A presente pesquisa analisa a comunicação dos usuários das redes sociais durante a campanha eleitoral de 2014 à presidência da República do Brasil, focando nas publicações sobre os três principais candidatos com maior percentual de intenção de voto segundo as pesquisas de opinião dos institutos Ibope e Datafolha. O corpus de análise foi baseado nas publicações feitas pelos usuários do Facebook em seus perfis pessoais e nas páginas oficiais dos três candidatos, ao longo do primeiro e do segundo turno das eleições. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram norteados pelas técnicas de Netnografia e de Análise de Redes Sociais, tomando como referência dados quantitativos (número de postagens, curtidas, compartilhamentos, etc.) e qualitativos (conteúdo das publicações, palavras-chaves, comentários dos usuários, etc.). O trabalho de monitoramento reuniu dados empíricos sobre as interações dos usuários, relacionados à percepção das estratégias eleitorais desenvolvidas na internet pelas três campanhas ao longo da disputa eleitoral de 2014, considerando as ações dos candidatos, as estratégias de propaganda eleitoral, a divulgação de notícias e de pesquisas, os debates promovidos pelos veículos de comunicação e demais informações recebidas pelos eleitores. A base teórica foi fundamentada nos conceitos de Capital Social e de Comunicação Política. / This research analyzes the communication of social networks users, during the election campaign in 2014 for the presidency of Brazil, focusing on publications on the top three candidates with the highest percentage of voting intention polls according to the Ibope and Datafolha institutes. The analysis corpus was based on publications made by Facebook users on their personal profile and the official pages of the three candidates over the first and second round of elections. The methodological procedures were guided by techniques of Netnography and Social Network Analysis with reference to quantitative data (number of posts, likes, shares, etc.) and qualitative (content of the publications, keywords, comments users, etc.). The monitoring work gathered empirical data on the interactions of users, related to the perception of electoral strategies developed on the internet by the three campaigns throughout the 2014 election considering the actions of candidates, the electoral propaganda strategies, the dissemination of news and research, debates promoted by the media and other information received by voters. The theoretical basis was based on the concepts of Social Capital and Communication Policy.

Esta tese faz uma reflexão teórico-propositiva sobre a dinâmica da ação comunicativa que articula os movimentos sociais da sociedade civil na esfera publica. Utilizamo-nos da metodologia da interpretação hermenêutica em profundidade tanto na fase da pesquisa bibliográfica quanto na empírica, a fim de compreender o nosso campo-sujeito de investigação a partir das interpretações e reinterpretações destes sujeitos sobre sua realidade e sobre as temáticas analisadas nesta pesquisa de tese: público, esfera pública, sociedade civil, comunicação pública e cidadania. Defendemos a comunicação pública como mediadora da relação que se estabelece entre a sociedade civil e o Estado na esfera pública, numa perspectiva inclusiva, democrática e pautada numa interação entre sujeitos igualmente competentes e ativos que participam deste processo. Esta nova visão requer também um novo posicionamento do profissional relações-públicas, que, nesta pesquisa de tese, é abordado a partir do paradigma ético-discursivo. Para fundamentar estas reflexões, desenvolvemos uma análise do contexto sóciohistórico deste profissional. Na sua dimensão empírica, esta pesquisa de tese analisou os conceitos teóricos que a fundamentam num contexto específico de uma esfera pública, no caso, o Jardim União da Vitória, situado em Londrina-PR, o que nos possibilitou desvelar e conhecer esta realidade pelos olhares dos atores que dela participam, num processo de interpretação e reinterpretação da realidade em questão. Para além deste precioso conhecimento, esta pesquisa trouxe resultados significativos à comunidade envolvida, em relação à temática de interesse público discutida nesta esfera pública. / This thesis establishes a theoretical and purposeful reflection on the dynamics of the communicative actionwhich articulates the social movements of the civil society in the public sphere. We have used the hermeneutic interpretation methodology in depth both on the empirical and bibliographic literature in order to understand our fieldsubject of investigation from the interpretations and reinterpretations of such subjects about their realities and about the analyzed themes in this research thesis: public, public sphere, civil society, public communication and citizenship. We defend public communication as a mediator of the relationship established between the civil society and the state in the public sphere, under an inclusive and democratic perspective based on interactions among equally competent and active subjects participating in this process. This new vision also requires a new positioning of the public relations professional who in this research thesis isaddressed from the discursive-ethical paradigm. To substantiate these observations we developed an analysis of the sociohistorical context of this professional person. In its empirical dimension, this research thesis examined the theoretical concepts that underlie a specific context of a public sphere - Jardim União da Vitória - located in Londrina, which has enabled us to uncover and understand this reality by the eyes of the agents who participate in the process of interpretation and reinterpretation of the present reality. Beyond this precious knowledge, this research has brought significant results to the community, concerning the public interest theme discussed in the public sphere.

Por facilitarem radicalmente a publicação online, os blogs configuram-se como uma das principais ferramentas de um novo panorama comunicativo baseado na participação efetiva de cidadãos das mais diferentes formações na produção de conteúdo. Para determinar se, nos dois meses que antecederam a eleição presidencial de 2006 no Brasil, o potencial de os blogs introduzirem novos atores na esfera pública efetivou-se, foi procedida uma análise do conteúdo dos principais jornais, revistas e portais do Brasil, além dos quatro blogs de maior destaque no período. Conclui-se que, estritamente no campo desta pesquisa, poucas novas vozes lograram superar a barreira da recepção. / For making online publication extremely easy, blogs are one of the most important tools of a new communication paradigm based on the effective participation of individuals from differente backgrounds in the production of online content. In order to determine blog\'s potential in introducing new actors in the public sphere, a series of content analysis were processed on he most important newspaper, magazines and websites, besides the four most influential blugs, during tha timeframe. The conclusion is, strictly in the universe of this research, few new voices could overcome the reception barrier.

Por meio da combinação entre abordagem teórica e prática artística, a pesquisa coloca em questão o modo como os públicos são compreendidos e geridos no âmbito institucional da arte, particularmente no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, adotamos a mediação cultural como locus de investigação e atuação propício à confrontação de enunciados oriundos dos diferentes agentes envolvidos nesse circuito, desde os gestores, curadores, artistas e educadores até os públicos, cujas discursividades e performatividades correspondem ao foco do nosso interesse. Problematizando as formas abstratas de classificação utilizadas para designar e endereçar os destinatários das ofertas institucionais e das práticas artísticas por elas difundidas, o trabalho se imbui da postulação de um estatuto alternativo para os públicos, entendidos aqui como formações emergentes de sujeitos políticos. Isso implica a articulação de referências e precedentes capazes de contribuir para o processo de constituição de outro regime de interação entre os agentes institucionais e aqueles que seriam os beneficiários de suas proposições de viés educativo. A saber, um regime favorável ao surgimento, ao debate e à repercussão das demandas sociais, políticas e culturais manifestas por esses indivíduos e coletividades. Materializada na dissertação, a face teórica da pesquisa reúne e analisa conceitos, problemáticas e exemplos caros ao exercício crítico em torno da condição de público e das iniciativas institucionais, mediativas e artísticas que se ocupam de diferentes modalidades de interação com suas audiências. Já a sua face artística lança mão de um procedimento documentário, elegendo como recorte um formato de atração, organização e condução de visitantes amplamente usado pelas instituições artísticas para intermediar o seu acesso aos bens artístico-culturais. Trata-se das visitas mediadas com grupos. O Diário do busão: visitas escolares a instituições artísticas funciona como um dispositivo de sondagem e tradução das formas de atuação dos estudantes da rede pública de ensino nos equipamentos de arte concentrados no centro expandido da cidade de São Paulo. Com isso, busca conferir linguagem, visibilidade e circulação às suas respostas a uma ação institucional representativa das políticas de democratização cultural. / Through the combination of theoretical approach and artistic practice, this research questions the way publics are understood and managed within the institutional framework of art, particularly in Brazil\'s context. To this end, we adopt cultural mediation as a locus of research and action that is conducive to the confrontation of statements from the different agents involved in this circuit, from managers, curators, artists and educators to the publics, whose discursiveness and performativity are the focus of our interest. By problematizing the abstract forms of classification used to designate and address the recipients of the institutional offers and the artistic practices they disseminate, this work is imbued with the postulation of an alternative statute for the publics, here understood as emergent formations of political subjects. This implies the articulation of references and precedents capable of contributing to the process of constitution of another regime of interaction between the institutional agents and those who would be the beneficiaries of their educationally-directed propositions. Namely, a regime favorable to the emergence, the debate and the repercussion of social, political and cultural demands that are manifested by these individuals and collectivities. Materialized in this dissertation, the theoretical face of the research brings together and analyzes concepts, problems and examples dear to the critical exercise around the condition of public and of the institutional, mediatic and artistic initiatives that deal with different modalities of interaction with their audiences. As for its artistic face, it uses a documentary procedure, choosing as approach a format of attraction, organization and conduct of visitors widely used by artistic institutions to mediate their access to artistic and cultural assets - in this case, mediated visits with groups. The Diário do busão: visitas escolares a instituições artísticas [The big bus diary: school visits to art institutions] works as a device for probing and translating the forms of acting of public school students in the art equipments in the expanded center of the city of São Paulo. With this, it seeks to confer language, visibility and circulation to their responses to an institutional action that is representative of the policies of cultural democratization.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T13:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocezariodacostaneto.pdf: 867412 bytes, checksum: f0d5476993614323b9e05ab0705da393 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-05-02T00:59:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocezariodacostaneto.pdf: 867412 bytes, checksum: f0d5476993614323b9e05ab0705da393 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T00:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cicerocezariodacostaneto.pdf: 867412 bytes, checksum: f0d5476993614323b9e05ab0705da393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação oferece um estudo sobre o conceito de esfera pública desenvolvido por Charles Taylor em relação com o que se tem entendido por Teologia Pública no Brasil na atualidade. Através de investigação bibliográfica, o primeiro capítulo faz considerações centrais acerca do pensamento de Taylor sobre esfera pública, concentrado, sobretudo, no quarto capítulo de sua obra magna Uma Era Secular o colocando em diálogo com autores como Jürgen Habermas, Hannah Arendt, Nicolás Panotto, Paul Tillich e Rubem Alves. O segundo capítulo situa o debate sobre a Teologia Pública, do qual Rudolf von Sinner é o principal expoente, no contexto brasileiro atual e relaciona o conceito de Teologia Pública trabalhado no Brasil com os desenvolvidos na América do Norte e na África do Sul, bem como com a Teologia da Libertação e o protestantismo histórico. A partir disto, o último capítulo busca mostrar a atualidade, relevância e contribuições da reflexão acerca da Teologia Pública desde o conceito de esfera pública tayloriana para o debate a respeito da relação entre religião e o Estado democrático brasileiro. / This essay offers a study about the concept of public sphere developed by Charles Taylor in relation with what has been understood as Public Theology in Brazil today. Through bibliographic research, the first chapter make central considerations about the thought of Taylor about the public sphere, concentrated mainly in the fourth chapter of his magnum opus A Secular Age, placing it in dialogue with authors such as Jürgen Habermas, Hannah Arendt, Nicolás Panotto, Paul Tillich and Rubem Alves. The second chapter situates the debate about the Public Theology, which Rudolf von Sinner is the leading exponent in the current Brazilian context, and relates the concept of Public Theology worked in Brasil with that developed in North America and South Africa, as well with Liberation Theology and the historic protestantism. Finaly, the last chapter seeks to show the actuality, relevance and contribution of the reflection about Public Theology with the concept taylorian of public sphere for the debate about the relationship between religion and the brazilian democratic State.

This thesis explores the prestige associated in late medieval Scotland with Flemish luxury products, using a material culture-based approach founded on the premise that objects can reveal the beliefs and attitudes of those who used them. Adding to existing scholarship which concentrates on the economic, political, and diplomatic connections between Scotland and Flanders, this research offers a new artefactual dimension to this relationship. It challenges the perception of Scotland as culturally and materially unsophisticated while simultaneously considering how objects were used in the expression of elite power and status. What drives this work is that late medieval Scottish elites were fully immersed in the most highly regarded and fashionable material trends of western Europe and that their consumption patterns fit into a wider mentality which saw Flemish craftsmanship as an ideal. A new model is thus presented, moving away from the traditional concentration on fluctuating wool exports and taking into account the cultural agency of noble, ecclesiastic, and burghal elites. It entails the initial examination of Scottish consumer demand and its impact on the Flemish luxury market. Following this are chapters on gift exchange and the presentation of magnificence, centred around the perception of the Flemish aesthetic as representative of elite status. Finally, this approach is applied to the burghal and clerical spheres, arguing that Flemish church furniture played a role in the formation and maintenance of elite urban identities. The comprehensive examination of artefactual sources, combined with the commercial, ritual, and ceremonial evidence found in written sources, enables the building up of a clearer impression of Scoto-Flemish material culture than has previously been realised. It is demonstrated that the material environment of late medieval Scottish elites was comparable to those of other European polities, constituting a common cultural sphere furnished by the luxury products of Flanders and the southern Low Countries.

[pt] A questão que move esta estudo gira em torno de indagações teóricas acerca do papel das novas mídias na formação política atual. Parto da ideia de que a internet desempenha, hoje, papel central no desenho da esfera pública. Faz- se necessário, entretanto, transcender o conceito, tal como pontuado por Jurgen Habermas, visto que este defende que o agir nesta esfera resume-se a expor e ouvir ideias em sua forma discursiva verbal. É intrínseco, portanto, que atuando na esfera pública podemos formar nossas opiniões, compartilhá-las e transformá-las, configurando-a, por princípio, como um espaço formativo. Normalmente, autores da área da educação relacionam o pensamento de Habermas à formação política em, pelo menos, duas vertentes: a construção de um público apto a argumentar utilizando a linguagem verbal; e sua relação com a formação dos indivíduos, no tocante a sua capacidade de construir opiniões de forma crítica e reflexiva. Ela é, então, caracterizada pelo autor como um espaço racional e mediado pela linguagem verbal. Acredito, contudo, que algo foge a essas interpretações, especialmente, quando observamos a interação na web. Defendo a tese de que é preciso considerar a esfera pública virtual uma tecnologia cognitiva, ampliando sua conhecida vertente discursiva verbal. O intuito da pesquisa é unir uma série de aspectos que, em detrimento da valorização do discurso racional, acabam excluídas da análise habermasiana e da pedagogia crítica. Isso não significa abandonar a ideia de que a esfera pública seja um espaço de atos de fala, de discussão de ideias ou mesmo de emancipação social ou criação de consciência política, mas procurar ir além. Interessa-me englobar, a esse vasto repertório, uma concepção de funcionamento da mente/racionalidade que incorpore também aspectos corporais, emocionais e tecnológicos ao uso dos artefatos conectados à internet como tecnologias cognitivas, extensões de nossa mente e objetos materiais que produzem e/ ou alteram o sentido empregadona construção de significados e visões de mundo. Isso implica compreender esses objetos como constitutivos e transformadores e, não apenas, instrumentos procedimentais ou mediadores na construção de nossas opiniões e ideologias políticas. / [en] The question that moves this thesis includes theoretical inquiries about the role of new media in the current political formation. I start from the idea that the internet plays, nowadays, a central position in the design of the public sphere, because it has been presented as the great deliberative arena today. It is necessary, however, to transcend the concept, as designed by Jurgen Habermas. He argues that acting in this sphere means to expose and listen to ideas in the verbal discursive form. It is, therefore, acting in the public sphere that we can form our opinions, share them and also transform them. Because it has these configurations the public space is by principle a formative space. Usually, authors of Education area relate Habermas s thinking to political formation in at least two strands: the construction of a public apt to argue using verbal language; and to form individuals capable of constructing their opinions in a critical and reflexive way. It means that public sphere is then a rational space mediated by verbal language. I believe, however, that something escapes these interpretations, especially when we observe the interaction on the web. I defend the thesis that it is necessary to consider the virtual public sphere as a cognitive technology, amplifying its wellknown verbal discourse. The aim of the research is to unite a series of aspects that, to the detriment of the valorization of the rational discourse, are excluded from the habermasian analysis and the critical pedagogy. It doesn t mean I m rejecting the idea that the public sphere is a space of speech acts, discussion of ideas or social emancipation, but go further. I am interested in including in this vision a conception of mind / rationality that also incorporates corporal, emotional and technological aspects to the use of internet connected artifacts as cognitive technologies, extensions of our mind and material objects that produce and / or altering construction of meanings and visions of the world. This implies understanding these objects as constitutive and transformative, not merely procedimental instruments or mediators in the construction of our political opinions and ideologies.

This study examines the potential for the Internet, or more specifically the World Wide Web, to enhance local democracy and local governance by providing a networked public sphere. It is located in post-industrial theories of social and political transformation, which see a new, uncertain and complex society emerging which may transform the political significance of the 'local'. Whilst a number of causes are identified as culpable in this process, it is the ICT revolution and the development of the Web in particular, that is seen as possessing a democratising potential that, if realised, may bring greater resilience to geographic localities. The potential of the Web to provide a new networked public sphere is based upon contested views that its topography, its hyperlinked structure, can enable the ordinary citizen's voice to be heard above those that traditionally dominate political discourse. However, there has been no attention paid to this potential being realised at a local governance level within which, this study argues, a favourable environment should exist for a local online networked public sphere to prosper. Accordingly, this prospect is empirically explored here through a case study of the use made of the Web by a variety of local civic, political and institutional actors during a 2008 local (Manchester, UK) referendum on introducing the largest traffic congestion charging scheme in the country. This research applies a distinctive mixed method approach within a conceptually defined internet mediated domain of local governance. Relational Hyperlink Analysis is used to analyse the structural significance of the captured congestion charge. This analysis uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) and an associated statistical technique, Exponential Random Graph Modelling (ERGM) to render the network visible and understandable. To further illuminate how the network was used by local civic and institutional actors involved in the referendum the research draws upon a network ethnography approach which uses SNA to identify subjects for qualitative investigation. The study offers some evidence of the Web providing 'just enough' links in this local context to suggest the structural existence of a networked public sphere. However, further evidence from the narratives and the statistical model paint an alternative picture. This suggests that, in the main, hyperlinking behaviour and use made of the network corresponds to a 'politics as usual' scenario where cliques are more likely to proliferate and powerful economic and media interests dominate online as they do offline. If the ordinary citizen's voice is to be heard in this context then there is a requirement for policy intervention to establish a trusted local networked public sphere or online civic space, independent of vested interests but linked to the local governance decision making process. In addition to this there is a requirement for greater education, particularly aimed at senior local governance policy makers, in the culture of online engagement.

The maturation of the public sphere in Argentina during the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies was a critical element in the nation-building process and the overall development ofthe modern state. Within the context of this evolution, the discourse of disease generatedintense debates that subsequently influenced policies that transformed the public spaces ofBuenos Aires and facilitated state intervention within the private domains of the city’sinhabitants. Under the banner of hygiene and public health, municipal officials thusEuropeanized the nation’s capital through the construction of parks and plazas and likewiseutilized the press to garner support for the initiatives that would remedy the unsanitaryconditions and practices of the city. Despite promises to the contrary, the improvements to thepublic spaces of Buenos Aires primarily benefited the porteño elite while the efforts to rootout disease often targeted working-class neighborhoods. The model that reformed the publicspace of Buenos Aires, including its socially differentiated application of aesthetic order andpublic health policies, was ultimately employed throughout the Argentine Republic as theconsolidated political elite rolled out its national program of material and social development.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-10T13:23:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinalimasilvapereira.pdf: 1682133 bytes, checksum: 843273fb0ef7d9edb4bcd71063a52dba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-10T14:13:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinalimasilvapereira.pdf: 1682133 bytes, checksum: 843273fb0ef7d9edb4bcd71063a52dba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinalimasilvapereira.pdf: 1682133 bytes, checksum: 843273fb0ef7d9edb4bcd71063a52dba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-20 / Considerando que na contemporaneidade o discurso político tem alargado suas fronteiras, com candidatos a cargos públicos passando a utilizar as redes sociais para construção de uma imagem positiva, em busca de consolidar accountability político, conquistar eleitores, influenciar opiniões e buscar identificação com sua campanha, o presente trabalho discute o surgimento de uma esfera de participação política nas redes sociais a partir da análise da fanpage de três candidatos a deputado federal nas eleições de 2014, Margarida Salomão (PT), Marcus Pestana (PSDB) e Júlio Delgado (PSB). A proposta procura entender como são construídas relações de sentido a partir de postagens e de interações entre cidadãos e candidatos e entre os próprios cidadãos no Facebook, com vistas a compreender o processo de deliberação a partir da formação de um clima de discussão política propício ao debate e ao fortalecimento democrático na internet. A metodologia utilizada consiste na aplicação da análise de conteúdo categorial proposta por Laurence Bardin para analisar as postagens nas fanpages nos meses de maio/junho e setembro/outubro de 2014. / Where as in contemporary political discourse has extended its borders, with candidates for public office starting to use social networks to build a positive image, seeking to consolidate political accountability, to win voters, influence opinions and seek identification with his campaign this paper discusses the emergence of a sphere of political participation in social networks based on the analysis of fanpage three candidates in the 2014 elections, Margarida Salomão ( PT) , Marcus Pestana (PSDB ) and Julio Delgado (PSB ). The proposal seeks to understand how relationships are built of sense from posts and interactions between citizens and candidates and among the citizens on Facebook, in order to understand the decisionmaking process from the formation of a political climate conducive to discussion debate and democratic strengthening the internet. The methodology used is the analysis application of categorical proposed by Laurence Bardin to analyze posts in fanpages in May / June and September / October 2014 .