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Höga nivåer av återfall i brottslighet och misslyckade återintegreringar efter avtjänadefängelsestraff är ett socialt problem i dagens samhälle. Syftet med studien är attundersöka erfarenheter och upplevelser hos män som avtjänat två eller flerfängelsestraff för att identifiera faktorer som leder till återfall i brott samt vilka faktorersom leder till återintegrering i samhället. Föreliggande studie har en kvalitativ ansatsmed ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv och det empiriska materialet har samlats in genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet är målstyrt och utgörs av 8 manligaåterfallsförbrytare där tiden sedan frigivning varierar mellan deltagarna. Den mestframträdande orsaken till återfall i brottslighet visas vara missbruk, inte minst för att deti sin tur leder till ytterligare kriminella handlingar för att kunna finansiera missbruket.Andra framträdande faktorer är avsaknad av familj, missförhållanden under uppväxtensamt antisocialt beteende i form av våldsamhet och kriminalitet som urartat i tidig ålder.Negativa upplevelser under tiden på anstalt och bristfälligt stöd vid frigivning har ocksåen inverkan på återfallsrisken. Gällande faktorer som leder till återintegrering efteravtjänat fängelsestraff framkommer det att självinsikt och ansvarstagande verkarfrämjande. Sysselsättning i form av arbete bidrar till ökad självkänsla såväl somekonomiskt kapital vilket är avgörande i en gynnsam återintegrering. Ett stabilt socialtnätverk med familj är ytterligare en framträdande faktor som minskar risken att återfallai brott och snarare gynna en återintegrering i samhället. Studiens resultat pekar mot attdet finns många olika orsaker till återfall i brott och att vägen till återintegrering kan seut på många olika sätt, vilket tyder på att det finns ett behov av individanpassadeinsatser för att minska återfallsrisken och främja återintegrering. / High levels of recidivism and failed reintegrations after serving a prison sentence is asocial problem in today's society. The purpose of this study is to look into theexperiences of men who have served two or more prison sentences in order to identifywhich factors that lead to recidivism as well as which factors that lead to reintegrationinto the society. The presented study has a qualitative approach with a hermeneuticperspective and the empirical material has been collected through semi-structuredinterviews. The selection is goal-directed and consists 8 male recidivists where the timesince release date varies between the participants. The most prominent cause ofrecidivism appears to be addiction, especially for it leads to further criminal acts inorder to finance the addiction. Other factors are deficient family relations, abuse duringchildhood and antisocial behavior in forms of violence and criminality that degenerateat an early age. Negative experiences during prison sentences as well as insufficientsupport upon release also has an impact on the risk of recidivism. Regarding factors thatlead to reintegration after serving a prison sentence, it emerges that self-awareness andtaking responsibility seems to be highly important. Employment in forms of workcontributes to increased self-esteem as well as economic capital, which is crucial in apositive reintegration. A secure social network with family is another prominent factorthat reduces the risk of recidivism and supports integration back into society. The resultsof the study point to the fact that there are many different reasons for recidivism andthat one path to reintegration can look very different from another, which indicates thatthere is a need for individually tailored interventions to reduce the risk of recidivismand promote reintegration.

This autoethnographic account details the author's ongoing struggle with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and how leisure was integral to his journey toward recovery. By showing the mental and emotional struggles of life with the disorder, this paper offers an alternative viewpoint from the traditional scientific studies of PTSD which bury soldier's voices under layers of analysis. The purpose of this paper is to deepen and expand an understanding of both combat-related PTSD and the power of leisure in an individual's recovery from combat trauma

There is a growing awareness among researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners regarding the importance of increased coordination among numerous post-conflict peacebuilding processes and the consequent need for conceptual clarity as a precondition for coordinated, holistic peacebuilding interventions. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR), and Mine Action are among the very first entry points in post-conflict reconstruction, however, despite sharing similarities they form part of distinct communities of practice, and the nexus between the two remains widely unaddressed academically and in practice. This research aims to address this disconnection. A particular window of opportunity is identified through the difficulties that DDR reintegration generates.  In particular, this study proposes the reintegration of ex-combatants through mine action. The author suggests that DDR can only enable sustainable long-term results if it is part of a wider set of security promotion strategies with devoted attention to community security which is argued to be achieved through mine action. Using a qualitative single case idea analyses the research argues that the adoption of a bottom-up approach provides an alternative understanding of ex-combatant reintegration. The results suggest that Humanitarian Demining, Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) and Victim assistance (VA) can pave the way for reintegration and reconciliation between ex-combatants and local communities in the case of Colombia.

The level of brutality and violence against children abducted and forcefully conscripted by the Lord¿s Resistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda pricked the conscience of humanity. The suffering of the people in northern Uganda was described by Jan Egeland, the former United Nations Under- Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, as ¿the biggest forgotten humanitarian crisis in the world¿. This study is primarily concerned with the plight of child soldiers in northern Uganda and how their effective reintegration and rehabilitation (RR) could lead to successful peacebuilding. The study is premised on the hypothesis that ¿the promotion of the RR of former child soldiers by providing psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources may contribute to conditions of peace and stability in northern Uganda.¿ The main contribution of this research is that it explores the relevance of psychosocial support based on the traditional and indigenous resources to the RR of child soldiers and peacebuilding of war-torn societies. Psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources as an element of peacebuilding has been the neglected element of peacebuilding by the liberal peacebuilding interventions in most war-torn societies. For example, while traditional and indigenous resources in northern Uganda have been instrumental in the RR of former child soldiers, most scholars and policy makers have largely paid attention to the usual official government and United Nations structured top-down interventions that emphasize Western approaches of peacebuilding. More so, the official approaches have tended to marginalize the plight of former child soldiers in the reconstruction and peacebuilding of northern Uganda. Yet, failing to pay sufficient attention to effective RR of child soldiers could undermine the peace dividends already achieved in northern Uganda. The study also analyses the limitations of psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources in the RR of former child soldiers. It further examines why Western approaches of psychosocial support in the RR of child soldiers have remained in use in spite of the criticisms levelled against them. The study examines other peacebuilding interventions, both official and unofficial, that have been implemented in northern Uganda. In terms of key findings, the study establishes that traditional and indigenous resources are still popular and have been widely used in northern Uganda in the RR of child soldiers. Majority of former child soldiers who were interviewed observed that they found traditional and indigenous resources more helpful than the Western models of psychosocial support. However, it was also established that there is a significant section of former child soldiers who found Western models more relevant in their RR processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends an integrative and holistic model of psychosocial support that blends good elements from both traditional and indigenous resources and Western approaches with greater emphasis on the former. / Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)

Georgia, the Post-Soviet, transition country with struggling economy and territorial disputes has been dealing with forced migration since 1990s. In 2008, the country experienced another internal displacement wave and about 30,000 people were forced to flee from their homes. The state constructed compact IDP settlements and provided housing to affected households. After more than a decade, there is a significant gap in economic livelihoods of the IDP households in those settlements. The location and the size of the IDP settlements has had impact on the economics of IDP population and acted as main drivers of inequalities in integration across the settlements of forcibly displaced persons. The thesis will explore how the settlement facilitates or hampers employment and income-generation process for IDPs.  The conceptual framework utilized will be the combination of asset-based approach and cumulative disadvantage theory, push and pull factors theory of migration and the three key framework dimensions of camp design. The methodology used will include primary data collection through semi-structured interviews, secondary data collection through scholarly articles and reports, and the analysis and discussion of both.

Denna studie utforskar återanpassningsprocessen och upplevelsen av stämpling bland före detta fängelsedömda individer i Sverige, med fokus på hur dessa erfarenheter påverkar deras återinträde i samhället. Genom kvalitativ analys av intervjuer från podcasten ”Utanför Murarna”, som innehåller intervjuer med före detta fängelsedömda, visar studien hur stämplingsteorin tar sig uttryck i deras vardagsliv. Studien belyser svårigheterna med att hitta boende och arbete som före detta fängelsedömd, samtidigt som den tar upp den dubbla stämpling som är relaterad till diagnoser som adhd och utmaningar som fängelsedömda mammor möter. Metodologiskt bygger studien på kvalitativ innehållsanalys av transkriberade podcastintervjuer, där fokus ligger på återanpassningsstrategier och påverkan av samhällelig stämpling. Resultaten pekar på strategier som ärlighet och undvikande, samt betydelsen av stöd från familj, vänner och rehabiliteringsprogram. Studien understryker behovet av en mer inkluderande och förstående samhällssyn gentemot före detta fängelsedömda för att understödja en effektiv återanpassning. Slutsatserna betonar vikten av att riktade stödinsatser och individanpassade program tillämpas för att adressera de specifika behov och utmaningar som före detta fängelsedömda individer möter. / This study explores the reintegration challenges that former prison inmates in Sweden face, especially caused by societal labeling through the lens of labeling theory. Using qualitative analysis, this study explores podcast interviews with former prison inmates, revealing their perceptions and experiences of reintegration. Previous research highlights the difficulties of finding housing and employment as an ex-convict, while addressing the double stigmatization as a consequence of labeling for diagnoses such as adhd and challenges faced by formerly incarcerated mothers. Accordingly, the findings of this study highlight the complexities of societal reentry, where former prison inmates struggle with societal labeling, employment, and housing issues. Strategies used by former prison inmates, such as honesty, avoidance, and earning their place in society, are examined. Additionally, the positive influence of support systems like family, housing assistance, and rehabilitation programs is highlighted. The study contributes to understanding the reintegration process, suggesting implications for policy development and interventions in criminal justice and social services. The findings also indicate areas for further research, particularly around societal labeling and effective reintegration practices.

Within the last decade, scholars and practitioners alike have noted a surge in the use of legal financial obligations (LFOs) in criminal justice processing. These include fines, fees, and costs that are applied to defendants’ cases from “upstream” agencies such as police departments to “downstream” agencies including jails, prisons, probation and parole agencies, and treatment centers. Legal financial obligations can be large, and the result is that outstanding balances often accumulate into unwieldy amounts of criminal justice debt. Recently, a small handful of qualitative studies have shown that these LFOs and debts can have adverse impacts on returning prisoners and their families, including increased stress, strained family relationships, worsened depression, and longer periods spent under criminal justice surveillance for those too poor to pay off outstanding balances. In addition, some of this work suggests that these financial obligations can increase the likelihood of returning to crime. This dissertation expands on the major contributions of these recent qualitative works by addressing the lack of quantitative research in this area. Toward this end, longitudinal data from the Returning Home Study (n=740) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques are used to test whether LFOs and debt indeed have adverse impacts on key outcomes of interest in reentry research, including family relationships, depression, justice involvement/entanglement, and recidivism. Findings reveal partial support for past research and theory. Legal financial obligations do not appear to have impacts on depression, family conflict, and several measures of recidivism on average. However, outstanding debt owed to community supervision agencies (i.e., probation/parole/mandatory community supervision) significantly increases the likelihood of remaining under supervision, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of returning to prison. Implications for decision-making bodies from state legislatures to corrections agencies are discussed. / Criminal Justice

Background. The current study was conducted to increase understanding of factors that promote or deter post-combat adaptation. In total, five research questions were posed and tested, leading to examination of how difficulties with emotion regulation, post-deployment coping self-efficacy (PDCSE), and disrupted worldview work in-concert to influence post-combat adaptation (as measured by PTSD severity, depression severity, and quality of life perceptions). Methods. The final sample included cross-sectional data for 123 OEF/OIF veterans who were referred for assessment and/or treatment in an outpatient clinic in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Path analysis, employing bootstrapping re-sampling, was used to test hypotheses, yielding metrics for model fit, direct effects, and hypothesized indirect effects. Results. Overall findings demonstrated that each of the models tested were a good fit for explaining post-combat adaptation outcomes, with the final integrated model (including combat exposure, difficulties with emotion regulation, PDCSE, and negative worldview) explaining 49% of the variance in PTSD, 60% of the variance in depression severity, and 42% of the variance in quality of life, respectively. Findings across all models demonstrated that emotion dysregulation played a significant role in promoting worse post-combat adaptation, and that this effect primarily worked through alterations in PDCSE and negative worldview. Conclusions. This study concludes with interpretation of findings via theory and the extant literature. Future research and intervention implications are discussed, including the need to focus post-combat therapies on altering PDCSE and negative worldview, and more broadly, on factors that diminish meaningful life for combat veterans. / Ph. D.