This thesis investigates ‘the doing’ of the Swedish social insurance program Activity Compensation (AC). AC is an example of disability policies in Western welfare states. These policies have two goals: to ensure financial security and to promote social participation. In 2003 AC replaced Early Retirement Pension for persons aged 19 to 29 years and who, for medical reasons, have reduced work capacity. Three features characterize AC. Young adults are differentiated in a separate system. For them, benefits are time-limited. Benefits include an established right to participate in activities. Doing AC is studied bottom-up. Interviews with two actor groups have provided the empirical base: 1) persons accorded AC and medically certified to have an anxiety and/or a depression diagnosis and 2) the respective administrator(s) at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. National legislative preparatory texts and legal documents complete the data. The conclusions of this study are three-fold addressing goal displacement and non-contact. Firstly, a discursive change in respect to the denotation of social participation within the politics of principle has appeared throughout OECD countries over the last decennium. This goal displacement obscures the goal of economic security emphasizing the profitability of work. AC explicitly manifests this change in establishing a right to activity participation for beneficiaries. This displacement is without full impact in the politics of practice when actors’ experience of doing AC is examined. Financial security remains the foremost goal in the local politics of practice mirroring the initial function of safeguard for those with reduced work capacity due to certified illness. Relating to this lexical displacement, the study concludes that social participation is revealed as a goal to be realized in a specific form, salaried employment, within a distinct arena, the labor market. Values such as life-quality are neglected as regulatory efforts to get persons on the track to work have been underscored. Finally, the prescribed contact between the insured young adults and their administrator(s) is not consistently present. This contact is a necessary condition for the intended planning of activities to take place. When non-contact prevails, the established regulatory right to participate in activities can not materialize.

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o impacto na alteração do regime previdenciário de repartição para um modelo misto, através da criação do fundo complementar previdenciário para os novos servidores federais no Brasil. O estudo apresenta os diagnósticos e os conceitos e modelos de previdência adotados no Brasil e sintetiza as experiências de países latino-americanos que reformaram seus respectivos regimes previdenciários com a finalidade de reduzir o déficit com os inativos. No caso brasileiro, após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 foram editadas duas Emendas Constitucionais (a de nº 20 de 1998 e a de nº 41 de 2003) que possibilitaram a criação, em 2012, da entidade fechada de previdência complementar, para os novos servidores públicos federais, chamada FUNPRESP. O estudo conclui que com o surgimento deste fundo, será possível equalizar os valores dos benefícios pagos entre os regimes geral e próprio. Nesse sentido, o teto dos benefícios de aposentadorias pagos do regime próprio dos servidores federais estará indexado ao valor do teto do regime geral de previdência social. Assim, caso o servidor decida suplementar ganhos acima deste teto, para fins de aposentadoria, ele deverá aderir ao fundo e contribuir, sobre o salário participação, em uma conta individualizada. Desta forma, o governo buscou garantir equidade nos pagamentos de benefícios entre os regimes de previdência geral e próprio, além de tentar reduzir o déficit das contas públicas previdenciárias no longo prazo. / The objective of the present paper is to check the impact on changing from the actual social security of federal pensions to a mixed model, through a creation of a defined contribution pension plan for new federal public employees in Brazil. The study show off diagnostics and exhibit the concepts of pension models adopted in Brazil and brief international experiences of countries that have altered their social pension schemes in Latin America, with object to reduce government deficits of inactive. In the Brazilian case, after the Federal Constitution of 1988, Constitutional Amendments were enacted (nº 20 of 1998 and nº 41 of 2003) which enabled the creation, in 2012, of a complementary retirement plan for new federal public employees, called FUNPRESP. The study concludes than with the emergence of this fund, it will be possible to equalize the amounts of benefits paid between pension schemes. Thereby, the remuneration limit of the benefits paid to the actual system of federal employees pensions will be indexed to the remuneration limit of the general social security. Therefore, if the public employee decides complement gains above this compensation limit, for pension purposes, they should choose to contribute with a quota to an individualized pension plan. So, the government tried to ensure equity in benefit payments between the pension schemes, as well as tried to reduce the deficit of the social security public finances in the long term.

The target of my thesis is to assess, whether the pension system of the Czech Republic reflect the possibility of accelerated amortization of human capital and human resources, due to excessive mental and physical strain. First of all, we look at the possibility of amortization. While using statistical tests detect whether there is a difference between the professions that focus on physical work and jobs where are needed rather mental abilities. Thanks to the historical view of the development of the pension system in the Czech Republic, we find that sooner were these differences taken into account, but it is different today. The big problem is the ageing of population that causes the extension of the age limit for retirement, which is unfair due to the professions of accelerated amortization. Finally, I suggest several options how this situation could be resolved to the more equitable system.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 antonioamatheus.pdf.jpg: 10995 bytes, checksum: 1828cb26a193c4d38b615ab0609fe5e2 (MD5) antonioamatheus.pdf.txt: 106415 bytes, checksum: f825bdea8fa1b98bf0a8f186f3f7987b (MD5) antonioamatheus.pdf: 367370 bytes, checksum: f9a03b48130b6bab200082fdcec386e6 (MD5) 1_167577.pdf: 363707 bytes, checksum: baeea326cf89a1805b19cbefeee109b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26T00:00:00Z / The objective of this study is to analyze the growth of the share of pension funds assets in the GDP, looking for the group of variables that can better explain the observed trend from the beginning of nineties until 2006. This analysis will focus on three groups of variables: economic, social and demographic and structural. This relationship will be empirically demonstrated by the elasticity of the variables over the assets’ share on the GDP, estimated through a time series regression. The main idea is to provide estimators easily to interpret in order to support better policies that will leverage the pension funds coverage in the Brazilian labor-force market. This study differs from the others in three aspects. The first aspect refers to the period of data, a little longer than the others. The second aspect refers to interpolation of missing observations in series, which implies in a better predictive model once there is more data available. The third and last aspect refers to the analyzed group of variables that impact both, the demand and supply of pension funds. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o crescimento dos ativos dos fundos de pensão em relação ao PIB, identificando quais variáveis atuaram de forma mais relevante para o crescimento observado desde o início da década de noventa até o ano de 2006. A relação dessas variáveis com o crescimento dos ativos em relação ao PIB será demonstrada empiricamente através da estimação das elasticidades utilizando modelos regressivos de séries temporais. A idéia principal de se utilizar esta modelagem é o fato dela ser facilmente interpretada, podendo suportar mais claramente a elaboração de políticas que alavanquem o crescimento da cobertura dos fundos de pensão no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Este trabalho difere dos demais em três aspectos. O primeiro se refere à periodicidade dos dados analisados, sendo a deste trabalho um pouco mais longa que a dos demais. O segundo aspecto concentra-se na interpolação dos dados inexistentes das séries, cujo objetivo é aumentar o poder explicativo das séries com um maior número de observações. Por fim, o terceiro aspecto é o conjunto de variáveis escolhidas, uma vez que engloba tanto aquelas que atuam pelo lado da demanda quando da oferta de fundos de pensão.

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o impacto na alteração do regime previdenciário de repartição para um modelo misto, através da criação do fundo complementar previdenciário para os novos servidores federais no Brasil. O estudo apresenta os diagnósticos e os conceitos e modelos de previdência adotados no Brasil e sintetiza as experiências de países latino-americanos que reformaram seus respectivos regimes previdenciários com a finalidade de reduzir o déficit com os inativos. No caso brasileiro, após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 foram editadas duas Emendas Constitucionais (a de nº 20 de 1998 e a de nº 41 de 2003) que possibilitaram a criação, em 2012, da entidade fechada de previdência complementar, para os novos servidores públicos federais, chamada FUNPRESP. O estudo conclui que com o surgimento deste fundo, será possível equalizar os valores dos benefícios pagos entre os regimes geral e próprio. Nesse sentido, o teto dos benefícios de aposentadorias pagos do regime próprio dos servidores federais estará indexado ao valor do teto do regime geral de previdência social. Assim, caso o servidor decida suplementar ganhos acima deste teto, para fins de aposentadoria, ele deverá aderir ao fundo e contribuir, sobre o salário participação, em uma conta individualizada. Desta forma, o governo buscou garantir equidade nos pagamentos de benefícios entre os regimes de previdência geral e próprio, além de tentar reduzir o déficit das contas públicas previdenciárias no longo prazo. / The objective of the present paper is to check the impact on changing from the actual social security of federal pensions to a mixed model, through a creation of a defined contribution pension plan for new federal public employees in Brazil. The study show off diagnostics and exhibit the concepts of pension models adopted in Brazil and brief international experiences of countries that have altered their social pension schemes in Latin America, with object to reduce government deficits of inactive. In the Brazilian case, after the Federal Constitution of 1988, Constitutional Amendments were enacted (nº 20 of 1998 and nº 41 of 2003) which enabled the creation, in 2012, of a complementary retirement plan for new federal public employees, called FUNPRESP. The study concludes than with the emergence of this fund, it will be possible to equalize the amounts of benefits paid between pension schemes. Thereby, the remuneration limit of the benefits paid to the actual system of federal employees pensions will be indexed to the remuneration limit of the general social security. Therefore, if the public employee decides complement gains above this compensation limit, for pension purposes, they should choose to contribute with a quota to an individualized pension plan. So, the government tried to ensure equity in benefit payments between the pension schemes, as well as tried to reduce the deficit of the social security public finances in the long term.

The diploma work deals with an analysis of the contemporary income distribution system in the Czech Republic and a chosen country of the EU. In order to compare the social system of the Czech Republic with another one, as the representative of the EU Slovakia was chosen for both countries have the same roots in the social area and their developement after dividing the CSFR is not so different as it is in comparison with other countries of the EU. The aim of this diploma work is to make a rounded-off view of the social systems of both countries and their comparison. Nowadays, scarcely anybody doubts that necessity for regulations and reforms in the area income distribution system is bigger and bigger. So far the inhabitants have been appealed for not relying just for the pension paid by the state but for ensuring their retirement from their own funds, especially if they are economically active. Among these funds belong different forms of investments and savings, life insurance and pension insurance. These funds are believed to be the most suitable and accessible means of creation of financial reserves used in the retirement and this diploma work deals with them as well. The diploma work should clarify the problems and by means of a scheme of the system existing in the Czech Republic make easier appreciation of steps made in various life situations.

This dissertation studies the impact and consequences of possible retirement plan reforms on subjects in the Czech Republic. The first part focuses on classification of pension systems and fundamentals of the Czech pension system. Second part summarizes major aspects of the retirement plan reform. Changes in the pension system in the process of ageing of the population are highlighted in this section. Following is the fundamental part of the dissertation that will point out possible consequences of the retirement plan reform for the Czech Republic. The conclusion of the dissertation aims to discuss needs of all parties participating on the retirement plan reform and outline an optimal reform plan. This is the conflict point of the interest of the public and those of the government. However, it is a government's responsibily to act on behalf of the citizens and that is the paramount factor of the reform.

Reforming pensions is necessary, because the current demographic trends are mainly characterized by aging population. Significant demographic changes are going to lead to great implications for output growth. To maintain the financial stability of pension system, reforms are necessary. The first part of this thesis deal with changes in the present Czech population and the demographic forecasts for next fifty years. The second part is devoted to analyzing the setting of the pension system. The third part describes the upcoming reform which proposes to introduce a combined pension system. The last part of my thesis is devoted to the possible benefits, risks, and fiscal capacity of implementing the combined pension system.

Old age pension scheme system consists of two time periods of different lengths. During the first stage the insured persons contribute financially a certain part of their base of assess into the system. For purposes of this work we can call this sum a percentage of their income. On reaching a certain age the insured people can draw regular amounts of money, called old age pension. Insurance rate should be paid for a longer period of time and in smaller amounts. Old age pension should be, on the other hand, higher and be available for a shorter period. This works tries to find out which of these two sums (in total) is higher: insurance rate of pension.The value studied is the rate of return, which compares the money paid by the state with the insurance money. Actual employees' salaries reflecting the progression of the lifetime income were used in calculations. Concurrently, this work enables to understand the method of calculation of old age pension nominal value for the year 2011 and takes into account the changes within the so called small pension reform.

This master thesis is focused on the analysis of the impact from trends of different demographic aspects on the current pension system in the Czech republic and Norway. The old age pension system including its reforms is described and compared within both countries. Furthermore it is investigated how the citizens perceive the development of particular demographic aspects, what they think about the status and reforms regarding the pension system, and how they provide themselves for retirement. In addition to the comparison between the Czech and Norwegian pension systems the thesis also provides suggestions for improvement within demographic aspects, the settings of the pension system, the government and the society itself.