Orientador: Maria do Carmo Martins / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:05:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_PriscilaRibeiro_D.pdf: 10758070 bytes, checksum: af7955e6d986b58e809c770fdabf7627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho foi realizado numa escola prisional feminina no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, buscando por meio das memórias escolares escritas pelas presas e, algumas atividades expressivas da escola, como os murais produzidos por elas no ano de 2012, compreender os sentidos da escolarização bem como outras questões relacionadas à aprendizagem. Inspirada nos trabalhos de Ivor Goodson (2007; 2011), passei a refletir que para ocorrer mudanças no campo da aprendizagem era importante a vinculação dos conteúdos da aprendizagem a uma possibilidade de mudança significativa na vida das presas, não sendo suficiente apenas escrever novas prescrições ou matrizes curriculares. Buscando aprofundar o assunto, o estudo procurou assentar-se na metodologia da pedagogia narrativa, na tentativa de compreender os sentidos e significados produzidos na experiência escolar. Dessa forma passou a ser importante compreender o processo de escolarização como fortalecimento da autonomia do sujeito, no sentido de empoderamento, de maneira que a aprendizagem resultasse em um fortalecimento de si mesmo. / Abstract: This study was conducted in a school female prison in the state of Rio de Janeiro, seeking through school memories written by prey and some expressive activities of the school, such as the murals produced by them in the year 2012, to understand the meanings of schooling and other issues related to learning. Inspired by the work of Ivor Goodson (2007, 2011), I began to reflect that changes occur in the field of learning was important to link the content of learning a possibility of significant change in the lives of prisoners, it is not enough just to write new prescriptions or curricular. Seeking to deepen the subject, the study sought to rely on the methodology of narrative pedagogy in an attempt to understand the meanings produced in the school experience. Thus became important to understand the process of schooling as strengthening the autonomy of the subject, in the sense of empowerment, so that learning resulted in a strengthening of himself. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutora em Educação

The dramatic increase in the U.S. prison population has renewed scholarly interest in the prison experience. Researchers have built upon and extended classic theories of inmate behavior to better understand the mechanisms that lead to inmate violence and misbehavior. Yet, scholars still consider what happens to inmates inside of prison a “black box,” due to limited systematic assessments of the prison experience. This body of scholarship is also limited by its narrow focus on males, as theories of inmate behavior have been developed around male experiences and, in turn, ignore the possibility that gender may influence prison life. Feminist theory suggests that assessments of the prison experience necessitate a focus beyond a “gendered” analysis, to one that simultaneously takes in to account race and ethnicity. Theory indicates that the intersection of gender, race, and ethnicity influence the prison experience and the way in which prison staff react to behaviors of different inmate groups. Accordingly, the goal of this dissertation is to address these research gaps and to systematically examine female inmate behavior and official reactions to behavior. Specifically, this dissertation examines three domains of the prison experience. First, it examines gender and race/ethnicity-based variation in the trends and predictors of formal in-prison misconduct. Second, the dissertation explores gender and racial/ethnic differences in how prisons sanction inmate misconduct and focuses specifically on the use of disciplinary confinement, losses of gain time, and assignment to extra work duty. Third, the dissertation assesses how in-prison punishments influence future in-prison misconduct and examines whether there is gender and racial/ethnic variation in those effects. Towards this goal, this dissertation uses longitudinal data that come from the Florida Department of Corrections (FDOC), and include all inmates that entered Florida prisons between 2005 and 2011. The data are especially useful in the assessment of the female prison experience, because they include a large enough sample of female inmates of Black, White, and Hispanic background to allow for systematic empirical assessments, which are typically rare in the study of this type of population. This dissertation uses a number of different analytic techniques, including bivariate comparisons, life table analyses, multilevel logistic regression models, negative binomial regression, and multilevel survival analyses. The dissertation’s analyses identify several critical results that advance prison research, theory, and policy. First, the findings highlight that there are notable gender and racial/ethnic differences in official misconduct, which point to the possibility of behavioral differences or differential rule enforcement, or perhaps both. At the same time, this dissertation shows that prior incarceration and age are the strongest predictors of misconduct, violence, and order violations for Black, White, and Hispanic males and females. Second, this dissertation identifies disciplinary confinement as the most frequently used in-prison sanction across male and female inmates incarcerated in Florida prisons. Third, empirical assessments showed little to no deterrent effect of harsher in-prison punishments (e.g., disciplinary confinement). More broadly, the findings underscore a need for more nuanced assessments of the female prison experience, and one that can account better for officer decision making patterns. The dissertation concludes with an overview of the findings, and a discussion of theory, research, and policy implications.

No description available.

The principle objective of this dissertation is to study the living conditions of prison inmates from a resource perspective. The empirical section builds on a level-of-living survey of prison inmates in Sweden. A representative sample of inmates (n=411) were interviewed about their living conditions, with the focus placed primarily on their situation prior to imprisonment. Most of the questions are taken from the national level-of-living surveys of the general population, thus allowing for comparisons with the living conditions of the population at large. The findings are organised into three main areas: childhood, living conditions and recidivism. They reveal large differences by comparison with the rest of the population regarding the areas examined in the level-of-living surveys, i.e. childhood conditions, education, employment, financial situation, housing, health, social relations, political resources and criminal victimisation. These differences are particularly marked when different resource deficiencies/welfare problems are viewed in combination. Low levels of participation in and poor links to the labour market, as well as various welfare problems, mean that as a group the inmates can be described as marginalised and/or socially excluded. Their situation is further affected by aspects of their living conditions not included in the level-of-living surveys of the general population, such as the abuse of alcohol and/or drugs, being sentenced to prison and recidivism. When particular groups of prison inmates are examined separately, the situation of female inmates appears to be particularly problematic. They are more likely to be substance abusers, and have accumulated a larger number of resource deficiencies. Between an individual’s debut in crime and recidivism leading to a new prison or probationary sentence, a selection process takes place on several levels. As a group, inmates differ from the general population inter alia in their experience of worse childhood and living conditions. Further, those inmates who re-offend tend to live under worse conditions than those who desist from crime. This process is interpreted from a perspective which regards an individual’s access to resources as having a vital impact on their chances in life. The conditioning influence of society at large has a profound effect on the level of opportunities available to an individual. The final section of the dissertation therefore focuses on the link between structural factors and a lack of resources at the individual level. Economic trends in Sweden during the 1990s have made this a factor of highly topical interest; already vulnerable groups were hit much harder than others by the economic crisis and rising unemployment. Against the background of this trend and an increasing individualisation in the way social problems are viewed, the distance between prison inmates and the remainder of the population is deemed likely to have increased. This conjecture is given support by the few indicators available.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Dana M. Britton / During the past twenty-five years, the number of prison programs in which inmates train dogs has increased rapidly. A lack of systematic studies to address the effects of these programs on staff and inmates has led to limited, anecdotal accounts of the impact of these programs on correctional institutions and their occupants. In addition, an analysis of differences in these effects for men and women is missing. This paper proposes to bridge this gap through qualitative research conducted in two Kansas prisons (a men’s and a women’s institution) in which inmates train assistance dogs and dogs made available for adoption by the general public. Drawing primarily on the works of Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault, and Jill McCorkel, I focus on the mechanisms of social control and resistance within these programs and their effect on the inmates participating in the program, utilizing a gendered analysis throughout. Using the experiences of the men and women in these programs, as well as those of correctional staff and community members, I propose that these programs provide an important outlet for resistance for the participants.

This thesis explores the structure and delivery of education programs to justice-involved adults in Canadian federal prisons and in the community. A series of semi-structured interviews as well as three volumes of the Journal for Prisoners on Prisons were analyzed using a qualitative approach to determine whether or not principles of adult education and components of performative space are present in current correctional education strategies. The findings suggest that while there are occurrences of both elements in the education that is provided to prisoners, the programs in the community are much more reflective of these adult learning standards. This project highlights the need for research into the area of adult correctional education, increased collaboration between the fields of criminology and education, and provides a framework from which future research can continue.

Cette thèse s’interroge sur les possibilités et les difficultés de reconstruire le droit criminel moderne et a comme point d’observation empirique les travaux d’une Commission brésilienne de juristes qui élabora une proposition législative restée connue comme étant « la réforme pénale de 1984 ». Cette Commission, active entre 1980 et 1983, avait comme but d’étudier et de proposer des changements à la législation criminelle brésilienne en visant surtout la réduction du recours à la prison et la création de peines non carcérales. La thèse montre comment cette réforme, conçue par une Commission de juristes libéraux et progressistes, ne réussit pas à transformer une critique de la prison en changements législatifs innovateurs. À partir de la problématique de la (non) évolution du droit criminel moderne, formulée par la théorie de la rationalité pénale moderne d’Alvaro Pires, cette étude privilégie l’observation des propositions législatives de ladite réforme concernant la détermination de la peine et les normes de sanctions ainsi que les discours sous-jacents. Ainsi, la thèse identifie les obstacles cognitifs qui empêchèrent la réforme d’accomplir ses deux objectifs principaux. Le matériel empirique est composé majoritairement de documents et de quelques entretiens. Les documents comprennent les textes de réflexion sur les propositions de réforme élaborées par la Commission et les textes de propositions législatives. Nous avons également interviewé les juristes membres de la Commission de la réforme de 1984, lorsque c’était encore possible, de même que certains juristes qui suivaient à l’époque les travaux de la Commission et qui nous ont servi de personnes-ressources pour la composition de notre matériel empirique. L’analyse de ce matériel fait ressortir que le fort attachement de la commission aux théories de la peine du noyau dur de la rationalité pénale moderne (la rétribution, la dissuasion et la dénonciation) ainsi que la dévalorisation de la théorie de la réhabilitation dans la pratique de détermination de la peine réduisirent la portée des propositions quant aux objectifs de la Commission.

Since Kingston Penitentiary’s opening in 1835, prison labour has been an integral part of Canada’s penal history. With purported goals such as deterrence, rehabilitation, reintegration, and providing sustenance to the state, the practice of coercing or forcing a prisoner to work while serving a sentence of incarceration was further embedded in the penal landscape in 1980 with the inception of CORCAN, the Correctional Service of Canada’s prison labour program. Despite critiques of the prison as “a fiasco in terms of its own purposes” (Mathiesen, 2006, p. 141), prison labour continues as a mechanism of the state’s penal apparatus. Drawing on political economy of punishment and penal abolitionism literature, this study reveals and disrupts official discourses used to justify and perpetuate this modern form of slavery in Canada. Through a content analysis of 33 Solicitor General of Canada and CORCAN annual reports, I demonstrate how CORCAN’s prison labour program is legitimated as a “positive reform” (Mathiesen, 1974, p. 202) of Canada’s penal system, beneficial to the reintegration of prisoners into society, communities, and the needs of the Canadian state and economy. Underneath this benevolent mask such representations are found to reproduce neoliberal capitalism as the hegemonic form of economic organization, construing prisoners and prison labour as solutions to the gaps and shifts in the national economy and labour market. After outlining these contributions, I suggest ways that future research can reveal and discredit penal ‘solutions’ such as prison labour to eradicate the penal system as a means to address the harms inherent in our social and economic systems.

Studies on health and incarceration have extensively demonstrated that incarcerated women have poorer health statuses than non-incarcerated women and than incarcerated men, both as a result of confinement and of the intersection of abuse, poverty, homelessness and addiction that are simultaneously pathways to criminalisation and to poor health. Without denying the reality of disease, physical and mental suffering experienced by women in prison, this thesis conceptualizes the “problem of health in prison” by framing it as a vehicle of and effect of power relations. By studying neoliberal rationalities and technologies that constitute health, poststructuralist scholars have demonstrated how neoliberal subjects are enticed to continuously pursue health and to adhere to the imperative to be healthy. Demonstrating the intersection of neoliberal health governance and penal governance, criminologists have shown how prisons produce the subject of a healthy prisoner, who is a self-regulated woman, freely working towards her rehabilitation. Rather than studying programs, public policies and archives, this thesis innovates by examining the experiences and narratives of the subjects who are being governed and enticed to be “healthy.” Specifically, my research provides a contextualized analysis of how women negotiate and manage their health during incarceration and upon their release from prison. The first article focuses on tensions between this work’s conceptual framework and its methodology, i.e. participatory action research. An emerging literature has been building bridges between poststructuralism and participatory action research, highlighting the latter’s potential for transformative action. Using examples from participatory action research projects with incarcerated or previously incarcerated women, the article discusses how “participation” and “action” can be redefined by using a poststructuralist definition of subjectivity. The second article tackles the issue of how women “do” health in prison. Using three issues—access to health care services, smoking, and the management of body weight—the article explores how participants adopted different embodied subjectivities, which conflicted or aligned with neoliberal governmentality. It describes how, through failure to conform to neoliberal ideals of “health,” mechanisms of self-surveillance and self-regulation are relayed by feelings of guilt, shame, and anxiety, even when incarcerated women attempt to conform to imperatives to be healthy. Finally, the last article focuses on how, upon prison release, participants attempted to “undo” the imprint of penal governance on their bodies and health. Through the exploration of corporal practices, such as taking care of one’s appearance, the use of psychoactive medications, and defecating, the article shows how women attempt to “undo” prison in order to pursue health. Though these two articles focus on different periods of participants’ lives and rely on different yet related concepts—embodied subjectivities and corporal practices—the common thread between the two is to show the attempts by participants to “undo” prison from their embodied selves, and to “do” health as incited by the ethical imperatives to be healthy. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the pursuit of health, and its effects on the populations deemed as “at risk” and “unhealthy.”

Mental health screening is frequently recommended to facilitate earlier detection of mental illness in prisons. For this goal to be achieved: (1) the screening process must be accurate; (2) appropriate follow-up treatment must be provided; (3) the treatment must lead to improved outcomes. The current thesis aimed to evaluate mental health screening in relation to these three criteria by studying 13, 281 prisoners admitted to Correctional Service of Canada. Screening achieved comparable accuracy to tools that have been studied internationally and many inmates received at least some treatment. However, interruptions in treatment were frequent and long-term treatment was rare. There was weak evidence that treatment led to reduced rates of institutional incidents of suicide, self-harm, victimization and violence. While screening remains widely endorsed, further study of its impacts is needed to maximize its value. This could include considering alternatives to screening itself, or as follow-up for those who screen positive.