В данной работе с лингвистической точки зрения рассматривается современный церковнославянский текст, написанный в тридцатые годы двадцатого века: акафист святому Иоанну Кронштадтскому. Рассмотрение акафистов представляет особый интерес для исследователей церковнославянского языка, так как этот жанр является одним из ценных лингвистических источников, позволяющих восполнить малоизученность и недостаточное описание современного церковнославянского языка. Работа состоит из двух глав – теоретической и исследовательской. В первой главе приводится история возникновения, периодизация и проблемы изучения современного церковнославянского языка. Во второй главе проводится исследование грамматических форм, синтаксических конструкций, используемых в тексте акафиста, характеризуется и анализируется лексический состав акафиста, путем сопоставления употребления определенных словоформ в церковнославянском и русском языках делаются выводы об обоснованности перевода тех или иных конструкций на современный русский язык. На основании лингвистического анализа сделан перевод акафиста на современный русский язык. / Šiame darbe lingvistiniu aspektu analizuojamas dabartinės bažnytinės slavų kalbos tekstas, parašytas XX a. ketvirtame dešimtmetyje: Akafistas Šv. Ioanui iš Kronštadto. Akafistų tyrinėjimas labai svarbus mokslininkams, nes šis žanras yra vienas vertingiausių lingvistinių šaltinių, leidžiančių užpildyti spragas tyrinėjant mažai žinoma ir nepakankamai aprašyta dabartine bažnytine slavų kalba. Darbas susideda iš dviejų skyrių - teorinė dalis ir mokslinis tyrimas. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikiama bažnytinės slavų kalbos atsiradimo istorija, jos periodizacija, bei dabartinės bažnytinės slavų kalbos tyrinėjimo problemos. Antrame skyriuje tiriamos gramatinės formos, sintaksinės konstrukcijos, kurios naudojamos akafisto tekste. Charakterizuojama ir analizuojama akafisto leksinė sandara. Lyginant tam tikrų žodžių formas dabartinėje slavų kalboje, su rusų kalbos formomis, daromos išvados apie jų vertimo pagrįstumą į šiuolaikinę rusų kalbą. Remiantis padaryta lingvistine analize akfistas buvo padarytas teksto vertimas į dabartinę rusų kalbą. / This work examines the modern Church Slavonic text: The acathistus to Saint John of Kronshtadt, which was written in the thirtieths of the XX century, from the linguistic point of view. The researchers of the Church Slavonic language pay serious consideration for the examination of acathistus, because this genre is considerd to be one of the most valuable linguistic sources, which gives the possibility to fill in the gaps in the unsufficient knowledge of the modern Church Slavonic language. The work consists of two chapters: the theoretical and reseach ones. The first chapter presents the history of the origin, the division of the periods and the problems of the study of the modern Church Slovonic language. The second chapter presents the reseach of the grammar formes, syntactical constructions, which are examined in the text of the acathistus. The lingvistic structures of the acathistus are characterized and analised. The comparison of certain word forms used in the Church Slavonic and Russian languages makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the validity of the translation of some constructions into the modern Russian language. The translation of the acathistus into the modern Russian language is based on the linguistic analyses.

Denna uppsats handlar om visual merchandising online med fokus på företag som säljer sportkläder. Studien har genomförts ur ett konsumentperspektiv. Vår undersökning syftar till att studera produktsidor för sportkläder för att se hur konsumenter uppfattar den produktinformation, både visuell och verbal, som produktsidorna innehåller. Därigenom ska en kartläggning kunna göras av vilka element som är av vikt för respondenterna samt hur dessa bör utformas. Visual merchandising kan förklaras som den strategiska presentationen av ett företag och deras produkt, eller produkter, vars funktion är att attrahera kunder och underlätta inköpsprocessen. Således är visual merchandising online den visuella försäljningen i en onlinemiljö. Det finns utmaningar vid onlineshopping som tycks vara detta: att kommunicera sina produkter på ett rättvisande sätt som både lockar och ger rätt förväntningar. Man måste väga upp för det som går förlorat när köpet inte längre sker i en fysisk butiksmiljö, där en produkt upplevs både visuellt och taktilt. Forskning visar att en tydlig strategi för visual merchandising ge konkurrensfördelar och vara avgörande för att locka kunder. Som en förstudie analyserades sex olika produktsidor. Undersökningen genomfördes sedan genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tio respondenter. Under intervjuerna fick respondenterna besöka produktsidorna för att sedan kunna dela med sig av sina åsikter och iakttagelser. Intervjufrågor formulerades utifrån undersökningsmodellen som formulerats samt det teoretiska ramverket. Undersökningsmodellen skapades utifrån S-O-R-modellen för att kunna kartlägga respondenternas beteenden samt tydliggöra vilka faktorer som ligger till grund för deras respons. Resultaten av studien är en guide för utformningen av en produktsidas element; produktsidans helhet, produktbilder samt produktinformation. Sammanställningen av denna studie visar att en ren och avskalad produktsida föredras. Fokus ska ligga på den valda produkten för att inte sidan ska upplevas som rörig. Viktiga direkta signaler är pris, bild och produktbeskrivning. Dock kan det vara så att om intentionen verkligen är att genomföra ett köp kan annan information som exempelvis rör retur-, leverans- eller köpvillkor anses vara relevanta direkta signaler. För hela plagget är två bilder att föredra, en framifrån och en bakifrån. Bilderna bör vara av mycket god kvalitet och inte heller vara för mörka. Produktbilderna bör ha en sportigare framtoning för att ge konsumenter känslan att det faktiskt är ett sportplagg som presenteras. Konsumenter vill även ha möjlighet att se plaggets detaljer och sömmar. Detta kan göras genom zoom-funktion eller detaljbilder. Den verbala informationen är viktig för att beskriva materialets funktion och komposition då detta kan vara svårt att få en uppfattning om bara genom bilder av ett plagg.

This thesis will study the Italian literary phenomenon Gomorra, viaggi nell'impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della Camorra. First, the focus will be on the text's hybrid nature and implications and also on its literary and intellectual inspirations (such as Truman Capote, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Leonardo Sciascia). Secondly, we will take a closer look at the structure of the novel's narrative and its literary details, in order to reveal the different processes used by Roberto Saviano to convince the reader. Interwoven in this book's central plot, we will find a main obsession: the need to understand. Lastly, we will discuss the question of the great power treated in this novel, the one of a criminal organisation transformed by the revelations made throughout the story. These revelations will allow us to draw interesting comparisons between organized crime and merchant capitalism. For this part, we will refer to Guy Debord's La société du spectacle, and to Hannah Arendt's work on the question of totalitarianism. All of these elements will allow us to discuss the different perspectives within the narrative's framework, and more precisely, the figure of the narrator/author/character that gives Saviano's novel anthropological qualities, in the form of an ethnofiction (Augé). / Ce Mémoire cherchera a étudier le phénomène littéraire italien Gomorra, viaggio nell’impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della Camorra. Au fil de l’analyse il sera évoqué autant son caractère hybride et les implications que cela représente que les influences littéraires et intellectuelles, auquel un tel texte fait écho ( Truman Capote, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Leonardo Sciascia…). Par la suite nous nous attacherons aux structures narratives et aux particularités littéraires du roman, afin de faire ressortir les différents procédés utilisés par Roberto Saviano dans son intention de convaincre. Une obsession qui s’inscrit dans la dynamique centrale du livre, celle de comprendre. Enfin, il sera question de la grande force qui entoure ce roman, celle d’un crime organisé rendu différent de par les révélations faites au sein du roman. De cela nous tirerons une étude comparative entre le crime organisé et le capitalisme marchand, faisant appel autant à Guy Debord et son œuvre La société du spectacle, qu’à Hannah Arendt pour ses nombreux travaux entourant la problématique du totalitarisme. Tous ces éléments nous permettront de conclure sur la particularité des points de vue, notamment avec la figure du narrateur/auteur/personnage qui nous permettra de rapprocher le roman de Roberto Saviano au travail anthropologique, dans la dynamique d’une forme d’ethno- fiction (Augé)

Le but de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence, au-delà des spécificités propres à chaque poème, les caractéristiques communes aux emplois du discours direct dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise. À cet effet, un groupe de huit textes a été choisi, représentant au mieux la variété du corpus poétique subsistant, tant par leur sujet que par leur style ou leur rapport éventuel à une source connue : Beowulf, la Genèse A et B, Christ et Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana et Guthlac A. Il ne s'agit pas ici simplement d'étudier la forme prise par le discours direct, mais aussi ce que cette forme révèle sur la conception que les poètes se faisaient de la parole et de la place de sa représentation dans le récit.La première partie de la thèse cherche à déterminer si les caractéristiques traditionnellement reconnues au discours direct en poésie vieil-anglaise - un goût pour la solennité au détriment de la caractérisation des personnages et du progrès de l'action - sont fondées et si elles concernent également tous les poèmes du corpus.La seconde partie s'intéresse à la nature des voix représentées au discours direct : dans quelle mesure elles permettent d'exprimer une subjectivité (et quel type de subjectivité) et quel est leur statut par rapport à la voix du narrateur.Les résultats indiquent que dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise, le discours direct n'est pas conçu comme un objet fondamentalement distinct du récit, ou comme l'expression d'une voix et d'un point de vue autre au sein de la voix du narrateur. Le discours direct apparaît comme une modalité actualisée du récit, un procédé dramatique et didactique qui adopte le même vocabulaire et le même point de vue que le récit. / The aim of this work is to identify the shared characteristics of direct speech in Old English narrative poetry, beyond the specificities of each text. So as to best reflect the diversity of the extant poetic corpus (in terms of topic, style or source), eight texts were selected for this study: Beowulf, Genesis A and B, Christ and Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana and Guthlac A. The aim of this thesis is not only to examine the form of direct speech, but also what it reveals concerning how poets viewed speech and the place of its representation in narrative.The first section of the thesis tries to determine whether the characteristics traditionally attributed to direct speech in Old English poetry - a taste for formality to the detriment of characterization and the progress of action - are valid and whether they are equally represented in all poems.The second section is concerned with the nature of the voices represented through direct speech: to what extent they express a form of subjectivity (and what type of subjectivity) and what their status is, compared with the narrator's voice.Results show that, in Old English narrative poetry, direct speech is not conceived of as an object radically distinct from narrative, or as the expression of another voice and point of view within the narrative voice. Direct speech appears as an actualized form of narrative, a dramatic and didactic device, using the same vocabulary and the same point of view as the narrative.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1066120 bytes, checksum: e77fc2f6336fb6d85e4a1145cac9607b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims at presenting the results of our research on point of view and the creation of meanings in the novel Dangerous liaisons, by Choderlos de Laclos, and in two of its film adaptations: Dangerous liaisons 1960 (1959), by Roger Vadim, and Dangerous liaisons (1988), by Stephen Frears. Throughout the work, we try to carry out a comparative analysis between the source text and its two hypertexts, focusing on the question of narrative perspective and the meanings this category produces. We started with a discussion of film adaptation of literary works, so as to confirm that the question of fidelity has long been overcome, having been replaced by a rather more coherent and necessary debate that concerning the sociology of adaptation, that is, the context in which the adaptations are materialized. From this point we try to present a concept and a classification of point of view that enabled us to analyze the selected narratives. The constructed theoretical support was used in the investigation of both the novel by Laclos and the adaptations by Vadim and Frears. Our initial hypothesis is that point of view is the most responsible element, in each work, for the elaboration of different meanings of evil. Taking into account the considerable relevance of narratives in our everyday life, we understand the fundamental role of critical analysis of values conveyed by such stories, from which derives the significance of our research. We hope the research transcends the proposed analysis so as also to contribute with further critical readings of narratives that inhabit our everyday life. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da nossa pesquisa sobre o ponto de vista e a criação de sentidos no romance As ligações perigosas, de Choderlos de Laclos, e em duas de suas adaptações fílmicas: Ligações amorosas 1960 (1959), de Roger Vadim, e Ligações perigosas (1988), de Stephen Frears. Nele, tentamos realizar uma análise comparativa entre o hipotexto e seus dois hipertextos, tendo como foco de atenção a questão da perspectiva narrativa e os significados por ela criados. Nosso ponto de partida foi a discussão sobre a adaptação para o cinema de obras literárias, durante a qual procuramos confirmar que a questão da fidelidade de transposição está há muito superada e já foi substituída pelo debate mais coerente e necessário sobre a sociologia da adaptação ou seja, sobre o contexto em que são realizadas as adaptações. A partir daí, procuramos apresentar um conceito e uma classificação da categoria do ponto de vista que nos permitisse realizar a análise das obras narrativas em questão. A base teórica construída foi utilizada na análise do romance de Laclos e das obras de Vadim e de Frears. Partimos da hipótese de que o ponto de vista é o maior responsável pela elaboração, em cada obra, de sentidos diferentes de mal. Levando-se em consideração a importância considerável das narrativas em nossa vida cotidiana, entendemos como é fundamental a análise crítica dos valores transmitidos por essas histórias, de onde a relevância de nossa pesquisa. Esperamos com ela não apenas realizar as análises propostas, mas ainda oferecer uma contribuição para a leitura cada vez mais crítica das narrativas que fazem parte de nosso dia-a-dia.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-03-04T11:37:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rejane de Souza Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 1564158 bytes, checksum: d4cde772241ab8bc9319f126773e056e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-04T12:25:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rejane de Souza Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 1564158 bytes, checksum: d4cde772241ab8bc9319f126773e056e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T12:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Rejane de Souza Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 1564158 bytes, checksum: d4cde772241ab8bc9319f126773e056e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This doctoral dissertation has as its aim to analyse in three Irish novels (The Gathering, by Anne Enright, The Blackwater Lightship, by Colm Tóibín, and The Light of Evening, by Edna O‟Brien), how the female main protagonists of the novels perceive or understand their families, from the point of view through which their stories are narrated, as well as through the way they understand their own generation and those of their mothers and grandmothers. Through these perceptions the dissertation also tried to analyse the political and cultural transformation Ireland went through in the Twentieth Century. This period witnessed two great historical events for the country: its Independence in 1922, and its glorious years of economic development, which began around 1990, with the so called Celtic Tiger Years, and lasted until 2008. The analysis of the selected novels as the corpus of this dissertation according to their narrative points of view and the historical, political and cultural contexts in which they are set is also a way of analysing the contribution their authors gave to our own understanding of Ireland as a nation. / Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar, em três romances irlandeses (The Gathering, de Anne Enright, The Blackwater Lightship, de Colm Tóibín e The Light of Evening, de Edna O‟Brien), como as protagonistas das obras percebem ou entendem suas famílias, tanto a partir do ponto de vista através do qual suas histórias são narradas, quanto através do modo como compreendem suas próprias gerações e as gerações de suas mães e avós. Através dessas percepções, procurou-se analisar também as alterações políticas e culturais pelas quais a Irlanda passou, ao longo do século XX. Esse período marca dois grandes acontecimentos históricos para o país: sua independência, em 1922, e seus anos de glória e crescimento econômico, iniciados por volta de 1990, com o chamado Tigre Celta, e que durou até 2008. A análise dos romances selecionados como corpus desta tese, de acordo com seus pontos de vista narrativos e os contextos histórico, político e cultural em que eles estão inseridos é também uma forma de analisar a contribuição que seus autores deram para nosso próprio entendimento da Irlanda enquanto nação.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse traite les séquences nominales en français écrit employées seules en dehors des énoncés verbaux, munies cependant d’une référence au monde. Dans le but d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur de telles séquences nominales, traitées traditionnellement dans le cadre de la phrase, i.e. d’une relation prédicative entre deux termes, nous les appelons énoncés nominaux et adoptons la perspective de la grammaire japonaise qui n’est que partiellement influencée par la logique occidentale. Dans la théorie des Jutsu-tai/ Kan-tai (énoncés verbaux/ énoncés nominaux) de YAMADA Yoshio 山田孝雄 (1936), l’un des précurseurs de la grammaire japonaise, à laquelle nous recourons particulièrement, l’énonciation nominale s’explique, et ainsi s’oppose à l’énonciation verbale, par son mode d’embrayage particulier ; alors que la référence au monde des Jutsu-tai (énoncés verbaux) se définit au plan sémantico-syntaxique par la présence d’un verbe saturé et conjugué, les Kan-tai, les énoncés composés d’une séquence nominale qui n’a en soi aucune prédilection pour une fonction syntaxique spécifique, acquièrent leur énonçabilité en énonciation, par le mode même de l’énonciation. Ce mode, « Yobikake shij-suru yôtai (mode de désigner par appellation) » (YAMADA), que nous traduisons plutôt « désignation in situ », se caractérise par la mise en relation in situ entre l’énonciateur et l’entité désignée par la séquence nominale. Ce qui distingue l’énonciation nominale d’avec l’énonciation verbale qui n’est autre chose qu’une mise en relation prédicative entre deux termes du même niveau sémantico-syntaxique. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the noun phrases in written French outside of the context of verbal utterances, but nevertheless referring to the world. In order to illuminate such nominal phrases from a new angle, which have traditionally only been considered with respect to the sentence, i.e. to the predication between a subject and a predicate, this study calls them nominal utterances and adopts the perspective of Japanese grammar, which has not been influenced by the logic of Occidental grammar. In the definitions of Jutsu-tai and Kan-tai put forth by YAMADA Yoshio 山田孝雄 (1936), — verbal utterance and nominal utterance, respectively — a foundational text on Japanese grammar to which this study engages with, YAMADA defines nominal enunciations in contrast to verbal enunciations as a specific mode of anchoring. Whereas the reference to the world of Jutsu-tai (verbal utterances) is defined at the semantic-syntactic level by the presence of a conjugated verb with its arguments, (Kan-tai), utterances consisting of a noun phrase, which are not intended to assume a specific syntactic role per se, acquire the possibility of functioning as an utterance by the mode of enunciation itself. This mode, called « Yobikake shij-suru yôtai (mode of designation by naming) » (YAMADA), which this study translates as “designation in situ,” is characterised by establishing the relationship between the utterer and the referent of the noun phrase. This relationship distinguishes the nominal enunciation from the verbal enunciation by establishing the relationship between two arguments at semantic-syntactic level.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Henry James was one of the most renowned writers at the turn of the nineteenth into the twentieth century and is still known for his vast number of literary works and studies about the art of fiction. In his prefaces and critical essays, James discussed his own method of writing fiction, with a special focus on point of view and on issues related to the reception of his fictional work. In this sense, James also considered the importance of the role of the reader to the point of claiming in one of his prefaces: ―attentive reading, I avow, is what, at every point just like here, I completely invoke and hope for‖ (JAMES, 2009, p. 15). This dissertation discusses the construction of the fictional reader in two of James novels: The Portrait of a Lady (1886) and The Wings of the Dove (1902). Written twenty years apart from each other, these novels have meaningful similarities in their themes. The aim is to analyze how differences in the manipulation of point of view have implications to the rhetorical configuration of different readers in the two novels. In The Portrait of a Lady, James basically uses one single center of consciousness to narrate the story and constructs a reader that is gradually more participative and critical. In The Wings of the Dove, on the other hand, James opts for a more impersonal mode of presentation of the story, so the narrative is developed through several centers of consciousness. As a consequence, the configured reader is critical and inferential throughout the whole narrative because the gaps intentionally built by the writer have to be constantly filled. In short, our discussion shows that, along his career, Henry James projected readers that should be more and more critical. / Henry James é um dos escritores mais renomados da virada do século XIX para o século XX, conhecido por sua vasta produção literária e seus estudos sobre a arte da ficção. Em seus prefácios e ensaios de crítica literária, James discutiu o seu próprio método de escrita de ficção, com especial enfoque no foco narrativo, assim como questões relacionadas à recepção de sua obra ficcional. Assim, James também considerou a importância do papel do leitor: ―leitura atenta, confesso a propósito, é o que eu em cada ponto, como aqui, absolutamente invoco e espero‖ (JAMES, 1998, p. 19), exigia James em um de seus prefácios. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho discutimos a construção do leitor ficcional em dois de seus romances: The Portrait of a Lady (1886) e The Wings of the Dove (1902). Esses romances apresentam semelhanças temáticas significativas, apesar de terem sido escritos em um intervalo de quase vinte anos. Nosso objetivo é analisar como diferenças na elaboração do foco narrativo têm implicações para a configuração retórica de diferentes leitores. Em The Portrait of a Lady, James faz uso de basicamente um único centro de consciência para narrar a história e constrói um leitor gradualmente mais participativo e crítico. Já em The Wings of the Dove, James opta por um modo mais impessoal de apresentação da história, no qual a narrativa é desenvolvida por meio de diversos centros de consciência. Consequentemente, o leitor configurado é crítico e inferencial ao longo de toda a narrativa, pois é necessário que vazios intencionalmente deixados pelo escritor sejam preenchidos constantemente. Assim, nosso trabalho mostra que Henry James projetava leitores cada vez mais críticos na medida em que sua carreira avançava.

In his monograph on Sepedi/North Sotho, Groenewald (1993:19) describes Moses Josiah Madiba as one of the first authors of didactic or moral tales. He also points out that Madiba’s contribution includes other kinds of works, such as poetry and school readers. Groenewald (1993:19) emphasises Madiba’s pioneering role in the development of literature in Sepedi. Because he was one of the earliest writers in Sepedi, his influence on the development of this literature should not be underestimated. In this study, the focus is therefore on the writing of Madiba as an author, but only his novelette Tsiri (1953) is selected for specific analysis. In the analysis, the content and structure of the work are discussed in detail and they are interpreted against the historical background of Sepedi literature in order to highlight Madiba’s place in this literature. The descriptive model used in this study is an adaptation of the narratological model. It requires a comprehensive definition of the relevant concepts. In this case a distinction is made between the theme and topic as concepts. The elements of the content, namely the characters, the action, the milieu and historical time, are defined precisely. The novelette deals with the difficult life circumstances encountered by the protagonist, which result in his falling into a life of laziness. The relationship that develops between the various characters is highlighted in terms of the topic. The historical course of the facets of the action is described. The various time aspects are closely examined, after which the milieu is discussed. The entire discussion is situated in an historical framework in order to reveal the importance of Madiba in the history of this literature. The structure of the work is discussed in four sections. First, the theme of the story, the narrative strategy, the title and the pillars on which the structure rests are discussed. Second, characterization is explored, with particular emphasis on Tsiri and his father, Madubaduba, who respectively represent the negative and positive poles in the novelette. This includes a discussion of the various narrative techniques which are used to persuade the reader to accept Tsiri after he repents. Third, the milieu is described in as far as it supports the theme. It contributes to the rationale for the turning point in Tsiri’s life. The milieu is functionally incorporated by means of a multitude of techniques. Fourth, the study focuses on the action, which presents the events in terms of an exposition, the development, climax and dénouement. Once the author has indicated the conflict between the main characters, he uses a variety of narrative moments to increase tension. In particular, he uses changes of the point of view and focalisation extensively. As can be expected in the early works in any literature, there are some bothersome structural flaws, and in this case they are related specifically to the use of the different points of view, where there is no clear rationale for the presence of the author’s moralisation. Although this flaw is pointed out, this does not imply a negative critical analysis of the work. The fact remains that Madiba writes in a flowing narrative style and that his Sepedi language usage is impeccable, which makes him an important pioneer in the history of Sepedi literature. His pioneering work in the educational arena positions him as a champion of the Sepedi language. Further studies could evaluate his other novelettes and poems against this background. AFRIKAANS : In sy monografie oor die Sepedi/Noord Sotho letterkunde beskryf Groenewald (1993:19) Moses Josiah Madiba as een van die eerste skrywers van die didaktiese of morele verhaal. Hy wys ook daarop dat Madiba se bydrae ander werke insluit, byvoorbeeld gedigte en skoolleesboeke. Groenewald (1993:19) beklemtoon Madiba se baanbrekerswerk in die Sepedi letterkunde. Omdat hy een van die vroegste skrywers in Sepedi was, mag sy invloed op die ontwikkeling van hierdie letterkunde nie onderskat word nie. In hierdie studie word die ondersoek derhalwe op die skrywerskap van Madiba toegespits, maar slegs die novelle Tsiri (1953) word vir spesifieke ontleding uitgesonder. In die bespreking word die inhoud en die struktuur van die werk indringend beskryf en dit word teen die historiese agtergrond van die Sepedi letterkunde geïnterpreteer om sodoende Madiba se plek in hierdie letterkunde duidelik uit te lig. Die beskrywingsmodel wat in hierdie studie gebruik word, is ‘n aanpassing van die narratologiese model. Dit vereis ‘n volledige omskrywing van die begrippe wat ter sprake kom. In hierdie geval word daar tussen die tema en die onderwerp as begrippe onderskei. Ook die elemente waaruit die inhoud bestaan, naamlik die karakters, die handeling, die milieu en historiese tyd, word presies omskryf. Die novelle handel oor die hooffiguur se moeilike lewensomstandighede, wat daartoe bydra dat hy in luiheid verval. Die verhouding wat tussen die verskillende karakters ontwikkel, word ten opsigte van die onderwerp uitgelig. Die historiese verloop van die fasette van die handeling word beskryf. Die verskillende tydsaspekte word onder die loep geneem, waarna die milieu bespreek word. Die hele bespreking word binne ‘n historiese raamwerk geplaas sodat die betekenis van Madiba in die geskiedenis van hierdie letterkunde na vore kom. Die struktuur van die werk word in vier afdelings behandel. Eerstens word die tema, die vertelstrategie, die titel en pilare waarop die struktuur staan, bespreek. Tweedens word karaktertekening nagegaan; en hier val die kollig op Tsiri en sy vader Madubaduba, wat onderskeidelik die negatiewe en positiewe pole in die verhaal verteenwoordig. Dit sluit ‘n bespreking in van die verskillende verteltegnieke waardeur die leser oorgehaal word om Tsiri, na sy berou, te aanvaar. Derdens, word die milieu beskryf en wel in soverre dit die tema ondersteun. Dit dra daarom by dat die keerpunt in Tsiri se lewe gemotiveer word. Deur ‘n veelheid van tegnieke word die milieu funksioneel ingespan. Vierdens val die klem op die handeling wat onder vier hoofde aan die orde kom, te wete die eksposisie, die ontwikkeling, die klimaks en die ontknoping. Nadat die outeur die botsing tussen die hooffigure aangedui het, kom hy met ‘n verskeidenheid vertelgrepe vorendag om die spanning uit te bou. Daar word veral gebruik gemaak van gesigspuntwisseling en fokussering word ekstensief aangewend. Soos te wagte in enige vroeë werk in ‘n letterkunde, kom daar hinderlike struktuurfoute voor, en in dié geval lê dit juis by die aanwending van die gesigspunttegnieke, waar die teenwoordigheid van die outeur se moralisering nie duidelik gemotiveer word nie. Hoewel die gebrek uitgewys word, lei dit nie na ‘n kritiese ontleding van die werk nie. Die saak is dat Madiba ‘n vloeiende vertelmanier het en dat sy taal in onbesproke Sepedi is, wat hom in die geskiedenis van die Sepedi letterkunde ‘n belangrike baanbreker maak. Sy pionierswerk op die gebied van die onderwys plaas hom as taalstryder voorop. In verdere studies sou sy ander novelles en gedigte teen hierdie agtergrond beoordeel kan word. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / African Languages / unrestricted

This thesis deals with the liquidation of business corporations in the Czech Republic. The whole course of the liquidation from voluntary decision itself to deletion from the Commercial Register is considered from the financial, tax and legal perspective. There are descripted the duties and rights of the liquidator and the possibility of transition from liquidation in insolvency proceedings. The findings are in the practical part demonstrated on concrete examples selected from the Commercial Register.