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<p>Intensity-Modulated Radiation Treatment (IMRT) requires patient-specific quality assurance measurements, which can benefit from the convenience of using an Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) for dose verification. However, EPIDs have limitations stemming from the non-uniform backscatter due to the support-arm as well as from scatter, glare, and an increased sensitivity to low-energy photons. None of these effects is typically accounted for in a treatment planning system (TPS) model, resulting in errors in calculated EPID response of up to 6%. This work addresses the non-uniform backscatter by directly incorporating a support-arm backscatter region into the TPS geometry. The shape of the backscatter region is adjusted iteratively until the TPS-calculated flood-field planar dose matches the flood-field EPID image The scatter, glare and increased low-energy response are addressed by using a radially-dependent Point-Spread Function (Kernel). The kernel is fitted using a least-squares method so that it best reproduces the EPID-acquired image for a checkerboard field. The backscatter-correction method is implemented for a Varian Clinac equipped with a 40 cm x 30 cm (512 x 384 pixel) EPID and a Pinnacle³ TPS and tested for several rectangular and IMRT fields. The scatter, glare and energy-response correction kernel is implemented and tested for a simulated checkerboard field and a simulated IMRT field. Agreement between the EPID-measured image and TPS-calculated planar dose map is seen to improve from 6% to 2% when the backscatter region is added to the Pinnacle³ model. Agreement between the simulated EPID images and simulated TPS images is improved from 14% to approx. 1% when the radially-dependent kernel is used. Simultaneous application of both the backscatter region and Point-Spread Function is a promising direction for future investigations.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

The Papyrus Portal is a project that aims to provide the user with an efficient and effective search of all digitized and electronically catalogued papyrus collections in Germany, and a unified presentation of the search results with the most important information on the particular papyrus. This includes links to the local home databases which have more details on each piece. The Papyrus Portal unites the different information technologies of the original databases and presents the search results in a standard format. A conventiontional format for the recording of the metadata has been established.

Despite the complexity of the video game, interest is growing by leaps and bounds due to its increasing relevance in entertainment history, but understanding of the medium is still up in the air. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the knowledge and skill acquisition of people with little or no gaming experience (non-gamers) about the digital 3D puzzle game Portal within the framework of the Hermeneutic Spiral. Using qualitative interviews, supported by gameplay recordings and think-aloud protocols, eight non-gamers aged 21-69 reveal seven categories that determine the complexity of video game understanding and skill acquisition. Results show that skill acquisition is highly individual and depends on previous gaming experiences in terms of game literacy, the language understanding of games. As they form the basis, general expectations determine the next gaming experience which adds to the catalogue of video game understanding and influence the process of skill acquisition. / Trotz der Komplexität des Videospiels wächst das Interesse aufgrund seiner zunehmenden Relevanz in der Unterhaltungsgeschichte sprunghaft an, das Verständnis für das Medium ist jedoch noch nicht gefestigt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es daher, im Rahmen der Hermeneutischen Spirale das Wissen und den Kompetenzerwerb von Menschen mit wenig oder keiner Spielerfahrung (Nicht-Spieler) über das digitale 3D-Puzzlespiel Portal zu untersuchen. Mittels qualitativer Interviews, unterstützt durch Gameplay-Aufnahmen und Think-Aloud-Protokolle, decken acht Nicht-Spieler im Alter von 21-69 Jahren sieben Kategorien auf, die die Komplexität des Videospielverständnisses und des Kompetenzerwerbs bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Kompetenzerwerb sehr individuell ist und von früheren Spielerfahrungen im Sinne von Game Literacy, dem Sprachverständnis von Spielen, abhängt. Die allgemeine Erwartungshaltung bildet die Grundlage für das nächste Spielerlebnis, das den Katalog des Videospielverständnisses ergänzt und den Prozess des Kompetenzerwerbs beeinflusst.

The following thesis is based on my work at Lockheed Martin Corporation for the past year and a half. Though the initial chapters attempt to briefly address the theory behind Knowledge Management (KM), the main goal is to explore the practical application of KM within Lockheed Martin. The work strongly focuses on two platforms, the SAP Enterprise Portal and Microsoft SharePoint Portal, as KM within Lockheed Marten is centered on these technologies. The course of the writing takes a brief look at KM theory, delves into the technologies used in KM, and then moves into the practical implementation of KM. It concludes with two case studies on projects that I have led during my employment with the company.

Nach einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Vorgeschichte des Fachinformationsdienstes Buch-, Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (FID BBI) sowie einer Skizze zum Stand der Fachinformationsdienste im Allgemeinen bietet der vorliegende Bericht aus der Werkstatt des FID BBI vor allem Aussagen zu den Erwerbungskriterien des Dienstes und Informationen zu dem kürzlich freigeschalteten Portal. Die Angaben sollen dem Austausch mit der bibliothekarischen und fachlichen Community dienen und schließen daher auch offene Fragen und noch unerreichte Meilensteine ein.

Volvo GTO is one of the strongest brands in the truck industry, with a long and proud history of world-leading innovations. The factory in Skövde produces diesel engines of various sizes to Volvo GTO. The project has been carried out on the processing part of grovdel crankshaft. Where the objective was to construct a simulation model that reflects flows 0, 1 and 2 on the crankshaft grovdel order to produce the best driving style for the size of the batches and sequences, focusing on PIA, between the stock and conversion-up times. A theoretical study intervention gave knowledge to the methodology to ensure that the data is collected and processed correctly. The data were collected in an Excel document, which was integrated with the simulation model for an overview and adjustments would be possible. The simulation program, Siemens Plant Simulation 12 used in the construction of the complex model of the three flows, which where verified and validated against the real flows. Optimization on the simulation model was made with a high and a low demand for crankshafts. Several objects were taken into consideration as: minimal waiting processing Findel, minimal setup time and minimal total-PIA from a truly viable perspective. The optimization showed a possible production planning in order to best be able to run such large batches as possible with reduced readjustment time and for delays of production in processing rawflows to not occur in the refined flow. For maximum capacity in the company there are two different optimal solutions one solution focused on reducing setup time and the second solution to minimize the number of additional production hours per week. Discrete simulation of production flows are being used to support production planning and simulation model is created for the continued use of the Volvo GTO, either in simulation group or future researches and theses in collaboration with the University of Skövde. The project objectives were achieved with good results and resulted as a standing basis for future planning of batches and sequences of processing crankshaft Volvo GTO.

[pt] Esta pesquisa é um convite a um caminhar partilhado tendo como roteiro á obra de Thomas Ogden. Ao longo deste percurso, travaremos diálogo com Psicanálise através de Bion e Winnicott, e com a literatura através de Frost e Borges. Com Bion, podemos dizer que a experiência de leitura instrumentaliza o aparelho de pensar com novas formas que são o resultado da interseção entre as formas de pensar do autor e as do leitor. a partir de Winnnicott, concebemos que o contato profundo com o outro, no caso desta pesquisa representado pela experiência de uma obra literária, vai ao encontro imediato do verdadeiro Self. Passeando pela biblioteca de Borges, observamos a maneira comoa língua trabalha na cosntrução de verdades subjetivas exemplificadas em suas ficções, que abrem portais imaginários ao leitor para uma experiência verdadeira. Em Frost, sublinhamos algumas expressões - como Sobressons, sons vivos do discurso, o som do sentido, pescando palavras - que contribuem para importante ideia da voz do outro que nos constitue. Compreendedno o corpo como Locus da experiência e a voz como contorno psíquico, experienciamos devaneios poéticos que apontam para a ideia de que a verdade é sempre uma construção que tem como referência as experiências do criador e do observador, no caso da literatura, o escritor e o leitor. / [en] This reaserch is an invitation to a shared walk through the work of Thomas Ogden. Along this course, we will engage in a dialogue with Psychoanalysis through Bion and Winnicott, and with Literature through Forst and Borges. Following Bion, we may say that the experience of reading instrumentalizes the apparatus for thinking with new forms wich are the result of the intersection between the ways of thinking of the author and the reader. Following Winnicott, we conceive that the deep contact with the other, wich, in the case of this research, represents the experience of reading a literary work, leads immediately towards the true self. Strolling through the Library of Borges, we observe the way language works in building subjective truths, wich, exemplified in his fictions, open to the reader imaginary portls towards a true experience. In forst, we underline certain expressions - such as oversounds, sounds of living speech, the sound fo sense, fecthing words - wich contribute to the important conception of the voice of the other that constitute us. Understanding the body as the locus of the experience poetic reveries wich point to the idea that truth is always construct , referenced in the experience of the creator and the observer or, in the case of literature, the reader and the writer.

Diversos indicadores bibliométricos têm sido empregados na avaliação de desempenho de pesquisadores, universidades e países. Indicadores de impacto, calculados a partir das citações recebidas pelos artigos, têm sido objeto de muitos estudos constantes da pesquisa documentária. Dessa maneira, almeja-se apontar possíveis formas de adequação da análise do impacto de revistas brasileiras com vistas ao aprimoramento dos critérios de avaliação de produção científica no Brasil. Objetivos. A pesquisa foi conduzida de acordo com três objetivos: (1) Verificar se o uso exclusivo de indicadores internacionais deixa a política científica brasileira fora do contexto de sua realidade local, e se o acesso às revistas indexadas nas bases do ISI (Thomson Scientific) tem se justificado pelo uso ? o acesso gratuito aos textos completos é oferecido à comunidade científica pela Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). (2) Investigar se a base SciELO pode oferecer indicadores de impacto da produção científica brasileira com vistas ao aprimoramento da avaliação científica nacional. (3) Buscar propor metodologias de indicadores mais adequadas à realidade da ciência brasileira. Metodologia. Foi conduzido um estudo exploratório quantitativo, baseados em características qualitativas e quantitativas de revistas científicas provenientes de três fontes: revistas classificadas pela Avaliação Qualis (triênio 2001/2003), revistas do Portal de Periódicos da Capes e revistas indexadas na base SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library). Uma comparação do impacto nacional e internacional de um conjunto de revistas brasileiras indexadas na base SciELO foi realizada a partir das citações recebidas pelas revistas em cada contexto (base SciELO e as bases do ISI). Uma metodologia de análise de revistas foi apresentada aplicando-se técnicas de análise estatística multivariada a um conjunto de 42 indicadores. Resultados. A análise da Avaliação Qualis mostrou que os critérios definidos favorecem principalmente a publicação em revistas internacionais e fazem uso do Fator de Impacto do ISI. O Impacto Pós-Portal, como foi denominado, indicou um efeito positivo, notado pelo aumento da média de citações recebidas na SciELO, por aproximadamente 70% das revistas da amostra (Ciências da Vida), após o ano de publicação no Portal. A comparação do impacto nacional versus internacional das revistas SciELO mostrou que revistas indexadas também no ISI são citadas com mais freqüência naquela base, além de receberem aproximadamente 72% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e terem os artigos em colaboração (nacional e internacional) mais citados que aqueles em autoria única. Em relação às revistas publicadas somente na SciELO, verificou-se que são citadas em quantidades similares naquela base e nas bases do ISI, recebem 68% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e têm seus artigos de autoria única mais citados, seguidos daqueles em colaboração nacional. A análise multivariada dos indicadores das revistas SciELO permitiu a identificação de diferentes grupos de revistas, discriminados de acordo com as diferentes práticas de comunicação científica. Conclusões. A adequação dos critérios utilizados na avaliação da produção científica nacional pode ser conseguida considerando-se indicadores de impacto mensurados a partir de citações provenientes das revistas nacionais, definindo critérios que valorizem a publicação em revistas nacionais de qualidade reconhecida, o que permitirá a publicação de trabalhos importantes na língua portuguesa, e estimulará o processo de melhoria de qualidade das revistas nacionais. / Many bibliometric indicators have been used to evaluate the scientific performance of researchers, universities and countries. Impact indicators, measured from citations to articles, have been addressed in many studies in the literature. The present study aimed to put forward possible forms of analysis adequacy to Brazilian scientific journals, to improve the scientific production evaluation criteria in the Brazilian framework. Objectives. The research was conducted in agreement with three objectives: (1) To verify if the exclusive use of international indicators leaves the Brazilian scientific policy out of context of its local reality, and if the ISI (Thomson Scientific) indexed journals usage has been justified ? the access of which in full article texts has been offered gratuitous to the scientific community by Capes (Coordination for the Improvement of High Education Personnel). (2) To investigate if SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library)-indexed Brazilian scientific production could provide impact indicators to appropriately contribute to the national science evaluation. (3) To find more indicators and new methodologies for science assessment in the context of the Brazilian science reality. Methodology. An exploratory quantitative study was conducted, based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of scientific journals from three sources: journals classified by Qualis Assessment (years 2001/2002/2003), journals of the ?Portal de Periódicos da Capes? and SciELO journals. A comparison between the national and international impact of a set of Brazilian SciELO journals was conducted based on citations received from journals in each database (SciELO and ISI). A methodology of journal analysis was presented applying the multivariate statistical analysis technique to a set of 42 indicators. Results. The analysis of Qualis Assessment showed that the defined criteria favor mainly the publications in international journals by using ISI Impact Factor. The comparison of the annual average of citations received in SciELO by a sample of journals, before and after the availability in it, showed a positive effect, noticed by an increase to 70% of the journals (Life Sciences). The comparison of the national impact versus international impact of SciELO journals showed that those indexed also on ISI are cited more frequently; in the whole sample, SciELO journals received approximately 72% of ISI?s citations from international authors; had the articles in collaboration (national and international) cited more often than those with single authorship. It was noticed that journals indexed only in SciELO, are cited in similar numbers in both databases; received 68% of ISI?s citations from international authors and have articles with single authorship cited more frequently, followed by those with national collaboration. The multivariate analysis of SciELO journals indicators allowed the identification of different groups of journals, separated according to different practices of scientific communication. Conclusions. The criteria adequacy used in the evaluation of the national scientific production can be met considering impact indicators measured by citations on national journals. Criteria should be defined that value the publication in national journals with renown quality. This will allow the publication of important articles in Portuguese, and will encourage the process of national journals quality improvement.