farmacologia III, uma disciplina central na formação dos farmacêuticos da Universidade de São Paulo, incluindo a investigação dos fatores que influenciam no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, bem como a aplicação de um método ativo de ensino-aprendizagem neste integrado e, por fim, realizar uma avaliação comparativa entre a opinião dos alunos com relação aos dois métodos. Observou-se resposta positiva estatisticamente significativa dos alunos em favor do método ativo contra o método tradicional em todos os aspectos avaliados, incluindo todos os aspectos relacionados ao plano disciplinar, assim como o impacto no desenvolvimento de competências e auto avaliação dos alunos. Estes resultados sustentam a necessidade de aplicação de métodos nos quais os alunos sejam o centro do processo educacional e tenham responsabilidade sobre sua própria aprendizagem, para assim formar profissionais generalistas, críticos e líderes. / Since the opening of the first pharmacy schools in Brazil, the curriculum has undergone numerous changes in order to keep up with local needs. After the approval of the National Curricular Guidelines for Pharmacy on 2002, it became more urgent for pharmacists to develop skills and attitudes, rather than only to accumulate technical knowledge. This work aimed to study the variables involved in organizing and structuring the Integrated Pathophysiology and Pharmacology III, a central discipline in the curriculum of pharmacy school at the University of São Paulo. Additionally it focused on investigate all factors that influences students\' learning process as well as applying an active learning in this integrated. And, finally, to compare students\' opinions regarding the two methods. We observed a statistically significant positive response of students in favor of the active method against the traditional one in all aspects evaluated, including all aspects of the disciplinary proceedings, impact on skills development and self-assessment of students. These results support the idea of implementation of methods in which students are the center of the educational process and are accountable for their own learning. This way we will be able to assist the development of pharmacists with clinical thinking and leadership skills.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 721133 bytes, checksum: 78624d11b367083f2d5c802c45f6abda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / This dissertation is the result of research developed at the Masters in Education, research line 2 - Training and Educational Professional Practice Professor, University of Oeste Paulista. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of Ethnomathematics, ways of teaching and learning mathematics in Youth and Adults Education, relating empirical knowledge (everyday) with school knowledge. It is descriptive research, with focus theoretical-critical of qualitative character and its design is characterized by an action research. In order to know the subjects and their cognitive styles in the pursuit of meaningful learning, a pilot interview had been done with twenty-three students registered in the second segment of Youth and Adults Education and five of this group attended the resolution of the situations-problem that was designed for data collecting. The results indicated that the mathematics school learning with meaning is possible, since the process of constructing knowledge in context occur, by taking as a starting point the students prior knowledge, the experiences acquired in different places of learning , respecting the socio-historical-cultural context of learners within an educational context ruled in dialogue and reflection. / Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, linha de pesquisa 2 Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar, na perspectiva da etnomatemática, formas de ensinar e aprender matemática na EJA, relacionando conhecimentos empíricos (do cotidiano) com conhecimentos escolares. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, com enfoque teórico-crítico de caráter qualitativo e o seu delineamento se caracteriza por uma pesquisa-ação. Com a finalidade de conhecer os sujeitos da pesquisa e seus estilos cognitivos na busca da aprendizagem significativa, houve uma entrevista-piloto com vinte e três alunos, matriculados no segundo segmento da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e desse grupo cinco participaram da resolução de situações-problema destinadas à coleta de dados. Os resultados indicaram que a aprendizagem escolar de matemática com significado é possível, desde que ocorra o processo de construção de conhecimento contextualizado, tomando-se como ponto de partida os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, adquiridos nas experiências vividas nos diferentes ambientes de aprendizagem (intra e extra-escolar), respeitando-se o contexto sócio-histórico-cultural dos aprendizes, dentro de um contexto educativo pautado no diálogo e na reflexão.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 721133 bytes, checksum: 78624d11b367083f2d5c802c45f6abda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / This dissertation is the result of research developed at the Masters in Education, research line 2 - Training and Educational Professional Practice Professor, University of Oeste Paulista. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of Ethnomathematics, ways of teaching and learning mathematics in Youth and Adults Education, relating empirical knowledge (everyday) with school knowledge. It is descriptive research, with focus theoretical-critical of qualitative character and its design is characterized by an action research. In order to know the subjects and their cognitive styles in the pursuit of meaningful learning, a pilot interview had been done with twenty-three students registered in the second segment of Youth and Adults Education and five of this group attended the resolution of the situations-problem that was designed for data collecting. The results indicated that the mathematics school learning with meaning is possible, since the process of constructing knowledge in context occur, by taking as a starting point the students prior knowledge, the experiences acquired in different places of learning , respecting the socio-historical-cultural context of learners within an educational context ruled in dialogue and reflection. / Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, linha de pesquisa 2 Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar, na perspectiva da etnomatemática, formas de ensinar e aprender matemática na EJA, relacionando conhecimentos empíricos (do cotidiano) com conhecimentos escolares. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, com enfoque teórico-crítico de caráter qualitativo e o seu delineamento se caracteriza por uma pesquisa-ação. Com a finalidade de conhecer os sujeitos da pesquisa e seus estilos cognitivos na busca da aprendizagem significativa, houve uma entrevista-piloto com vinte e três alunos, matriculados no segundo segmento da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e desse grupo cinco participaram da resolução de situações-problema destinadas à coleta de dados. Os resultados indicaram que a aprendizagem escolar de matemática com significado é possível, desde que ocorra o processo de construção de conhecimento contextualizado, tomando-se como ponto de partida os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, adquiridos nas experiências vividas nos diferentes ambientes de aprendizagem (intra e extra-escolar), respeitando-se o contexto sócio-histórico-cultural dos aprendizes, dentro de um contexto educativo pautado no diálogo e na reflexão.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / There is a critical need for faculty, a shortage of clinical sites, and an emphasis on quality and safety initiatives that drive increasing use of simulation in nursing education. Debriefing is an essential component of simulation, yet faculty are not consistently prepared to facilitate it such that meaningful learning, demonstrated through clinical reasoning, occurs from the experience. The purpose of this exploratory, quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test study was to discover the effect of the use of a simulation teaching strategy, Debriefing for Meaningful Learning (DML), on the development of clinical reasoning in nursing students. Clinical reasoning was measured in 238 participant students from a Midwestern university school of nursing taking an adult health course that uses simulation. Participants were assigned to either the experimental or control group where the DML was compared to customary debriefing using the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT) before and after the debriefing experience, and the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare©–Student Version (DASH©–SV) with four supplemental questions about the DML (DMLSQ) process, during the post-debriefing assessment. This research sought to understand if the DML debriefing strategy positively influenced the development of clinical reasoning skills in undergraduate nursing students, as compared to usual and customary debriefing. The data revealed that there was a statistical difference between total mean test scores measured by the HSRT. There was, additionally, statistical significance in the change in scores between pre-test and post-test for those who used the DML as compared to the control. There was also a difference in the student’s perception of the quality of the debriefing measured by the DASH©–SV with the DML rated statistically higher than usual debriefing. Finally, there was a significant correlation, demonstrated through regression analysis, between the change in HSRT scores and students’ perception of quality debriefing and the use of the DML. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge about simulation pedagogy, provides tools for use in debriefing, and informs faculty on best practices in debriefing.

No description available.

High school general music classes often primarily consist of lectures about the Western art canon, despite repeated calls for a popular music focus (Deal, 1984; Miceli, 1998; Snell, 2007; Thompson, 1979; Woody, 2007). It is argued that the latter approach can alleviate student apathy toward class content and boredom, provide more meaningful learning experiences for the students, and create a more positive experience for the teacher. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of students and teachers in both a traditional general music class and a popular music-focused general music class. In this qualitative comparative study, I studied two high school general music classes in Tennessee and investigated the experiences of the students and teachers with respect to subject matter, teaching techniques, and meaningful learning. My data sources were interviews with teachers and students, classroom observations, and classroom archival documents. I analyzed the data using interpretive coding guided by a constant comparative approach. Cross-case emergent themes involving meaningful learning included students' preference for music studied at the end of the semester and a high level of student-teacher interaction and engagement when studying popular styles of music. Regarding curricula and teaching methods, cross-case themes showed similar attitudes and frustrations for teachers and students in both classes. Within-case themes in the Music for Listeners class included an expressed student desire to learn popular music, student lack of understanding of the Western art canon, and student ability to connect class topics to outside of school activities. Within-case themes in the Development of Rock 'n' Roll class illustrated the importance of delivery style and technology in the general music classroom. I concluded that a combination of curriculum and teaching style produced differing experiences for the students and teachers. Based on the results of this study, suggestions for education profession include employing a genre of music that is meaningful to the students in their daily lives; engaging students in conversations about the music they enjoy; avoiding "busy work" and ensuring that assignments are relevant; and providing ample music listening opportunities.

No description available.

Yes / This paper investigates how to facilitate users’ exploration through data graphs for knowledge expansion. Our work focuses on knowledge utility – increasing users’ domain knowledge while exploring a data graph. We introduce a novel exploration support mechanism underpinned by the subsumption theory of meaningful learning, which postulates that new knowledge is grasped by starting from familiar concepts in the graph which serve as knowledge anchors from where links to new knowledge are made. A core algorithmic component for operationalising the subsumption theory for meaningful learning to generate exploration paths for knowledge expansion is the automatic identification of knowledge anchors in a data graph (KADG). We present several metrics for identifying KADG which are evaluated against familiar concepts in human cognitive structures. A subsumption algorithm that utilises KADG for generating exploration paths for knowledge expansion is presented, and applied in the context of a Semantic data browser in a music domain. The resultant exploration paths are evaluated in a task-driven experimental user study compared to free data graph exploration. The findings show that exploration paths, based on subsumption and using knowledge anchors, lead to significantly higher increase in the users’ conceptual knowledge and better usability than free exploration of data graphs. The work opens a new avenue in semantic data exploration which investigates the link between learning and knowledge exploration. This extends the value of exploration and enables broader applications of data graphs in systems where the end users are not experts in the specific domain.

Esta tese investigou as potencialidades pedagógicas que podem ser atribuídas ao mapeamento conceitual (Novak) para a visibilidade do protagonismo da aprendizagem significativa dos alunos (Ausubel). É resultado de pesquisa descritivo-explicativa do registro de relações da técnica de mapeamento, aprendizagem significativa e novas práticas de avaliação. Tais relações foram contempladas com a revisão de literatura (documentos da legislação educacional brasileira; banco de teses e dissertações; artigos publicados em periódicos; livros de formação docente e em eventos específicos sobre o tema). A opção metodológica adotada para entender a operacionalização da técnica de mapeamento provocou pesquisa na realidade escolar. A observação sistemática durante um ano letivo desta técnica no ensino de Geografia revelou uma cartografia da aprendizagem de alunos do Ensino Médio, importante e essencial para as reflexões docentes sobre mudanças inovadoras nas práticas avaliativas. A vivência docente exigiu investimento permanente em reflexões, sínteses, organização e planejamento das aulas. Desde a fase de uso da papelaria tradicional comum nas escolas públicas até o requinte de uso de computadores com o software CmapTools. As análises realizadas sobre os mapas criados em temas complexos contribuíram para fundamentar as questões didáticas do ensino de Geografia. Reafirmaram a importância do planejamento com ênfase em estratégias colaborativas e também digitais. Os resultados indicam caminhos possíveis para ampliar a visibilidade do protagonismo dos alunos e a função social do professor, na sua relação com práticas de avaliação importantes à aprendizagem significativa em Geografia. Limitações em relação ao uso da técnica possibilitaram refletir sobre sua visibilidade impostas, tanto pela ausência de formação docente sobre ela, como pelas condições de infraestrutura, de tempo e de desvalorização do trabalho docente nas instituições. Elas podem justificar a escassa produção sobre o tema. O planejamento do professor para elaboração dos mapas conceituais e a análise crítica devem ser fundamentados por teorias como a da aprendizagem significativa. Destaca-se a importância da pesquisa na prática docente, pressuposto essencial à fundamentação de transformações nas práticas avaliativas tanto da aprendizagem como do ensino. / This thesis investigated the pedagogical potentialities that can be attributed to the concept mapping (Novak) for the visibility of the protagonist of meaningful learning in the student (Ausubel). It is the result of descriptive-explanatory research of the related record of the mapping technique, meaningful learning, and new evaluation practices. These relationships were considered with the literature review (documents of the Brazilian educational legislation, theses and dissertations databases, articles published in periodicals, teacher training books and specific events on the subject). The methodological option adopted to understand the operationalization of the concept mapping technique provoked research in the school reality. Systematic observation during a school year of this technique in Geography Teaching revealed cartography of the learning of high school students, important and essential for teachers\' reflections on innovative changes in evaluation practices. The teaching experience required permanent investment in reflections, synthesis, organization and class planning. From the phase of using traditional stationery common in public schools to the refinement of using computers with CmapTools software. The analyses carried out on the maps created in complex subjects contributed to support the didactic questions of the teaching of Geography. They reaffirmed the importance of planning with an emphasis on collaborative and digital strategies. The results indicate possible ways to increase the visibility of the protagonist of the students and the social function of the teacher in its relationship with important assessment practices to meaningful learning in Geography. Limitations in relation to the use of the technique made it possible to reflect on their visibility imposed, both by the absence of teacher training on it and by the conditions of infrastructure, time and evaluation of teaching work in institutions. They can justify the scarce production on the subject. The teacher\'s planning for concept mapping and critical analysis should be grounded by theories such as meaningful learning. It is important to highlight the importance of research in teaching practice, an essential presupposition for the foundation of transformations in the evaluation practices of both learning and teaching.

Orientador: José Augusto da Silva pontes Neto / Banca: Inês Amosso Dolci / Banca: Fátima Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin / Banca: Lúcia Helena Oliveira Silva / Banca: Raul Aragão Martins / Resumo: Esse estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisa Ensino, Aprendizagem Escolar e Desenvolvimento Humano e tem como pressuposto que as características dos conhecimentos prévios são determinantes para novas aprendizagens. Nessa perspectiva, tem por objetivo geral analisar os conteúdos substantivos de conhecimentos prévios apresentados por estudantes do Ensino Médio, na disciplina de História. Para tanto, investiga atributos desses conhecimentos que os alunos apresentam ao iniciarem o curso e descreve as variações das idéias dos estudantes ingressantes quando comparadas com aquelas dos concluintes do mesmo nível de ensino. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de diagrama aos moldes de mapa conceitual. A amostra constituiu-se de 73 diagramas elaborados por 143 estudantes matriculados em escolas públicas, sendo 37 diagramas de ingressantes e 36 diagramas de concluintes. A análise apoiou-se na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel e colaboradores e em estudos e reflexões sobre os conhecimentos históricos como básicos para a determinação da consciência histórica. Os resultados indicam "descobrimento do Brasil" como o mais importante tema de ensino de História do Brasil, segundo os participantes, e três conjuntos de narrativas que expressam suas idéias sobre o tema: quadro descritivo do achado de Cabral; encontro de culturas; início do processo de confronto, ocupação e exploração que estão na origem de desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. A leitura interpretativa dos diagramas apontou que estudantes ingressantes e concluintes apresentam idéias gerais incorporadoras assemelhadas, apenas com maior diferenciação conceitual ao final do Ensino Médio. Indicou também que os participantes da pesquisa, no seu contexto e condição de estudantes da educação básica, produzem significado e sentido ao construir narrativas sobre o tema. Os resultados ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study is inserts in the line of research Teaching, Learning School and Human Development and has the assumption that the characteristics of previous knowledge are determinant to new learning. In this perspective aims to analyze the general content for the substantive knowledge prior submitted by students from high school, in the discipline of history. For both, tried to identify attributes of the previous knowledge on the discipline of history those students presents when enter in the high school and describe the variations of previous ideas of the beginners students when compared with those of ending of this level of education. The search of data was done using the format diagram of conceptual map. The sample has been of 73 diagrams prepared by 143 students enrolled in public schools, and 37 diagrams of beginners and 36 diagrams of graduated students of high school. The analysis supported in the theory of meaningful learning of Ausubel and collaborators and in the researches and reflections on the historical knowledge of students as basic for the determination of historical conscience. The results show "Discovery of Brazil" as the most important issue of education of History of Brazil, according to participants, and three sets of narratives that express their ideas on the topic: descriptive framework of the finding of Cabral; meeting of cultures; start of the process of confrontation, occupation and exploitation that are the origin of economic development Brazil. The interpretative reading of diagrams indicated that beginners and graduated students have similar most general concepts, only with greater differentiation conceptual to the end of high school. It also states those participants of the research, in your context and condition of students of the basic education, produce meaning and direction to construct narratives on the theme... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor