O nível de saúde da população depende muito das condições socioambientais em que ela vive. Os ecossistemas degradados e a baixa cobertura do saneamento básico são fatores de risco importantes para o adoecimento, particularmente das crianças. A educação ambiental é condição fundamental para que a população atue como sujeito dos processos sociais na construção de valores, conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes e competências, voltados para a conservação do meio ambiente e implementação do saneamento básico, medidas essenciais à promoção da saúde e a sustentabilidade. Diante da urgência de se criar condições para que a educação em saúde e ambiental se efetive entre as crianças o mais cedo possível, foi realizada uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo contribuir para a educação continuada de professores do ensino fundamental de 5 escolas públicas do Município de São Paulo, habilitando-os para o ensino dos temas educação ambiental e saneamento básico. Utilizou-se para isso a abordagem qualitativa e o método pesquisa-ação, com diferentes técnicas de pesquisa e intervenção, entre as quais, foi oferecido aos professores um curso de educação à distância elaborado para atender as necessidades previamente detectadas por meio de grupos focais com esses educadores. No decorrer do curso, foi-lhes aplicado um questionário com o intuito de avaliar um Material Pedagógico sobre Saneamento Básico, previamente analisado por técnicos da área e ilustrado com trechos de redações e desenhos elaborados pelos alunos. Entrevistas coletivas associadas à observação participativa demonstraram que na finalização do curso esses profissionais passaram a ter uma postura diferenciada quanto ao entendimento da influência do meio ambiente e do saneamento básico na determinação do nível de saúde e qualidade de vida das pessoas. Atividades práticas propostas durante o curso estimularam os professores a produzir seus próprios materiais pedagógicos junto com os seus alunos. Isso contribuiu para o exercício da criatividade, autonomia e empoderamento em um processo contínuo de construção de conhecimentos, tanto de professores quanto dos alunos, favoreceu o desenvolvimento de habilidades, mobilização de emoções e afetos, fundamentais para o aprofundamento da atitude crítica. Concluindo, a educação ambiental apoiada em diferentes estratégias pedagógicas, mostrou-se fundamental na formação de professores e alunos para prepará-los para uma atuação política voltada para a transformação da realidade, a conservação do meio ambiente e a universalização do saneamento básico / The level of one populations health depends largely on the socio-environmental conditions in which the people live. Degraded ecosystems and the low basic sanitary coverage are major risk factors for the health deterioration, especially of children. Environmental education is a fundamental condition so that the population acts as a subject of the social processes in the construction of values, knowledge, abilities, attitudes and competences focused on the preservation of the environment and the implementation of basic sanitation, which are essential measures towards health and sustainability promotion. Before the urgency in creating conditions to actualize the health and environmental education for children as soon as possible, a research with the objective to contribute to the continuing education of elementary school teachers of five public schools of São Paulo was carried out, enabling them to the teaching of environmental education and basic sanitation themes. In order to accomplish that, the qualitative approach and the action-research method were used with different research and intervention techniques among which a Distance Education Course was offered to the teachers. The course was elaborated to address the teachers previously detected needs by means of focal groups with those educators. During the course a questionnaire with the objective to evaluate a Pedagogical Material about Basic Sanitation was applied. The material had been previously analyzed by expert field technicians and illustrated with excerpts of compositions and drawings elaborated by the pupils. Collective interviews associated with participative observation demonstrated that on completion of the course those professionals acquired a differentiated posture regarding the understanding of the influence of the environment and basic sanitation on determining the level of health and the quality of life of people. Practical activities proposed during the course stimulated the teachers to produce their own pedagogical material together with the students. That contributed to the exertion of creativity, autonomy and empowerment in a continuous process of construction of knowledge of both teachers and pupils. It also favored the development of abilities, the mobilization of emotions and affections which are fundamental for deepening the critical attitude. In conclusion, the environmental education supported by different pedagogical strategies showed to be essential in the formation of teachers and students so as to prepare them for a political actuation towards the transformation of reality, the preservation of environment and the making of basic sanitation universal

Esta dissertação discute as principais contribuições de Leontina Silva Busch como professora de Prática de Ensino do Curso de Formação Profissional de Professor na Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, no ano de 1936. O aspecto importante de seu programa de ensino foi a experiência de construção do Museu Didático, cuja característica principal era a de ser um museu composto por materiais didáticos confeccionados pelas próprias normalistas para serem utilizados nas aulas práticas. Para compreender de maneira mais eficaz as práticas dessa professora, foram realizadas investigações complementares em documentação relacionada à escola, no período de 1934 a 1939. Durante esse período, a professora ocupou o cargo de assistente da 1ª Seção de Educação. Neste trabalho, há uma breve retomada do histórico pessoal, acadêmico e profissional dessa professora, com o intuito de compreender os principais aspectos de sua trajetória e dar a conhecer o lugar de onde ela fala. Consta ainda desta dissertação uma apresentação detalhada do livro Organização de museus escolares, considerado como a produção intelectual mais densa de Leontina. O texto também apresenta as principais práticas efetivadas na Escola Primária anexa à Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, em colaboração com a 1ª Seção de Educação, da qual participaram ativamente a professora Leontina e suas alunas. Dentro do recorte temporal em estudo, destaca-se o ano de 1936, por ser considerado um dos momentos de maior projeção das práticas executadas pela professora nesse educandário, as quais eram justificadas pelas aulas de Prática de Ensino e pelo modo de organização das atividades pedagógicas do curso primário anexo à Escola Normal. Registros históricos indicam que, nesse período, ocorreu um envolvimento mais intenso das alunas mestras com as problemáticas do curso Primário e, principalmente, debates a respeito dos programas escolares, promovidos entre os professores da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo, pela Diretoria do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, visando à reorganização e à padronização do currículo das Escolas Normais. Tanto a professora Leontina quanto a Escola Normal Padre Anchieta tiveram papel fundamental neste processo, contribuindo para a configuração de um programa único para a Prática de Ensino, em 1938. / This thesis discuss the main contributions from Leontina Silva Busch, as a teacher at Escola Normal Padre Anchieta for Teaching Practice for the Professional Teacher Formation Course, in the year of 1936. The important aspect of her teaching program was the experience of building the Museu Didatico, which main aspect was to be a museum compound by didactic materials, made by the normalists themselves to be used in the practical classes. In order to understand better this teacher\'s practices, extra investigations were made in school related documents, in the period of 1934 to 1939. During this period, the teacher held the position of assistant on the 1st. Seção da Educação. In this work, appears a brief retake of her personnal, academic and professional historic, aiming to understand the main aspects of her path and to make known the place where she speaks from. This essay also shows a detailed introduction of her book Organização de Museus escolares, considered as her most intelectual production. The text also shows the main practices used at Escola Primária aside to Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, colaborating with the 1st Seção da Educação, which took part actively the professor Leontina and her students. During the time analysed, the year of 1936 is high-lighted, for been considered one of the moments of bigger projection for the practices applied in this school, which were justified by the Pratica de Ensino classes and for the way was organized the pedagogical activities of the primary course aside to Escola Normal. Historic records indicate this period shows a more intense engagement of the master students with the problematics of primary course and, specially, by the discussion on the school programs, promoted among the teachers of the public system in São Paulo State, by Departamento de Educação de São Paulo, aiming the reorganizing and standardization of the curriculum of the Normal Schools. Both, professor Leontina and Escola Normal Padre Anchieta had a very important role in this process, contributing to a configuration of a unique program for Pratica de Ensino in 1938.

O nível de saúde da população depende muito das condições socioambientais em que ela vive. Os ecossistemas degradados e a baixa cobertura do saneamento básico são fatores de risco importantes para o adoecimento, particularmente das crianças. A educação ambiental é condição fundamental para que a população atue como sujeito dos processos sociais na construção de valores, conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes e competências, voltados para a conservação do meio ambiente e implementação do saneamento básico, medidas essenciais à promoção da saúde e a sustentabilidade. Diante da urgência de se criar condições para que a educação em saúde e ambiental se efetive entre as crianças o mais cedo possível, foi realizada uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo contribuir para a educação continuada de professores do ensino fundamental de 5 escolas públicas do Município de São Paulo, habilitando-os para o ensino dos temas educação ambiental e saneamento básico. Utilizou-se para isso a abordagem qualitativa e o método pesquisa-ação, com diferentes técnicas de pesquisa e intervenção, entre as quais, foi oferecido aos professores um curso de educação à distância elaborado para atender as necessidades previamente detectadas por meio de grupos focais com esses educadores. No decorrer do curso, foi-lhes aplicado um questionário com o intuito de avaliar um Material Pedagógico sobre Saneamento Básico, previamente analisado por técnicos da área e ilustrado com trechos de redações e desenhos elaborados pelos alunos. Entrevistas coletivas associadas à observação participativa demonstraram que na finalização do curso esses profissionais passaram a ter uma postura diferenciada quanto ao entendimento da influência do meio ambiente e do saneamento básico na determinação do nível de saúde e qualidade de vida das pessoas. Atividades práticas propostas durante o curso estimularam os professores a produzir seus próprios materiais pedagógicos junto com os seus alunos. Isso contribuiu para o exercício da criatividade, autonomia e empoderamento em um processo contínuo de construção de conhecimentos, tanto de professores quanto dos alunos, favoreceu o desenvolvimento de habilidades, mobilização de emoções e afetos, fundamentais para o aprofundamento da atitude crítica. Concluindo, a educação ambiental apoiada em diferentes estratégias pedagógicas, mostrou-se fundamental na formação de professores e alunos para prepará-los para uma atuação política voltada para a transformação da realidade, a conservação do meio ambiente e a universalização do saneamento básico / The level of one populations health depends largely on the socio-environmental conditions in which the people live. Degraded ecosystems and the low basic sanitary coverage are major risk factors for the health deterioration, especially of children. Environmental education is a fundamental condition so that the population acts as a subject of the social processes in the construction of values, knowledge, abilities, attitudes and competences focused on the preservation of the environment and the implementation of basic sanitation, which are essential measures towards health and sustainability promotion. Before the urgency in creating conditions to actualize the health and environmental education for children as soon as possible, a research with the objective to contribute to the continuing education of elementary school teachers of five public schools of São Paulo was carried out, enabling them to the teaching of environmental education and basic sanitation themes. In order to accomplish that, the qualitative approach and the action-research method were used with different research and intervention techniques among which a Distance Education Course was offered to the teachers. The course was elaborated to address the teachers previously detected needs by means of focal groups with those educators. During the course a questionnaire with the objective to evaluate a Pedagogical Material about Basic Sanitation was applied. The material had been previously analyzed by expert field technicians and illustrated with excerpts of compositions and drawings elaborated by the pupils. Collective interviews associated with participative observation demonstrated that on completion of the course those professionals acquired a differentiated posture regarding the understanding of the influence of the environment and basic sanitation on determining the level of health and the quality of life of people. Practical activities proposed during the course stimulated the teachers to produce their own pedagogical material together with the students. That contributed to the exertion of creativity, autonomy and empowerment in a continuous process of construction of knowledge of both teachers and pupils. It also favored the development of abilities, the mobilization of emotions and affections which are fundamental for deepening the critical attitude. In conclusion, the environmental education supported by different pedagogical strategies showed to be essential in the formation of teachers and students so as to prepare them for a political actuation towards the transformation of reality, the preservation of environment and the making of basic sanitation universal

<p>The objective of this study is to investigate a new pedagogical material called 4DFrame, how it is experienced by informants and how suitable it is in education - in particular mathematics. Socioculturalperspective has a central role in this study when students are given opportunities for linguistic and social interaction during the experiment with the new pedagogical material. The methodology for this study has been visits, interviews, and observations. The study reveals that there are different views on the didactic potential for mathematics of the new teaching material, though no conclusions can be drawn regarding whether this material is more or less suitable in teaching since no research have been found that compares this with other pedagogical materials. Both national and international studies show the need to find alternative and better ways to make mathematic education meaningful. One way to change and improve mathematics teaching may be to demonstrate the possibilities of working with new educational materials.The study highlights potential usages informants disclosed to me. When asked to compare with other educational materials the informants listed in positive terms the materials creative imagination stimulating properties and durability. The informants also indicated that students' mathematical creativity was developed by the playful way of making designs based on drawings, and look for patterns in their designs and also having a playful way to calculate angles, calculate and estimate material consumption.</p><p>During class evaluation gatherings students also sent their observations and reflections to classmates which contributed to new ideas. The group work integrated various substances which helped the students and included mathematics, Swedish language, technology, visual and IT technologies in their lessons. Preschools received material with joy, curiosity, and excitement. The children began to play and role play when they were presented with the new teaching material.</p><p>The disadvantages of the informants said were that the material was expensive to buy, the boxes the material was stored in were too small and that there were no Swedish instructions. Some respondents also felt that it was difficult to keep track of all the small parts. The majority of the respondents, even those who also were critical, however, stated that the new teaching material is suitable to teach geometry.</p>

The objective of this study is to investigate a new pedagogical material called 4DFrame, how it is experienced by informants and how suitable it is in education - in particular mathematics. Socioculturalperspective has a central role in this study when students are given opportunities for linguistic and social interaction during the experiment with the new pedagogical material. The methodology for this study has been visits, interviews, and observations. The study reveals that there are different views on the didactic potential for mathematics of the new teaching material, though no conclusions can be drawn regarding whether this material is more or less suitable in teaching since no research have been found that compares this with other pedagogical materials. Both national and international studies show the need to find alternative and better ways to make mathematic education meaningful. One way to change and improve mathematics teaching may be to demonstrate the possibilities of working with new educational materials.The study highlights potential usages informants disclosed to me. When asked to compare with other educational materials the informants listed in positive terms the materials creative imagination stimulating properties and durability. The informants also indicated that students' mathematical creativity was developed by the playful way of making designs based on drawings, and look for patterns in their designs and also having a playful way to calculate angles, calculate and estimate material consumption. During class evaluation gatherings students also sent their observations and reflections to classmates which contributed to new ideas. The group work integrated various substances which helped the students and included mathematics, Swedish language, technology, visual and IT technologies in their lessons. Preschools received material with joy, curiosity, and excitement. The children began to play and role play when they were presented with the new teaching material. The disadvantages of the informants said were that the material was expensive to buy, the boxes the material was stored in were too small and that there were no Swedish instructions. Some respondents also felt that it was difficult to keep track of all the small parts. The majority of the respondents, even those who also were critical, however, stated that the new teaching material is suitable to teach geometry.

Esta dissertação discute as principais contribuições de Leontina Silva Busch como professora de Prática de Ensino do Curso de Formação Profissional de Professor na Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, no ano de 1936. O aspecto importante de seu programa de ensino foi a experiência de construção do Museu Didático, cuja característica principal era a de ser um museu composto por materiais didáticos confeccionados pelas próprias normalistas para serem utilizados nas aulas práticas. Para compreender de maneira mais eficaz as práticas dessa professora, foram realizadas investigações complementares em documentação relacionada à escola, no período de 1934 a 1939. Durante esse período, a professora ocupou o cargo de assistente da 1ª Seção de Educação. Neste trabalho, há uma breve retomada do histórico pessoal, acadêmico e profissional dessa professora, com o intuito de compreender os principais aspectos de sua trajetória e dar a conhecer o lugar de onde ela fala. Consta ainda desta dissertação uma apresentação detalhada do livro Organização de museus escolares, considerado como a produção intelectual mais densa de Leontina. O texto também apresenta as principais práticas efetivadas na Escola Primária anexa à Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, em colaboração com a 1ª Seção de Educação, da qual participaram ativamente a professora Leontina e suas alunas. Dentro do recorte temporal em estudo, destaca-se o ano de 1936, por ser considerado um dos momentos de maior projeção das práticas executadas pela professora nesse educandário, as quais eram justificadas pelas aulas de Prática de Ensino e pelo modo de organização das atividades pedagógicas do curso primário anexo à Escola Normal. Registros históricos indicam que, nesse período, ocorreu um envolvimento mais intenso das alunas mestras com as problemáticas do curso Primário e, principalmente, debates a respeito dos programas escolares, promovidos entre os professores da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo, pela Diretoria do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, visando à reorganização e à padronização do currículo das Escolas Normais. Tanto a professora Leontina quanto a Escola Normal Padre Anchieta tiveram papel fundamental neste processo, contribuindo para a configuração de um programa único para a Prática de Ensino, em 1938. / This thesis discuss the main contributions from Leontina Silva Busch, as a teacher at Escola Normal Padre Anchieta for Teaching Practice for the Professional Teacher Formation Course, in the year of 1936. The important aspect of her teaching program was the experience of building the Museu Didatico, which main aspect was to be a museum compound by didactic materials, made by the normalists themselves to be used in the practical classes. In order to understand better this teacher\'s practices, extra investigations were made in school related documents, in the period of 1934 to 1939. During this period, the teacher held the position of assistant on the 1st. Seção da Educação. In this work, appears a brief retake of her personnal, academic and professional historic, aiming to understand the main aspects of her path and to make known the place where she speaks from. This essay also shows a detailed introduction of her book Organização de Museus escolares, considered as her most intelectual production. The text also shows the main practices used at Escola Primária aside to Escola Normal Padre Anchieta, colaborating with the 1st Seção da Educação, which took part actively the professor Leontina and her students. During the time analysed, the year of 1936 is high-lighted, for been considered one of the moments of bigger projection for the practices applied in this school, which were justified by the Pratica de Ensino classes and for the way was organized the pedagogical activities of the primary course aside to Escola Normal. Historic records indicate this period shows a more intense engagement of the master students with the problematics of primary course and, specially, by the discussion on the school programs, promoted among the teachers of the public system in São Paulo State, by Departamento de Educação de São Paulo, aiming the reorganizing and standardization of the curriculum of the Normal Schools. Both, professor Leontina and Escola Normal Padre Anchieta had a very important role in this process, contributing to a configuration of a unique program for Pratica de Ensino in 1938.

[pt] A presente pesquisa objetivou levantar questões acerca da elaboração de materiais didáticos para a educação a distancia (EAD) na coordenação na Educação a distancia da Universidade Federal do estado do Rio de Janeiro (CEAD-UNIRIO). Uma tentativa de entender e refletir sobre minha própia prática na elaboração de materiais na instituição e, assim, melhor orientar os docentes convidados a atuarem na modalidade (Conteudistas, Coordenadores de Disciplina e Professores- Tutores), já que estes poderão elaborar conteúdos e até mesmo os própios materiais didáticos. para tanto, a presente dissertação aborda o planejamento do material didático enquanto objeto e enquanto conteúdo, sua construção, questões técnicas de produção e questões referentes ao uso do mesmo. Para a reflexão de tais questões, a pesquisa aborda também outros fatores que se imbricam e modificam de certa forma a elaboração do própio material didático. Assim, é contemplado o contexto no qual surge a necessidade do material, ou seja, é abordado o cenário da EAD. São levantadas questões que se referem aos atores envolvidos - docentes e discentes - já qye objetos são feitos por pessoas para pessoas. É visto o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem utilizado pela instituição, já que os materiais didáticos são planejados e produzidos para serem utilizados em um ambiente específico, sob alguns aspectos de uso. Com isso, a dissertação aborda a diferença entre materiais disáticos e ferramentas de aprendizagem, apontando a importancia do professor, do material didático e da necessidade de interatividade no processo de ensino-aprendizado do aluno de EAD. / [en] This research aimed at raising questions about the creation of pedagogical materials for distance education (DE) at the Coordination of Distance Education at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (CEAD-UNIRIO). It is an attempt to understand and reflect upon my own practice in the elaboration of these materials at the institution so that I coul better guide professors that are invited to work with DE (content designers, Discipline Coordinators and Tutor-Professors), as they will be able to elaborate contents and even their own materials. In order to do it, this dissertation approaches the planning of pedagogical materials both as objects and as content, their construction, technical questions related to their production and questions concerning their use. As to be able to reflect upon these questions, the research also approaches other factors that overlap and somehow modify the elaboration of their own pedagogical materials. Thus, it contemplates the DE context as it originates the necessity for the materials. It also raises questions taht concern the actors involved in the process - both professors and learns - as the objects are made by people and for people. In addition, it looks at the virtual environment used by the instituition, as the materials are planned and produced to be used in a specific enviromenment, under some aspects of use, Finally, the dissertation also approaches the difference between pedagogical materials and learning tools, highlightting the importance of the professor, of the pedagogical material and of the need for interaction in the teaching-learning process of DE learners.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a proposta de ensino e os usos do Caderno de Atividades Pedagógicas de Aprendizagem Autorregulada da disciplina História, produzidos e distribuídos pela Secretaria do Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ). O trabalho sustenta o argumento que o material analisado estabelece uma relação com diferentes campos que interagem com o cotidiano escolar. O primeiro, no campo das políticas públicas em educação e os seus desdobramentos no espaço escolar, discutidas aqui a partir das contribuições de Ball (1992) e Adrião (2012). O segundo, de interação com o Caderno, relaciona o ensino de História escolar, a prática do professor de História e a sua especificidade no tempo presente, a partir das posições assumidas por Monteiro (2010), Abreu e Rangel (2015) e Mattos (2007). E por último, a relação do Caderno com a prática docente a partir de diferentes perfis, com foco na dinâmica que envolve os seus usos no espaço escolar, utilizando os conceitos de apropriação, compromisso político e autonomia docente, respectivamente emprestados por Chartier (1996), Mello (2003) e Barroso (1996). Para mapear a impressões dos professores, adotou-se a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa com ênfase na aplicação de questionários para os profissionais que integram uma escola específica da SEEDUC-RJ, caracterizada por diferentes questões que atravessam o trabalho docente. / [en] The present dissertation aims to investigate the teaching proposal and the uses of the Self-Regulated Learning Pedagogical Activities in the History discipline, produced and distributed by the Rio de Janeiro State Department of Education (SEEDUC-RJ). The work supports the argument that the analyzed material establishes a relationship with different fields that interact with the school routine. The first, in the field of public policies in education and its consequences in the school space, discussed here from the contributions of Ball (1992) and Adrião (2012). The second, of interaction with the notebook, relates the teaching of school history, the practice of the history teacher and its specificity at the present time, based on the positions taken by Monteiro (2010), Abreu and Rangel (2005) and Mattos ( 2007). And finally, the relationship between the Notebook and teaching practice from different profiles, focusing on the dynamics that involve its uses in the school space, using the concepts of appropriation, political commitment and teaching autonomy, respectively borrowed by Chartier (1996) , Mello (2003) and Barroso (1996). To map teachers impressions, the qualitative research methodology was adopted with an emphasis on the application of questionnaires for professionals who are part of a specific school at SEEDUC-RJ, characterized by different issues that cross the teaching work.

The aim of this study is to investigate teachers’ opinions and experiences using analogue coursebooks in lower secondary school English teaching. The study was conducted using written interviews, interviewing 7 currently active teachers teaching English in the Swedish school system, with the participants’ answers being the material. Thematic Analysis was a method used to structure the results, and Sociocultural Theory was the theoretical perspective. The themes that were identified were: analogue coursebooks; digital coursebooks; more or less suitable activities for coursebook usage; the future of coursebook usage; and desirable qualities of a coursebook. The results of the study reveal that the participants have a positive outlook on using analogue coursebooks in the English classroom as a way of maintaining a certain level of difficulty and quality in the teaching, whilst also having something to fall back on as a source with varied content that can be used. There were no noticeable differences in the teachers’ opinion of what they could be used for but the extent to which they used them varied depending on their experience in the profession. Finally, the cost of coursebooks was mentioned as a key aspect in the process of selecting coursebooks, together with user-friendliness and flexibility.