Dissertation Title: Transforming Violent Masculinities: Nigeria's Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programme in the Niger Delta Abstract Gender mainstream in security studies has been erroneously equated with the introduction of women in security practices. Hence, gender analysis of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programmes have largely underestimated the importance of also considering men's gender identity. Breaking this pattern, this dissertation examines the ability of the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration approach adopted in the Niger Delta to change or consolidate violent masculinities among ex-combatants. The selected case study is of special relevance to the topic at hand since the conflict in the Niger Delta has been partly attributed to the constructions of masculinity that prevail in this Nigerian region. Following previous research in the field of critical masculinities and feminist peacebuilding, the paper reveals that the transformative potential of the Presidential Amnesty Programme is extremely limited, exclusively offering a way of expressing positive masculinities as part of the economy. This is the result of the Nigerian government's decision to adopt a minimalist approach to DDR that pays full attention to ex-combatants as individuals rather...

A civil-military divide exists within the United States and is perpetuated by a distinct lack of communication between the civilian and military sectors within the population. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine whether attitudes and behaviors of combat veterans affect their positive reintegration into civilian communities. Binder’s social ecology theory provided the framework for the study. Data were collected from 255 combat veterans who responded to a survey. Results were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple linear regression model to determine the influence of military job satisfaction, post-deployment stressors, post-deployment support, and civic engagement on community reintegration efforts, while controlling for age, branch of military service, place of residence, political party affiliation, education, rank, reason for ending military service, and sex. There were statistically significant results that indicate prediction for successful community reintegration may be dependent upon the identification of key associations, including post-deployment support, education, rank, and the reason an individual transitioned out of military service. Findings may also provide policymakers with information about the community reintegration process, which may be used to improve reintegration efforts of combat veterans transitioning back to civilian life for positive social change.

In recent years, the views on youth in post-conflict societies has started to move away from stereotypes of youth acting predominantly as perpetrators of violence, towards a perspective underlining their positive participation in peace building. This study further challenges stereotypes of young peoples’ negative impact in post-conflict scenarios and aims to shed light on young ex-combatants’ role in peacebuilding while transitioning into civilian life. The study conducted twelve in-depth field interviews with young ex-combatants who joined the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) when they were eight to twenty years old.  The interviews conducted two years after disarmament suggest that respondents consider their role in peacebuilding as crucial in sustaining the peace process. Moreover, they see political participation with equal conditions as necessary to achieve social justice in Colombia.

La presente tesis realiza el análisis de inseguridad en el Perú ocasionado por jóvenes que cometen el crimen de homicidio, debido a que es un tema de gran relevancia que afecta a la sociedad y la sensación de inseguridad que sienten ellos al transitar por las calles. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el estado actual de los centros de rehabilitación, y referentes mundiales que han tenido éxito en la reinserción, así como el usuario, para luego diseñar un centro de rehabilitación juvenil que cumpla con las estrategias de diseño necesarias para el desempeño del usuario. Con este fin, la pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿Cómo se plantea el diseño interior de un centro de rehabilitación de medio cerrado (CJDR) para jóvenes homicidas? En este contexto, el diseño es un factor importante, ya que será el factor principal que influenciará en la rehabilitación y posterior reinserción a la sociedad. La pregunta de investigación se responde luego de aplicar estrategias de diseño y formular la programación, organigrama y zonificación, teniendo como resultado una mejor ubicación y distribución de los espacios interiores y de esparcimiento. Teniendo esto en cuenta, se recomienda que las investigaciones futuras tomen en cuenta los puntos mencionados y sirva para mejorar los actuales centros de rehabilitación. Se podrían realizar investigaciones adicionales para identificar otros factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de diseñar para jóvenes que no hayan cometido este crimen, sino delitos menores. / This thesis carries out the analysis of insecurity in Peru caused by young people who commit the crime of homicide, also the current state of juvenile detention centers, what systems they use and what are the methods to achieve reintegration into society, the result obtained from this research will serve to better approach of a juvenile detention center. The objective is to design a juvenile detention center with open spaces and vegetation in Ancon district. Below, the content of the chapters will be briefly explained. In Chapter I, the research problem is described in such a way that such an analysis serves as the basis for subsequently proposing a solution. Chapter II, emphasizes the analysis of research frameworks, for a better analysis of the problem. Chapter III, explains the design strategies that will be taken into account for the design of this new juvenile detention center located in Ancon district. Chapter IV, describes the user, as well as programming, organization chart and zoning. Finally, in chapter V the conclusions and contributions will be announced. / Tesis

For now several years, many researchers have emphasized the importance and effectiveness of parole in the reintegration process of offenders, especially in reducing recidivism rates. A review of the existing literature revealed that, although little was known about conditional release decision-making in general, there was a flagrant lack of scientific knowledge pertaining to conditional release decisions regarding women offenders incarcerated in Canada. Using a constructionist theoretical framework and qualitative thematic analysis, this research aimed to understand which “factors” were documented by the Parole Board of Canada’s (PBC) Board members in their written parole decisions for federally incarcerated women in Canada who were serving a sentence of five years or more, between 2005 and 2015. The findings ultimately showed that, despite the implementation of more stringent government policies based on risk management, the PBC’s Board members seem to have retained their concern of promoting the reintegration of women offenders in their parole decisions. The analysis revealed that the Board members have indeed continued to place great emphasis on the women’s potential for change through a discretionary assessment of their dynamic factors. This seemingly more reintegrative vision nevertheless remains marked by the risk management approach, which raises questions about the way Board members interpret and evaluate the specific needs of the women and their potential for reintegration.

En individs liv efter ett fängelsestraff omfattar nya anpassningar i samhället som arbete, bostad och möjligheten att återigen vara delaktig i samhället. I processen av återanpassning upplever dessa individer bemötandet av stigmatisering och stämpling, vilket har stor påverkan på individen och dess process. För fängelsedömda individer som har avtjänat sin tid kan relationen till familjen anses vara antingen en risk- eller skyddsfaktorer för återanpassning i samhället. Idag läggs inte fokus på hur individen upplever återanpassning till samhället samt hur det påverkar dem, därför tycker vi att det är ett viktigt område att belysa och uppmärksamma. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka individens återanpassning i samhället efter att ha avtjänat ett fängelsestraff, med fokus på arbetssökande och familjerelationer. Detta kommer att genomföras ur ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv där stigmatisering och sociala band är fördjupande begrepp som kommer att belysas. Med en socialpsykologisk ansats genomförs studien utifrån stigmateorin, kontrollteorin och stämplingsteorin. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med män mellan 30-55 år som har avtjänat ett fängelsestraff för narkotikabrott inom loppet av 10 år genomfördes genom stödorganisationer för före detta kriminella såsom KRIS och KRAMI. Resultatet påvisar att arbete är en relevant aspekt som bidrar till en upplevd känsla av återanpassning och delaktighet i samhället. Kriminella kan förändras och bli en del av samhället igen med hjälp av stöd från familj, sociala band, stödorganisationer, myndigheter och från samhället. / An individual's life after a prison sentence involves new forms of adaptations in society within spectrums like work, housing and the opportunity to participate in society again. In the process of readjustment, these individuals tend to experience the treatment of stigma and negative reproach, which has a great impact on the individual and its process. For imprisoned individuals who have served their time, the relationship with their family can either be considered as a risk or protective factor for reintegration into society. Today, there is minimal focus on how these individuals experience reintegration into society and how it affects them, therefore we think it is an important area to highlight and pay attention to. The purpose of this study is to examine the individual's reintegration into society after serving a prison sentence, focusing on the job seeking process and family relationships. This will be done from a socialpsychological perspective where stigma and social bond will be highlighted. With a socialpsychological approach, the study is carried out based on the stigma theory, the control theory and the stamping theory. Ten semi-structured interviews with men between the ages of 30-55, who have served a prison sentence for drug offenses within 10 years, were conducted through support organizations for former criminals such as KRIS and KRAMI. Results show that work is a relevant aspect that contributes to a perceived feeling of reintegration and participation in society. Criminals can change and become part of society again with the help of support from family, social ties, support organizations, government and from society.

(in English): KAPLANOVÁ, Šárka. Mentoring in the Criminal Justice. Prague: Faculty of Arts Charles University, 2014. 75 p. Master degrese thesis The aim of the Master's thesis is to introduce a mentoring service and create a comprehensive work about the principles, the benefits and the risks of mentoring. The main part is focused on the mentoring, its principles, benefits, and outlines the important area of dilemmas and risks. The secondl part is focused on the description of the research and the presentation of its results. In conclusion summarizes the results of the research and proposals for improvement of mentoring services and to carry out next research. The research method is the analysis of the questionnaire and content analysis. The research sample consists of clients which used mentoring services. Key words: Social control, restorative justice, reintegration, mentoring

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a lengthy and challenging process for survivors, their families, and health and welfare services. Globally, South Africa has the second-highest prevalence of TBI that is due to road traffic accidents. The growing challenges for TBI survivors are the financial constraints, health implications, and the psychosocial support required by survivors of TBI and their families, which impacts family reintegration, post-hospitalisation. The aim of the study was to understand the challenges experienced by TBI survivors with regards to the psychosocial support services for family reintegration. A qualitative approach, using an exploratory-descriptive design was used. The person-centred perspective was chosen as a theoretical framework.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa has one of the highest crime rates in the world. The state aims to reduce the prevalence of crime mainly by sentencing offenders to imprisonment. In turn the goal of imprisonment is to rehabilitate offenders so that they can refrain from reoffending and be reintegrated into society. Unfortunately, due to various factors which exist inside and outside of prisons, rehabilitation and reintegration is difficult to achieve. The study unpacks the perennial question of whether or not the state has a legal duty to reintegrate offenders into society. This question looms particularly, during the post-release phase of offenders’ life. Preliminary indications are that the state currently views reintegration as a ‘societal responsibility.’ This study intends to determine whether or not the state has a legal duty to reintegrate offenders and provide them with support even after their release from imprisonment.

Racial segregation in California prisons is a primary means of maintaining control and safety for inmates and correctional staff, yet little is understood about how racial segregation in prison impacts reentry of offenders into the community. The research question examined in this study focused on how living in the racial segregation of a California State prison, for 2 years or more might influence African-American, White, and Latino men's ability to interact with other races in a culturally diverse community upon release. Using Donald Clemmer's theory of prisonization as the foundation, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the experiences of men who lived in a racially segregated environment in prison regarding post-release reintegration. Specifically, their experiences with interacting in a culturally diverse environment after prison were examined to understand how behaviors and attitudes in prison were adapted by formerly incarcerated men in community life. A sample of 15 formerly incarcerated males were interviewed in response to posted fliers and community presentations. Collected data were analyzed between and among races for similar responses to the interview questions according to the Van Kaam method. Fourteen of the 15 participants reported that racial reintegration added challenges such as difficulty trusting and interacting with races other than their own post release, and additionally they stated they were grateful to return to a culturally diverse community. Positive social change stemming from this study include recommendations to prison leaders to introduce social skill building training into reintegration programming that supports former inmates to more effectively interact with diverse populations as they transition to community life.